DE
Page 23, line 29. —influait sur. /ufluer and influencer both mean 4
pren- to influence, but with énfluer the influence is sufficient only to modify,
while with influencer 1t is so strong as to sway and rule. Hence we say
here, Elle influait sur le bien-être, ‘it exerted an inflnence on...’ ; but swing Cette faction l’a influencé, That party has ruled his actions. your Page 24, iine 2. -dont les rêves eussent été. The ‘“ fever” di ther. is only brought forward in supposition, as if they hat taken a fever ; — LÉ.
hence the clause describing it must be in the subjunctive. IL, 231.
Page 24, line 13. —de ne plus se sentir. Both negatives ne...
hence is not
Ns pas, point rien, jamais, are usually placed before the infinitive, Cf. “à th his ne point troubler,” 24, 27. , art . ; . . à É Poe Page 24, line 16.—-avaient pris charge d'âme. Charge d’âmes : ‘ is an ecclesiastical term, cf, /{ a charge d'dmes, He has the cure of souls. fl S. Page 24, line 19. —à la débandade. Débandade (£.)and débander à y the English * disbanding,” ‘to disband.” Hence La débandade des troupes : \| lt :)
fut générate, * All the troops disbanded.” Since the breaking of the ranks occasions great confusion, the adverb phrase à la debandade = confusément et sans ordre, ‘ pell-mell.” With this instance of adverbial construction, cf, à lave Le blindly groping; à la hâte, hastily ; à dr comfor pi À ; à l'improviste, unexpectedly, ‘‘au plus pressé,” 32, 28. 275, 6
. 24, line %.—n'osaient remuer. The omission of pas is common with oser, bouger, cesser, importer, pouvoir, savoir, It may be inserted, however, “without any change of meaning beyond, at times, a slight emphasis. IT., 264, 1, a Cf, ‘‘n’osa pas,” 22, 27; ‘‘n’osant bouger,” 24, 13; ‘elle n'osait pas entrer,” 26, 11 ; “* les frères n'osaient pas se regarder,” 33, 12.
Page 24, line 24. sur leurs pointes sur la pointe des pieds, ‘ on tip-toes,” Distinguish ‘‘ pointe ” from point. Pointe]. sharp end: pointe d'une épée (sword), d'un clou (nail). 2. diminishing end : la pointe (peuk) d’une montagne ; la pointe des pieds, tip of the toes. ; la pointe du jour, the peep of dawn.
Point=1. puncture. 2. punctuation mark. 3. point (in geometry, point of view, etc.) 4. degree, state : à {el point, to such a degree ; Ses affaires sont en mauvais point, His business is in à bad way. 5. point, object of a discourse, etc. : C’est le poini principal de notre conversation, It is the principal point of our conversation ; ‘‘ un point de cette éducation,” 39, 28.
Page 25, line 1.—]le lendemain. ‘'lhe following dry. Distinguish from demain, to-morrow. So also ‘‘ la veille,” 26, 21, the day before, but avant-hier, yesterday.
Page 25, line 3.—faire la grasse matinée, ‘ to sleep late.’
Page 25, line 10. —un silence de farfadet. Literally, ‘ with an elfin silence "= ‘ as silently as an elf.”
Page 25. line 14. —fourneau à gaz. This construction is the same as referred to in 18, 6, note, but must be rendered by a word rather than a phrase—‘gas stove.” Cf, moulin à vapeur, etc., steam mill.
Page 25, line 18.—-g8i la petite....‘(What) if the little one....” Cf. ‘si c'était la fièvre,” 45, 30 ; ‘‘si elle allait s’ennuyer,”” 46, 20.
Page 25, line 27.— autant valait=1{ valait autant, —a common in. version with this phrase—‘it was just as well.”
Page 26, line 6.—puisqu'elle est....et que. Note that it is prefereble to use Es instead of re eating the conjunction. Of, ‘ lorsqu’ ils délibéraient....et qu’ Annibal contestait,” 39, 28.
