IS
arrivée, /. arrivai.
arriver, arrive, come out,
happen, occur; — à (itnth
dot, of subject)y go so far
as to.
arrogant, arrogant, haughty.
arrondissement, m, district,
ward.
articuler, articulate, utter.
ascension, /. ascent.
assagir, make wise, steady.
assaut, m. assault.
assembler, assemble, assentiment, m. assent, consent.
asseoir, seat, set, place; s' — ,
sit down.
assez, enough, rather, very.
assise, /. course, stratum. « assister à, be présent at. associé, in partnership with.
associer, link together; s' —
à, accept, join.
assombrir (s'), darken.
assouplissement, m. limber-
ing up.
assourdi, muffled, deadened.
assurer, assure, inform; s' — ,
assure one's self, assurément, assuredly, cer-
tainly.
atelier, m. shop.
attaché, m. attaché, attacher, attach, tie, fix.
attardé, belated.
atteindre, attaîn, reach, strike.
atteinte, stricken down,
reached.
attendre, wait, await; s' —
a, cxpect*
attendri, -«, softened, tender.
attendrir, soften, move.
attendrissement, m, émotion, feeling.
attente, /. expectation.
attenti-f, -ve, attentive.
atténuer, attenuate, soften.
attirer, draw, draw forward, draw toward, attract.
attitude, /. attitude.
attrait, m: attraction.
attrister (s'), be saddened.
auȈ le, at the, in the, to the, by the, on the.
aube, /. dawn.
auberge, /. inn.
aucun, -e, any, not any, no.
audacieux, audacious, bold.
au-dessous, below, beneath.
au-dessus, above, over.
augmenter, augment, increase.
aujourd'hui, to-day, now.
aumône, /. alms, charity.
auprès, near, with, in the estimation of, against.
auquel, auxquels, etc. -à lequel, etc.
aussi, also, so then, as.
aussitôt, îmmediately, forthwith.
autant, as much, so much; d' — plus, the more because, more particularly because.
automne, m. autumn.
autorisation, /. authorisation, permission.
autoriser, authorise.
autoritaire, authoritative.
VOCABULARY
autorité, /. authority.
autour de, around, about.
autre, other, différent; nous, vous, — s, we, you (emphatic).
autrefois, formerly.
autrement, otherwise, differently, much more.
Autriche,/. Austria.
avance, /. advances, attentions; à V — , beforehand.
avancé, well along.
avancer, advance, hold out; move forward, push forward; s* — , advance.
avant de, before; en — , forward, ahead.
avantage, m, advantage.
avec, with, toward.
avenant, attractive.
avenir, m. future, promise.
avenue, /. avenue, (shaded) road, drive.
averse, /. shower.
aversion, /. aversion, dislike.
avertir, warn, inform, notify,
avis, m, opinion, advice.
avocat, m. advocate, lawyer.
avoir, hâve, take, make (a ge5ture)\ il y a, there is, there are; il y avait, there was, there were; — beau répondre, answer to no purpose; qu'a tu donc, what is the matter with you?
avouer, avow, confess, profess.
avril, w. April.
bagage, m. baggage.
bahl oh pshaw! you don't
mean it! baigner, bathe.
baiser, m, kiss.
baiser, v. to kiss.
baisser, lower, descend; se — ,
bend, lower, drop, descend, bal, m. bail, dance.
balancement, m, balancing.
balancer, sway.
balançoire, /. swing board,
"teeter." balayer, sweep.
balcon, m. balcony.
baliveau, m. sapling.
bc^^al, -e, common-place.
banalité,/, common-place.
banc, m. bench, pew.
bande, /. band, strip.
bandeau, m. fillet; pi. ^x, en
— X {pf the hair)f covering
the ears.
bandelette, /. fillet, hair rib-
bon.
barbe,/, beard.
barbiche, /. chin beard.
barque, /. bark, vessel.
barrage, m. barrier.
barrer, cross, bar.
barrière, /. bar, barrier, stile.
bas, m. lower part; en — , be-
low.
bas, -se, low, in a low tone,
mean; au — de, at the
foot of; tout — , in a low
tone.
