voyous, Street cads^ " Micks
4. se portaient candidats. Those who were to run for élection were entitled to permits.
Page 162. — i . Assemblée Nationale, elected February 8th, to govem France and deal with her conquerors.
2. république rouge, i. e., the extrême republicanism, bordering on anarchy, that Aies the red flag. See page 53, Une 13.
Page 163. — i. devise de Paris. The city's crest is an old-fashioned ship on a stormy sea. The motto of the city was once more verified after the armistice with which the narrative hère concludes. The turbulent bands in Paris, which had not been disarmed, professing indignation at the surrender of the city, rushed to the front, seized the Hôtel de Ville, and established themselves in power under the flag of the Commune. The National Government, which had removed from Bordeaux to Versailles, had to fight this révolution, to besiege Paris for two months (April and May, 1871), and to recapture it. Only after much bloodshed and more destruction of property than the siège by the Prussians had caused was the triumph of the Versailles troops assured (May 28, 1871).
By the Treaty of Peace signed with Germany at Frankfort, May 10, 187 1, France ceded the whole of Alsace and half of Lorraine, and agreed to pay an indemnity of five thousand million francs (cinq milliards).
Places Printed in Black-Faced Type are to be found on the Map of Northern France. Places Printed in Small Capitals are to be found on the Map of the Environs of Paris.
Alsace, the most northeasterly of the provinces into which France "was divided until 1790, bordering on Germany and Switzerland. From 1790 to 187 1 it formed the two départements du Haut-Rhin and Bas-Rhin. It was the scène of the first opérations of the Franco- Prussian war and, at its conclusion, was ceded to Prussia with part of the adjacent province of Lorraine.
Ariadne, thefabled daughter of King Minos of Crète, who guided Theseus through the mazes of the labyrinth where the Minotaur dwelt.
AsNiERES, a suburban station on the Western of France railroad, on the left bank of the Seine, N. W. of Paris ; a favorite pleasure resort of Parisian holiday-makers.
Augusta of Saxe-Weimar, married (1829) King William I. of Prussia.
Aurelle de Palladines, 1804- 187 7, a French gênerai who distinguished himself in the Algerian campaigns, 1 841-1854.
AuTEUiL, southwesterly district of Paris.
Bapaume, in S. E. corner of the département du Pas-de-Calais, S. S. E. of Arras, in north of France.
Bar-le-Duc, chief-town of the département de la Meuse (E. of France), in the old province of Lorraine, on the direct road from the German frontier, and about 150 miles from Paris.
Bazaine, 181 1-1888, served in Algeria, and won his bâton de maréchal in the Mexican war (1864). His conduct throughout the Franco- Prussian war was suspicious. He withheld from his colleagues the assistance he might hâve aiforded them, and entrenched himself with an immense army within the walls of Metz, whence he doubtless expected to come out as the arbiter of the destinies of France^
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF PERSONS AND PLACES l8l
whether her other troops were beaten or victorious. The résistance of Paris and the necessity under which he found himself to surrender (October 27, 1870), foiled his plans. In 1873 he was courtmartialled and condemned to twenty years* imprisonment. He escaped from prison, August 9, 1874, and died in poverty at Madrid.
Belleville, the northeasteriy district of Paris, where most of the turbulent working population résides.
Bismarck, 18 15-1898, the "Iron Chancellor," rose through the force of his character and political ability, to the position of Prime Minister of Prussia (1864). Under his guidance, Pnissia obtained the supremacy over Austria and became head of the North German Confédération (1866), which the South German States joined in 187 1, thereby welding the whole into the German Empire. Bismarck was made Count after Sadowa(i866) and Prince after the Franco-Prussian war ( 187 1 ). He remained Impérial Chancellor till 1890, when his résignation was accepted by William II. From that time he lived in comparative retirement.
BouGiVAL, a favorite holiday resort of the Parisians, on the second loop of the Seine, W. of the city.
Boulogne (Bois de), the beautiful park adjoining Paris on the western side.
Bourget (le), N. E. of Paris.
Bourgogne, Burgundy, the eastem-central province of old France, covering the départements de la Côte-d*Or, de PYonne, de Saône-et- Loire, and de l*Ain, famous for its wines.
Bourse, the Paris Stock-Exchange, standing in a square caJled Place de la Bourse.
Bretagne, Brittany, the most western province of old France, comprising the départements de la Loire-Inférieure, d' 111 e-et- Vilaine, du Morbihan, des Côtes-du-Nord, and du Finistère.
Briche (la), the northernmost of the forts round Paris, beyond Saint- Denis.