Page 26, line de trois couverts. Le couvert=]1. la nappe (tablecloth), avec les assiettes, les cuillers, les serviettes (napkins) etc., hence, mettre (ôter) le couvert =set (clear) the table. But it also =2. l'assiette, le couteau, la serviette pour chaque personne ; hence ‘‘trois couverts.”
the de = rbial ily ; ” 32,
8 18 y be es, 4 sant vient
‘on end :
Joinle Jointe
etry, ; Ses joint, tion, duca-
Dis-
In translating, the arrangement of the phrase must be remodelled :— ‘Which had three chairs placed beside it, and which was set for three persons,’ eéc.
Page 27, line 1.—qu'elle reçût. Subjunctive after the doubtful question, and also after convenable. IL, 230, 229, Of. ‘fil ne serait pas convenable que nous te fruilions,” 24, 24,
Page 27, line 5.—peut-être trouverait-elle à se placer. For the inversion, cf. note to 1, 8. T'rouver, as used here, is an abbre-
viation of érouver le moyen (l’occasion) de. Hence render, ‘ might find an opportunity of....?
Page 27, line 11.—]la seule.. qu'elle pût. Subjunctive after the superlative in seule. IL., 232.
Page 27, line 21.—vieux à lui donner.... ‘Old enough to ... For the construction cf. laid à faire peur, fearfully ugly.
Page 27, line 26.—air 8i bêtement bons. For agreement see note to 54, 28.
Page 27, line 30.—rire aux éclats. Literally, ‘ to laugh in bursts,’ ‘to burst out laughing.”
Page 28, line 1. -qui venait de lui glisser. Venir de faire quelque chose =literally, ‘ to come from doing something, which we express as ‘to have just done.” This use of venir is found in the present and imperfect tenses. Render, ‘ who had just slippea.’
Page 98, line 2.—cette nuit. ‘Last night” English of the Elizabethan age used ‘this night’ with the same force as the French, but this sense has become obsolete,
Page 28, line 13.—on dirait du gâteau. ‘One would think it was (take it for) cake.” Cf. note to 13, 13.
Page 28, line 14.—c'est peut-être bien. Bien alds a touch of eraphasis. ‘ Perhaps it is...., 18 it, sir?’
Page 28, line 16.—tant mieux. ‘So much the better.” Cf. tant pis, so much the worse.
Page 28, line 25.—d’autant moins....que. D'autant, ‘by 80 much,’ cf. note to 3, 18; ‘the less 80....since.
Page 28, line 26.—arrivée de province. The syntax is similar to arriver d'Amérique, venir de France, etc. IT., 46, 3.
Page 29, line 7.—bien le bonjour. ‘A very good day to you ? (dismissing them).
Page 29, line 10.—craignit qu'elle ne se gâtât, ‘feared that she would spoil.” Expressions of fr require in clauses dependent on them the subjuctive and x, but Eng. does not require the negative. When the subordinate clause is really negative, both ne and pas must be expressed. Il., 264, 3, a.
Page 29, line 29. —plantes arrosées....des fakirs. The performer in this famous trick plants the seed in a little sand on a table (or in a flower-pot), waters it with a small watering-pot, and at different times discloses a mango tree (or rose-bush) to the sj;ectator in its several stages of growing, spreading, blossoming, and bearing fruit. Those interested in the explanation of this trick may consult The Supernatural ? by L. A. Weatherly, M.D., and J. N. Maskelyne.
Page 30, line 5.—-oh si. Note the use of si and not oui to contradict a negative statement or question, as the preceding, ‘‘ tu ne nous devras rien.”
Page 30, line 6.—je te prouverai que non. This use of que before oui and non is quite regular, and is à concise expression compared with English. Je te dis que oui, I tell you it is s0 ; Je parie que non, l’I bet it isn't so ; peut-être que oui, perhaps it is so, etc.
Page 30, line 10. — allée en classe—«llée à l’école.