Basse-Alsace, Lower Alsace,
VOCABULARY
î.e. Northern Alsace. StrasS'-
burg is the principal city.
bataille, /. battle.
batailleu-r, -se, quarrelsome,
pugnacious.
bataillon, m. bataillon, batelier, m. boatman.
bâtiment, m. building, bâtir, bnÛd.
battement, m. quivering.
battre, beat; se — , fight.
battu, beaten, trodden;
fought.
bavarder, babble, gossip.
bavarois, Bavarian.
beau, bel, belle, beautiful,
fine; avoir — , in vain.
beaucoup, much, a great
deal.
beau-frère, m. brother-in-
law; père, father-in-
law.
beauté, /. beauty.
bécassine,/, snipe.
belle, see beau, bénir, bless.
bénitier, m. holy-water fount.
Berlin, Berlin, capital of Ger-
many.
berlinois, adj. formed from
Berlin, besoin, m, need, necessity.
bête, /. animal, beast.
bibliothèque,/, library, book-
case.
bicyclette,/, bicycle.
bien, m. welfare, good.
bien, well, indeed, very,
many, of course; — que,
although; eh — I well! ou
— , or if not; c'est — , that
will do.
bien-aimée, well-beloved,
dear.
bientôt, soon; à — , see you
again soon.
billard, m, billiards.
billet, m. ticket.
bis^eul, m. great-grandfather.
blâmer, blâme, blanc, -he, white, unpainted.
blancheur, whîteness.
blé, m. wheat, grain.
blesser, wound, offend.
blessure, /. wound.
bleu, m. blue; — de ciel, sky-
blue.
bleu, -e, blue.
blond, -e, blond. boire, drink.
bois, m. wood, woods, saw-
logs.
boisé, -e, wooded.
boiter, limp.
bomber, round out.
bon, -ne, good.
bonheur, m. happiness.
bonhomie, /. simplicity.
bonhomme, m, old codger,
old chap.
bonjour, good day.
bonsoir, good evening.
bord, m. border, edge, side.
bordeaux, m. Bordeaux wine.
border, border, bordure, /. border, borné, limited, narrow-mind-
éd.
botte, /. boot.
bouche, /. mouth, lips.
âi8
VOCABULARY
bouffée, /. puff, gust, whiff.
bouger, budge, move.
bougie, /. candie.
bouillir, boil.
boule, /. bail.
bouquet, m, bunch, cluster,
basket, clump, grove.
bourg, m. burg, village.
bourgeois, m. -e, /. middle-
class man, plain, common
man.
bourrelet, m, mat, pad.
bout, m. end, lower end, tip.
bouteille, /. bottle.
boutique, /. booth, shop,
store, bouton, m. button, knob.
boutonnière, /. buttonhole.
branche, /. branch.
braconnier, m. poacher.
bras, m. arm.
bravade, /. bravade, brave, brave, honest, kind,
good.
braver, brave, defy.
bravo, hurrah! (for), well
donel bravoure,/, bravery, courage.
break, m, break {carriage), brebis, m. sheep.
bref, brève, brief.
brider, bridle, curb, draw.
brigadier, m, corporal (of caih
alry), brique, /. brick.
briser, break» break off , break
down.
broder, embroîder.
brosseur, m, orderly.
brouillard, m, fog, mist.
broussaille(s),/. brushwood.
broussailleux, bushy.
bruit, m. noise, sound, dis-
turbance, talk.
brûler, burn.
brume, /. mist.
brumeux, misty, hazy, brun, -e, brown.
brusquement, brusquely, sud-
denly.
brutal, pi, brutaux, brutal,
churlish.
bruyère, /. heath, heather.
bûcheron, m, wood-chopper.
buis, m, box-wood.
buisson, m, bush.
bureau, m. office, desk.
bureaucrate, m, bureaucrat,
red-tapist.
buse, /. buzzard.
buste, m, bust, head and
shoulders.
but, m, goal, aim.
butter, stumble.
c*, ç'-ce.