BuzENVAL, village and park between Saint-Cloud and Bougival, W. of Paris.
Châlons-sur-Mame, chief-town of the département de la Marne, 100 miles E. of Paris.
Cham, died 1879, the well-known caricaturist of the comic paper the " Charivari," during the second Empire. His real name was Count
l82 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF PERSÔNS AND PLACES
Amédée de Noé. Note the play on the name : Cham was " fils deNoé" (Noah).
Champagne, Champaign, one of the northeastem provinces of old France, covering the départements de la Marne, de la Haute- Marne, de FAube, and des Ardennes, with fractions of a few others.
Champs-Elysées, the most beautiful thoroughfare of Paris, leading in a straight Une from the Place de la Concorde and the Tuileries Gardens to the Triumphal Arch, in a northwesterly direction.
Chanzy, 1823-1883, had distinguished himself in Algeria during the Empire, and was given first a command under Aurelle de Paladines in the army of the Loire (November, 1870), and later the leadership of the second army in the same district. He was hopelessly driven back from Orléans (December 7-9, 1870), and was unable to make any headway against the enemy. He was subsequently made Govemor of Algeria.
ChÂtillon, s. W. of Paris.
Choisy, on the Seine, 5 miles S. E. of Paris.
Clamart, s. W. of Paris.
Cologne, on the Rhine, chief-town of Rhenish Prussia.
Concorde ( Place de la), the finest open space in Paris, between the Tuileries Gardens, the Champs-Elysées, and the Seine. It is omamented with an obelisk, two monumental fountains, and numerous statues emblematic of the principal cities of France.
Corbeil, on the Seine, 20 miles S. of Paris.
CrÉteil, between the Marne and the Seine, 8 miles S. E. of Paris.
Dijon, chief-town of the département de la Côte-d'Or, in eastem-central France.
Douay (Abel), killed 1870, was in command of the division that was surprised and beaten at Wissembourg.
Ducrot, 1817-1882, was in command of one of the army-corps that surrendered at Sedan, but made his escape while temporarily unobserved at a railway station (the Germans claim he broke his parole), and fled to Paris, where he commanded the second army-corps, while Trochu was at the head of the first.
Duvemoy (Clément), Secretary of State for Commerce under the Second Empire.
Épemay, important town of the département de la Marne, west of Châlons, 85 miles E. of Paris.
Faidherbe, 18 18-1889, ^^^ won golden opinions as colonial govemor of Sénégal, West Africa, and was summoned by Gambetta to the command of the Northern army (November, 1870), but achieved little ornothing. Hé subsequently was made a senator and took an active part in politics until his death.
Favre (Jujes), 1809-1880, a lawyer of great réputation for ability and éloquence, consistently republican in his principles. At the fall of the Empire (September 4, 1870), he was made Foreign Secretary of State. His conduct of the negotiations with Bismarck marks the climax of his political career.
FerrièreSy in the département de Seine-et-Marne, 30 miles N. E. of Paris. Its fine old château, belonging to the Rothschild family, was used as the royal hea(}quarters of the Prussian staff, from September 18 to October 5, 1870. The interview between Bismarck and Jules Favre took place at this château September 19 and 20.
FoNTENAY-AUX-RosES, a beautiful village, 6 miles S. W. of Paris, near Sceaux.
Frédéric-Charles, nephew to King William of Prussia, commander-inchief of one of the invading army-corps.
Frœschwiller, on the river Sauer, in lower Alsace, where MacMahon was beaten, August 6, 1870.
Gambetta (Léon), 1838-1882, a Southern Frenchman of obscure parentage, rose from the bar to public notice by his fervid éloquence and violent republicanism. Elected to Parliament in 1869, ^^ ^^^ fall of the Empire, he was made Home Secretary. He left Paris in a balloon (October 7, 1870), to assume the conduct of affairs at Tours, where he displayed consummate ability. He was subsequently Président of the Chamber (1879) ^.nd Prime Minister (1881).
Gautier (Théophile), 1808-1872, celebrated prose-writer, poet, and art critic, for many years the standard-bearer of the so-called romantic school.
Gennevilliers, N. of Paris.
Gueymard (Mme. Pauline), a renowned French operatic singer.
Guillaume, 1797- 1888, William I., King of Prussia and (from January, 187 1) Emperor of Germany, grandfather to the présent emperor, WilUam II.
Havre (le), important seaport at the mouth of the river Seine, to which weekly steamers ply from New York.