Page 30, line 11.—il y a deux ans. The construction in Fr. is usually abbreviated,—‘‘ il y a deux ans depuis lors, depuis ce-temps-là,” ‘theoe are two years since then,’ —‘ two years ago.’
Page 3, line 13. —-qui faisait des confections. Faire la confection is a term from the dry-goods trade=faire des habillements à l'avance et par assortiment ; hence confection also means the garment so made. Hence render, ‘made ‘ready-made” clothes.”
Page 30, line 17.—t’entendre aux choses. S’entendre à une chose =la savoir bien faire ; hence, render, ‘to know....about housekeeping.’
Page 30, line 25.—prends garde à toi. ‘Look out for your laurels ?
Page 30, line 25.—cordon bleu. The cordon bleu primarily refers to the order of Knights of the Holy Ghost founded by Henry IIT. of France, in 1578. The cross of the order was attached to a wide skyblue ribbon worn like a baldric, from right to left. The order was an eminent one, so that the expression, c’est un cordon bleu, began to be used to signify that such and such à man is preeminent in rank or profession ; e. g., les cordons bleus du journalisme, the chief journalists. Especially is it applied to ‘a very clever cook,” as in the text,
Page 30, line 26. —elle lui rit au nez. Au nez=here simply en face, ‘“laughed in his face.”
Page 30, line 8.—mettre bien l'orthographe. This is one of commonest expression for ‘to write correctly.”
Page 31, line 33.—pour te rompre. Pour may be taken here as = de quoi, cf. ** Trois semaines, milord ! ah ! c’est pour en mourir,” Three weeks, my lord ! ah, that is enough to kill one (lit. ‘*that is whereof to die,””)— Boissy.
Page 31, line 7.—-rien qu’ à la regarder. Note this common
he per'ble (or fferent several
Those utural ?
to conne nous
> of que mpared non, l'Il
in Fr. is 1 9) mps-là,
e la conpnents à rment 80
‘e à une t house-
or your
ly refers y IIL of ide sky-
was an san to be
or protrnalists.
imply en is one of
here as ,” Three hereof to
common
use of rien que,—*merely looking at her,” ('f. ‘‘rieu qu'avec les revenus courants,” 48, 5.
Page 31, line 33.—veux-tu bien descendre. This imperative use of vouloir corresponds to the English, ‘ Will you....’; bien emphasises the command. Render, ‘ Now 4/o come down.’
Page, 31, line 33.—pour te rompre. Understand c’est assez ( pour te rompre le cou).
Page 392, line 2.—c'était d'un malpropre. Constructions of this kind are abbreviated ones. In full ‘* C’était d’un malpropre affreux (extraordinaire, etc.”)
Page 32, line 13.—à portée de la main. Porté is ‘the distance à weapon will ‘carry.’” Hence à portée de—‘within range (reach).
Page 32, line 28.—au plus pressé, ‘in the greatest haste.?
Page 83, line 6.—se l'essayer. Sc is indirect ; ‘try it on (herselt).’
Page 33, line 13.—tenait du rêve. Tenir, in this sense, = participer. Render, ‘ partook of the nature of (or, * was akin to’) a dream.’
Page 33, line 16.—c'était....ce qui lui arrivait. The regular order would be ‘ce qui lui arrivait....c'était....” The plemastic ce in “c'était,” is not essential in the regular construction, but is necessary
in the inverted order. Cf. II., 120, 2.
Page 33, line 17.—en même temps=à {a fois = ensemble.
Page 33, line 25.— à la bonne heure! A very common expression of commendation, which must be rendered freely in English. ‘ Well and good,” ‘that's right.”
Page 33, line 30.—-C'est entendu. Literally, ‘That is understood.” The phrase—often shortened to entendu simply--corresponds exactly to the English ‘ of course.’
Page 34, line l.— cette débandade d'atelier. See 24, 19, note. The construction 1s the same as in ceite queuse de fièvre, that rascally fever; ce voquin de domestique, that rogue of a servant. Render, “that disorganized workshop.”