ça, hère.
ça -cela, cabane, /. cabin; — de guet,
watchman's cabin.
cabaret, m. wine-shop, tavern.
cabinet, m. cabinet, study; —
de travail, office.
cacher, hide.
cacheter, seal.
cadre, m. frame.
café, m. coffee, coffee bouse»
café.
VOCABULARY
cailloux, m. pebble, stone; — du Rliin, rhinestone.
câlin, coaxing.
calme, calm.
calmer, calm, steady;
calomnier, calumniate, slander.
camarade, m. or /. comrade, chum, friend.
camaraderie, /. comradeship.
campagne, /. country, fields.
canapé, m. lounge, sofa.
candidat, m. candidate.
canne,/, cane.
cap, m. cape, promontory.
capable, capable, likely to.
capital, -e, capital, of suprême importance.
car, for.
carabine, /. carbine, rifle.
caractère, m. character.
carême, m. Lent.
caresser, caress, stroke.
carnet, m. notebook.
carré, -e, square.
carrière, /. career.
carriole, /. carryall, covered carriage.
carrossable, passable for carriage.
carte,/, map, card.
cas, m. case; en tout — , in any case, anyhow.
caserne,/, barracks.
casque, /. helmet.
casquette, /. cap.
cassure, /. break, fold.
cataloguer, catalogue.
catégorie, /. category, kind, sort.
Caucase, m, the Caucasus
moun tains.
cause, /. cause; à — de, be-
cause of; être en — , con-
cemed, involved.
causer, chat, converse, cause.
causerie,/, chat, cavalerie, /. cavalry.
cavalier, m. horseman.
ce, cet, cette, ces, adj. this,
that, thèse, those;ce . . . -là,
that, that sort; ce . . . -ci,
this {emphatic).
ce, pron. this, that, it; — qui,
nom.; — que, ace, that
which, what.
céder, yield.
ceinture, /. sash, girdle.
cela, that; c'est — , that's it,
that's right.
célébrer, celebrate, extol.
cellier, m, cellar, store-
room.
celui, celle, ceux, celles, he,
him, she, her, etc., this one,
that one, thèse, those, the
one, the ones; — -ci, this
one, the latter; ^lâ, that
one, the former, censé, supposed, considered.
cent, one hundred.
centaine, /. hundred, five
score, cependant, meanwhile, how-
ever, nevertheless.
cercle, m. circle.
cerisier, m. cherry tree.
cerné, -e, surroxmded.
certain, -e, certain.
certainement, certainly.
VOCABULARY
certitude, certitude, certain-
ty.
cesse, /. ceasing; sans — , con-
tinually.
cesser, cease.
ceux, see celtd.
chacun, -e, each.
chagrin, m. grief, sorrow, vexation; se faire du — , worry.
chaîne, /. chain.
chair, /. flesh.
chaise, /. chair.
chamhre, /. chamber, room;
valet de ---, valet.
champ, m. field.
champignon, m. mushroom.
chance, /. luck. chanceler, totter.
change, m. exchange, wrong
scent; donner le — , put on
the wrong track.
changer de, change, changement, m. change.
chanson, /. song.
chant, m. song, singing.
chanter, chant, sing.
chantier, m. lumber-yard,
work-yard.
chapeau, m. hat; pi. -z.
chapelet, m. chaplet, string
of beads.
chapelle, /. chapel.
chaque, each, every.
charge, /. load, burden,
office.
charger, load, put^ charge
with; se — de, take upon
one*s self.
chariot, m. wagon, cart.
charitable, charitable.
charmant, charming.
charme, m, charm.
charnu, plump, thick, fleshy.
charretière (porte) y/, wagon-
gâte.
charrue, /. plow.
châsse, /. shrine.
chasse, /. hunting, hunt.
chasser, drive out.
chasseur, m. hunter.
château, m. castle, mansion. chaud, hot; faire — , be hot.
chauffer, warm; se — , warm
one*s self.
chef, m. head, superior, chief ;
— d'industrie, cap tain of
industry.
chemin, m. way, road; — de
fer, rail way; — de traverse,
cross-road.