Hugo (Victor), 1 802-1885, the greatest French lyric poet and novelist of the century. Being strongly opposed to Napoléon III., he was exiled from France and took refuge in Guemsey, where he wrote, among other works, les Châtiments^ Napoléon le Petite Histoire cTun Crime^ ail of them full of satire against the Emperor and his court. After the fall of the Empire, Hugo retumed to Paris, where he died at the âge of 83. He was buried in the Panthéon with great pomp and honor.
Laoïiy chief-town of the département de TAisne, 85 miles N. E. of Paris.
Laval, chief-town of the département de la Mayenne, 180 miles S. W. of Paris.
Lille, chief-town of the département du Nord, 150 miles N. of Paris.
Lorraine, one of the eastem provinces of old France, adjoining Alsace and forming, before 187 1, the three départements de la Meuse, de la Meurthe et de la Moselle. Part of the last two having been ceded to Germany after the war, what remains of them is now united into one département, under the name Meurthe et Moselle. The département de la Meuse remains unaltered.
Louis-Napoléon, 1 856-1 879, son of Napoléon III., killed in the Zulu war, while serving in the English ranks»
MacMahon, 1 808-1 893, a distinguished Algerian and Crimeàn gênerai. At the storming of the Tour Malakoff ( September 8, 1^5) he made his historical reply " J'y suis, j*y reste." In 1859, he was made Duc de Magenta for his victory over the Austrians in the Italian Campaign. He was unsuccessful against the Prussians and surrendered with Napoléon III. at Sedan (September 2, 1870). After the war he led the govemment troops which overcame the Commune in Paris (April and May, 1871). From 1873 to 1879 he was Président of the Republic, after which he retired into private life.
Mans (le), chief-town of the département de la Sarthe, 150 miles S. W. of Paris.
Marne, a tributary to the Seine, joining it a couple of miles S. £. of, and above, Paris.
Mayence, Mainz on the Rhine, chief-town of Rhenish Hesse, the nearest large German town to the Alsacian f rontier.
Mazas, the Paris prison for political offenders.
Meaux, in the northem part of the département de Seine et Marne, 27 miles N. E. of Paris.
Metz, chief-town of the old département de la Moselle (see under Lorraine), now Prussian. It was held and finally surrendered by Bazaine (October 27, 1870), with 173,000 men, 1,570 cannon, and 250,000 small arms of ail kinds.
Meudon, s. W. of Paris.
Mont Valerien, the strongest of the forts round Paris, due W. of the city.
Montauban (comte de Palikao), 1 796-1 878, had distinguished himself in the Chinese campaign by a victory at Palikao, whence his title.
Montmartre, the northem district of Paris, situated on high ground.
Montmirail, in the département de la Marne, 15 miles S. W. of Epemay, and 95 miles E. of Paris.
Montmorency, a popular suburban village on high-wooded ground, 10 miles N. of Paris.
MoNTRETOUT, north of Saint-Cloud, W. of Paris.
MoNTREUiL (-sous-Bois), renowed for its fruit, 5 miles E. of Paris.
Napoléon III., 1 808-1 873, Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte, nèphew of Napoléon I., and his heir after the death of Napoléon IL (the ** roi de Rome ") in 1832. After several unsuccessful attempts to reach the throne of France, he became emperor by the coup d'Etat of December 2, 1852, which transformed the Second Republic (1848-1852) into the Second Empire. His reign was marked, without, by the successful Algerian and Crimean campaigns, the partly unsuccessful Italian campaign to free Italy from Austria, and the whoUy unsuccessful attempt to seat Maximilian on the throne of Mexico ; within, by a superficial prosperity of France, covering much corruption, and growing to luxury. After Sedan, Napoléon III. was allowed to join the Empress at Chiselhurst, England, where he died January 9, 1873.
Nuremberg, in Bavaria, celebrated for its manufacture of children's toys.
Offenbach, 181 9-1 880, bom at Cologne but a résident in Paris from 1 833 till his death, was the inveritor of opéra-bouffe, and composer of " Orphée aux Enfers," " La Grande Duchesse de Gérolstein,*' etc.
Ollivier (EmOe), bom 1825, the French Prime Minister in 1870, who undertook the war *• d*un cœur léger." His cabinet f ell August 9th of the same year.
Pasddoup, died 1887, the founder and conductor of the classical concerts in Paris, now under the leadership of Lamoureux,
l86 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF PERSONS AND PLACES
Phalsbourg, fortified town of Lorraine, now in the département de Meurthe et Moselle, commanding the passes of the range of Vosges mountalns.
Picard (Ernest), bom 1821, an able lawyer and joumalist who had sat in the Chambre since 1858.
Potin, the owner of several large grocery stores in Paris under Napoléon III.