Page 34, line 3.—du haut de sa tête--de toute sa force, ‘ with all his might.”
Page 34, line 9.—leur fut radieuse. ‘‘Leur,” ‘for them.’
Page 34, line 20.—à s’emplir. Constructions of à+infinitive are often-—to English ünperfect participles. Cf. {est à écrire (pop.), He is writing. Render, therefore, ‘he remained there feasting’ (literally, ‘“filling”), ec.
Page 34, line 23.—jusqu'au cou. Jusque, with expression of place, has often the force of ‘up,’ ‘quite’ :—‘// est venu jusqu'au bateau,’ Ha
ne Lou
came quite up to the boat. With à + expression of time it often = ‘till’ : — Restez jusqu'à demain, Stay till to-morrow. Often it has no corresponding word in English de Montréal jusqu'à Toronto, from Montreal to Toronto.
Page 34, line 32.— quel crime .. que ces abandons. re is used in Fr, emphatic sentences very much as ‘to be” is in Eng. The simple sentence, Louis est un habile homme, Louis is a clever inan, becomes when emphatic, C'est un habile homme que Louis. He is a clever man is Louis. So Quelle belle ville que l'oronto, What a beautiful city Toronto is. Hence rendering freely, ‘ what a social crime it is to abandon.” This que (+de) is used even before infinitives, cf. note to 14, 7. ‘ Cela lui irradiait l’ame....que de contempler là,” 35, 13.
Page 35, line 3.—battre les pavés, ‘scour the streets.” The phrase battre le pawvé is the proverbial expression in French for ‘ wander-
ing about the streets, homeless.”
Page 35, line 10.—au plus fort de sa misère. The adjective fort as a noun has various meanings, all of which are akin:—1. 77 s’enfonça dans le fort du bois, He buried himself in the thickest part of the wood, 2, La musique est son fort, Music is her forte. 3. Dans ie fort de l'hiver, In the depth of winter ; au fort de la tempête, in the heïght of the storm. Follow this last sense and render, ‘in the depth of her misery
Page 35, line 18.—meurt-de-faim, or meurt de faim. A recent coinage—* a starving person,’ ‘starveling ” (also ‘idler ?).
Page 35, line 19.—ne tenait qu’à un fil. Lit ‘held only by a thread ?= ‘was only basted.’
Page 35, line 21.—qu Annibal avait payé. Note the construction with payer, English ‘ pay for.”
Page 35, line 23.—cuisine sérieuse....faite. Faire la cuisine is to cook, prepare meals. Hence render, ‘the important meal that he
had prepared ?
Page 35, line 26,—$ge laisser faire. Se laisser+simple infinitive of a transitive verb corresponds to the Eng. ‘‘suffer, allow one’s self ” + perfect infinitive : Z{ s'est laissé entraîner à ce dépens, He allowed himself to be hurried into that expense. Render, ‘to let things be done for her.”
Page 35, line 30.—les plaisirs du dimanche, etc. We have here à genuine touch of Paris life, where Sunday, in fine weather, is the signal for a general flight to the suburbs and neighboring towns. Saint Cloud is a little town of some five thousand inhabitants, situated on the Seme a few miles below Paris. Its chief charm lies in the park, where beautiful fountains play on the second Sunday of each month. Passing Sèvres, with its celebrated porcelain factory, we reach Meudon. a town somewhat larger than St. Cloud. Situated on a hi'-side, Meudon affords sites for beautiful villas with a vista of Paris ;:n the distance. Its gardens and wood are famous. Ver-
111” :— spondreal to
Que 18 . The r nan, \ clever ul city o abano l4, 7.