cheminée, /. chimney, fire-
place.
chemise, /. shirt, chemise.
chêne, m. oak.
cher, chère, dear.
chercher, seek, get.
chéri dear, darling; mon — ,
my dear boy; ma chérie,
my dear girl, frîend.
cheval, m. horse, pi. chevaux;
â — , on horseback.
chevelure, {head of) hair,
tresses.
cheveux, pi. of cheveu, m.
hair.
chèvre-feuiUe, m. honey-
suckle.
chevreuil, m. roebuck,^ roe.
chevron, m. rafter, scantling.
chez, at, among, in, with, on
the part of , at the home of ;
— moi, in my own house.
chic, natty.
chiffre, /. figure, reckoning.
choc, m. shock, blow.
choisir, choose.
chose,/, thing.
chute, /. fall.
cicéroner, guide, ciel, m. heaven, sky.
cil, m. eyelash.
cime, /. summit, top.
cinq, five.
cinquante, fifty.
cinquantaine, some fifty.
circonscription, /. électoral
district, precinct.
circonstance,/, circumstance.
cire,/, wax.
ciselé, chiseled, carved.
civil, m. civilian; en --, in
civilian dress.
civilisation, /. civilisation.
clair, -e, light-colored, clear,
bright (of weather).
clairière, /. clearing, opening,
bald spot, clairon, m. clarion, trumpet.
claire-voie, /. lattice work.
clairvoyance, /. clairvoyance,
clear-sightedness. clairvoyant, clear-sighted,
sharp.
clameur, /. clamor.
classer, class, classify.
classique, classical.
clef, /. key.
client, m. customer.
clientèle, /. patronage, class
of customers. .
clignement, m, winking, wink.
cliquetis, m, clanking, rat-
tling.
cloche, /. bell.
clocher, m, steeple, bell-tower.
clos, -e, close, clouer, nail.
cocher, m. coachman, driver.
cœur, m. heart.
coiffe,/, head-dress.
coiffer, coif wear on the
head.
coin, m. corner, col, m, pass, collar.
colère, /. anger, wrath.
collaboration,/, collaboration.
collationer, compare, collate.
collège, m. municipal collège,
grammar-school, high-school,
see lycée, collet, m. cape.
colline, /. hiU.
colonie,/, colony.
colorer, color.
colossal, colossal, gigantic. combat, m. combat, action.
combe,/, valley.
combien, I^ow much, how
many.
combinaison, /. combination,
plan, scheme.
combiner, combine, contrive.
combler, overwhelm, fill in.
commandant, m. major (a^
proximately) .
commandement, m. com-
mand, authority.
commander, command, order,
speak for; — ^n second,
to bç second in command.
VOCABULARY
comme, as, as if, like, how, since.
commencer, commence.
comjnent, excl. whatl adv.
how.
commerce, m. commerce.
commercial, -e, commercial.
comjnettre, commit.
communication, /. communication {hy téléphone or telegraph).
communiquer, communicate.
compagne, /. companion; — de jeux, playmate.
compagnie,/, company.
compagnon, m. companion;
— de route, traveling-companion, fellow-tra vêler.
comparaison, /. comparison.
comparer, compare.
compartiment, m. compartment.
compensation, /. compensation; en — de, in return for.
complètement, completely, fully.
compléter, complète, supplément.
complicité,/, complicity, participation.
composer, compose, make up.
comprendre, understand, comprehend.
compromis, m. compromise.
compte, m. account; à notre
- -, for us; rendre — , verif y, see, render an account; tenir — , keep account of , pay attention to.
compter, count, count upon,
expect.
comte, m. count.
concession, /. concession,
weakness, yielding.
concierge, m. porter, janitor.
conclure, conclude.
condamnation, /. condemna-
tion.
condanmer, condemn.
condition, /. condition, conduire, conduct, lead, take.
conduite,/, conduct, running;
faire la — , act as escort.
confiance, /. confidence, trust.
confidence, /. confidence, secret.
confident, m, ^onfidant.
confier, confide, entrust.
conforme, conformable.
confort, m, comfort.
confortable, comf or table, confusément, confusedly,
dimly.
congé, m. leave of absence.
connaissance, /. acquaint-
ance.
connaître, know, beacquainted
with, leam.
conquérant, m. conqueror. conquérir, conquer.
conquête,/, conquest.
consacrer, consecrate, dedi-
cate.
conscience, /. conscience, conseil, m, counsel, ad vice,
adviser.
conseiller, m. counselor.
conseiller, counsel, advise.
cpnse^tçQiçiit, m, consent.