Régnault ( Henri ]f, 1 843-1 871, a very promising painter of the modem school, winner of the Grand Prix du Salon in 1866. His equestrian portrait of the Spanish Marshal Prim and his picture of Salome are his best known works.
Reichschoff en, in lower Alsace, adjoining Frœschwiller and Wœrth, where MacMahon was beaten (August 6, 1870) in spite of a magnifîcent charge of his cuirassiers.
Rliin. The river Rhine, until 1871, separated Alsace from the Grand Duchy of Baden, and therefore served as frontier-line between France and Germany from Basle to a point below Strasbourg. Since the loss of Alsace, no part of France borders on the Rhine.
Saint-Denis, N. of Paris.
Saint-Maur, s. E. of Paris, in the " boucle de la Marne."
Sarrebruck, in Rhenish Pnissia, close to the French frontier as it was in 1870.
Sass (Marie), a noted opéra singer.
Sayeme, in Alsace, 24 miles N. W. of Strasbourg.
Sedan, fortified town, 1 70 miles N. E. of Paris in the northwestem part of the département des Ardennes, close to the Belgian Frontier, where Napoléon III. surrendered (September 2, 1870), with 100,000 men and 550 cannon.
Semur, village of Burgundy, in the département de la Côte-d'Or, 45 miles N. W. of Dijon.
Simon (Jules), 181 4-1 896, a distinguished writer, philosopher andstates' man, who refused his aJlegiance to the Impérial Régime in 1852 and was in conséquence enthusiastically welcomed back to power in 1870. He was State Secretary for Education, 1 871 -1873, and from 1875 a member of the Senate.
Strasbourg, fortified frontier-town of Alsace, on the Rhine, was bravely defended by General Uhrich until September 28, 1870, when it
surrendered aftçr being shelled for 31 days. It was ceded to Germany with the rest of Alsace in 1871.
Thiers (Adolphe), 1 797-1 877, a distinguished historian and statesman. He had opposed the precipitate déclaration of war in 1870, and visited the courts of Europe to secure aid for France during the siège of Paris, and in March, 1871, conducted the peace negotiations at Versailles. By his skill in effecting the prompt payjnent of the war indemnity of 5,000 millions of francs he earned the title of libérateur du territoire. He was président of the French Republic from 1871 to 1873, when he retired into private life.
Touly fortified town, 15 miles W. of Nancy, now in the département de Meurthe et Moselle, surrendered September 23, 1870.
Touraine, one of the central provinces of old France, now the département d'Indre-et-Loire, with Tours for its chief-town.
Tours, on the Loire, chief-town of the département d'Indre-et-Loire, where the govemment held its sittings from the middle of September, 1 870, when Paris was threatened, till December çth, when it removed to Bordeaux for greater saf ety.
Trêves, in Rhenish Prussia, on the river Moselle, 40 miles from the N. W. frontier of France in 1870.
Trochu, 181 5-1896, had won great distinction in the Algerian campadgns, in the Crimea, and in Italy. He was commanding under MacMahon, in Eastem France, when summoned by the popular voice to the govemorship of Paris.
Vandales, one of the Germanie tribes that overran Gaul in 406 a. d., and spread their dévastations over the northern coasts of the Mediterranean.
Vendôme (Place), a fine Square in the centre of which stands the famous colonne Vendôme, and in which were the headquarters of the National Guard under the Empire.
Versailles, chief-town of the département de Seine-et-Oise, 15 miles S. W. of Paris. After the Franco- Prussian war, Versailles was the seat of the govemment during the suppression of the Communist rising, and for more than eight years afterwards (till November 27, 1879), in order that Parliament should be removed from the immédiate reach of Paris revolutionists.
Ville-d'Avray, a beautiful suburb S. W. of Paris.
ViLLEjuiF, 5 miles due S. of Paris.
l88 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF PERSONS AND PLACES
Villiers-sur-Marne, village and park, 8 miles £. of Paris, beyond tbe
Marne.
ViNCENNES, village, fort and wood E. of Paris. Vinoy, 1800- 1880, a French gênerai who was in charge of an army corps
which failed to join MacMahon before Sedan. By a skillful retreat
he succeeded in reaching Paris where he served under Trochu. Vitry, in S. E, part of the département de la Marne, 120 miles E. of
Paris.
Wissembourgy village in lower Alsace, where MacMahon's army was
beaten (August 4, 1870), and one of his gênerais, Abel Douay, was
killed.
Wœrth, a village in lower Alsace, adjoining Frœschwiller and Reich-
schoffen, where MacMahon was beaten (August 6, 1870).
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