.) The wander-
djective
Il s’ent of the 8 ie fort e he'ght h of ner
\ recent
nly by a onstruc-
cuisine 18 that he
nfinitive ’s self ” allowed hings be
Ve have er, is the towns.
nts, situes in the of each ory; we Situated a vista
Ver-
sailles (50,000) lies to the southwest of Paris at a distance of about ten miles. The town was fhunded by Louis XIV., who constructed a palace and park at an incredible cost of money ‘and life. In the palace are immense picture galleries, containing many works of transcendent merit. ‘lhe gardens are in accordance with the spirit of the seventeenth century—nature reduced to geometry ; the playing of the fountains on Sundays attracts immense crowds from Paris.
Page 36, line 2. -jouer. à. The constructions with jouer are— 1. With games, jouer à: jouer à la paume, to play tennis ; jouer aux échecs, to play chess ; jouer aux cartes, to play cards. 2. With musical instruments, jouer de. : jouer du violon, de la flute, etc.
Page 36, line 2—-pigeon-vole. A children’s game, in which one of the players raises his tinger saying: Pigeon vole (pigeon flies), and then substituting for the ward pigeon any other word that occurs to him ; if the object designated by the speaker really does fly, all the players must raise their tinger, and keep it down in the contrary case.
If any error is made, the otfender must pay a forfeit. — Larousse, * Dict. du xixre siècle.”
Page 36, line 12.—servirai de mère. ‘Serve as a mother.’ IT., 55, 3.
Page 36, line 13,—c'est moi la femme de ménage. A contraction for ‘‘c’est moi qui suis la feinme de ménage.” See notes to 14, 7, and 36, 16.
Page 36, line 16.—C'est ça qui. C’est....qui (que) for emphassi (cf. note to 14, 7.) Render, ‘ Woulün’t ‘that (ie., calling Scipio ‘ Maman ”) be funny.”
Page 36, line 19.—ca ne me va pas. This use of aller is coiloquial— — plaire, étre agréable,
Page 37, line 5. -par pitié. ‘Out of pity.” So par honneur, from a sense vf honor ; par dépit, out of spite.
Page 338, line 2.—n°. Contraction of numéro. Cf. nate to 15. !.
Page 38, line 5.—C'est que. ‘That was because,’ ‘the reason for that was.”
Page 38, line 17.—de partout=de tous côtés, ‘on all sides,’ ‘in every direction.’
Page 35, line 25. à opportunité. Not ‘ opportunity," but ‘oppor: tunencs:,” ‘ fitness.’ Opportunité is sometimes used for ‘opportunity, but the usual word is occasion : J'ai trouvé l'occasion de vous montrer ma
reconnaissance, L have found an opportunity of showing my gratitude.
Page 39, line 23—Du reste—au reste, d'ailleurs, cependant, but, “howevc ‘ver,’ ‘nevertheless.”
re mp ES Arme à -
| 4 Page 40, line 5. marche sur ses quinze, i.e., sur ses quinze
| ans,—" approaches one’s fifteenth year.”
y | || Page 40, line 28. —-yoire même que. Poire [Lat. vere, truly] is an adlverb, familiarly used for née, vraiment. It is frequently joined, as
here, to méme. ‘ Render, ‘nay, it was even.”
1 Page 41, line 11.—poudre de riz,‘rice powder, —a common | powder for the face, || Page 41, line 27.—8e faire donner la becquée. Donner la 1h becquée is used of birds, literally, ‘to give the bill-full, —"‘to feed.” Cf. | Il se fait raser with the English ‘ He has himself shaved,’ and we see RER | that faire +infinitive corresponds to the nglish ‘to have” (some- 4: ;:PR thing)+the past participle. Hence render, ‘to have herself fed”? or : Pi ‘her wants supplied.” Page 41, line 32.—ce serait dommage. Dommage = 1. ‘ damage.—Lu grèle a fait beaucoup de dommage, Vhe haïil has done great damage ; 2. ‘ pity ” in such expressions as C’est dommage, It is a pity, etc.
Page 41, line 33.—Ies façons d'apprécier de Scipion. ‘She had caught Scipio’s w…, of looking at things.” Page 42, line 5. —elle faillit s'évanouir. Faillir, to fail, is frell | quently used with a following infinitive in the sense of ‘to come near? MU: (doing, etc.) So, J'ai failli oublivr vos commissions, I came near forgetll { ing your commissions ; ZE @ fuilli mourir, He was at the point of death. NE Render ‘ she nearly fainted.” Cf. ‘Ils faillirent la perdre,” 43, 4. Page 42, line 20.—de meilleur cœur. Cf. de bon cœur, willingly, readily ; de tout mon cœur, With all my heart; à contre cœur, unwillingly.
Page 43, line 3. —fit une maladie. faire une maladie — subir une maladie, to suffer (undergo) sickness.
Page 43, line 6. —manqua de s'effondrer. Manquer + de with an infinitive — faillir (cf, note to 42, 5), étre sur le point de. So Il a manqué de tomber, He came near falling.
Page 43, line 24 —florissante. Note that the participle forissant
is used in speaking of persons, towns, etc. This participle and the corresponding imperfect are the only remains of the old verb forir. Cf.
| } | FR fleurir, IL, 199, 20. h l VIL.
Page 44, line 23—Salon. This exhibition of paintings, which is held annually in Paris, owed its foundation, in 1667, to Louis XIV., i acting on tie advice of his minister Colbert. It brings together thou ; 3 sands of paintings of native and foreign artists, attracted by the renown
conferred by its prizes and medals. Cf. 45, 8. AE Page 44, line 23.—John Russel. ‘ An English portrait painter, chietly in crayons, was born at Guildford in 1744. He was à pupil of
Francis Cntes, whose manner he followed, and his portraits are not in-
quinze
is an ed, as
)»mmon
aner la ! Cf.
we see (somefed” or
‘dame great nty, elc.
sr * She
il, is fre-
ne near ?
r forget-
of death.
ilingly, nilingly.
subir une
de with So LL a
florissant the corrir. C£.
which is is XIV., her thou e renowh
painter, pupil of e not in-
ferior to those of Cotes, though somewhat florid in color. Time and dust have destroyed à great many.... In 1788 he was elected an R.A. and died in 1806.”—Bryan-Stanley, ‘ Dictionary of Painters.” |
Page 44, line 23.—fille aux cerises. ‘Cherry girl.” Note the form of the French adjective phrase, —à@ with any distinguishing attribute ; while (/e introduces the phrase denoting the material. Cf. 18, 6 note, and 25, 14 note ; ‘‘tasse....aux dessins,” and ‘‘tasses de porce- RS 45, 1 ; also ‘‘ armoire à glace,” 48, 12; ‘‘oflicier à la retraite, ”?
Page 44, line 25. -laissait à désirer, ‘left something to be desired.?
‘Page 44, line 28.—à la fois=en même temps.
Page 45, line 6. —ce qu'elle aura fait. The future tense here denotes only probability. [L., 226, ‘ what she may have done.’
Fee 45, line 7.—c'est qu'elle a du talent. ‘I tell you she has ent !
Page 45, line 10.--elle vous à. This use of the personal pronoun for the purpose of giving vivacity to the expression is rather frequent in French, but almost obsolete in English. In Shakspeare we frequently meetit; cf. ‘I heard thee speak 7» a speech once,” Hamlet, ii. 2, 438. The effect of this ethical dative may be expressed by à sentence beginning with ‘I tell you,’ or by turning the text into the form of a question.
Page 45, line 15.—summum. This is part of the common Latin expression—summum bonum, the highest good. Render ‘the acme.?
Page 45, line 29.—voilà que. The force of this phrase will be understood best from the point of view of the primary mearing of voilà — vois là, see there. Hence La voilà qui gronde-literally, See her there scolding. Hence render here, ‘see how her....?? |
. Page 46, line 10.—manger du bout des lèvres. ‘ Pretend ing to eat.” Of. Elle rit du bout des lèvres, she pretends to laugh.