VOCABULARY
consentir, consent.
conserver, préserve, keep, retain.
considérablement, considerably, very materially.
considérer, consider, study.
consister à, consist in.
constamment, constantly.
constater, verify, ascertain.
construite, constructed.
consulter, consult.
contempler, contemplate.
contenance, /. countenance, bearing, face.
content, pleased, happy.
continuation, /. continuation.
continuer, continue.
contourner, go around, circle.
contracter, convulsé, contract.
contradiction, /. contradiction, opposition.
contraindre, constrain.
contrainte, /. constraint.
contraire, m, opposite; au — , on the contrary, quite the contrary.
contrairement, contrary.
contrarier, go counter to, thwart, oppose.
contrat, m. contract.
contravention, /. infraction (0/ law).
contre, against, upon, to, in return for.
contrebandier, m. smuggler.
contrée, /. country, région.
contrefort, m. buttress.
contrem^tre, m. foreman.
contrevent, m. blind, shutter.
convenir, fit, suit, agrée upon.
convention, /. conventional-
ity.
conversation,/, conversation.
conviction, /. conviction.
convive, m. guest (a/ table), coque, /. shell, knot, bow.
cordialité, /. cordiality.
cordon, m. cord.
corolle, /. corolla.
corporel, -le, corporeal, bodily.
corps, m, body, form, corps,
army.
correction, /. correctness,
fastidiousness.
corridor, m. corridor, hall.
corsage, m. corsage, body of
a dress, waist.
costume, m. costume; — de
marche, walking costume;
— de chasse, hunting
costume.
côte, /. rib, side; — à — , side
by side.
côté, m. side, characteristîc,
part; du — de, from, in
the direction of , on the side
of.
côtoyer, skirt, run alongside. cou, m. neck.
coucher, set, lie, lay down,
put to bed; se — , go to bed.
coucou, m. cuckoo, cuckoo
clock.
coude, m. elbow.
coudre, sew.
coulant, flowing, gliding, easy.
cotiler, slip, glide, flow, slide.
couleur, /. color.
couloir, m. passage way, hall.
VOCABiJLARY
coup, m. blow, shot, stroke;
— d'œil, glance; tout à —,
suddenly; — de feu, shot.
coupable, culpable, guilty.
coupe, /. cup; cutting; — de
bois, timber lot.
coupé, m. coupé, brougham.
couper, eut; — au plus court,
eut short, take as short a
eut as possible.
cour, /. eourt, courtyard.
courant, m, eurrent, run,
working; mettre au — , in-
form, explain.
courbe, /. curve.
courber, curve, bend.
coureur,/, runner, tra vêler, courir, run, hast en, travel.
couronne,/, crown, wreath.
courrier, m. mail.
course, /. trip, run; prendre
ta — , start on the run,
make a run for it.
court, -e, short, coûter, eost; en — , cost an
effort, be painful.
coutume, /. custom; de — ,
usual.
couvent, m. convent.
couvert, m. cover.
couverture, /. lap robe,
blanket.
couvrir, eover.
craindre, fear.
crainte, /. fear.
crayon, m. peneil.
crête, /. erest.
creuser, groove, deepen,
make, form.
cri, m, ery.
crier, ery out, eruneh, creak.
crise, /. erisis, attack; moment de — , erucial moment.
crisper, set, work, cleneh.
cristal, m. erystal.
crochet, m. hook, latch.
croire, believe, think; croismoi, eome now.
croiser, meet, fold; cross.
crosse,/, erozier {of bishops).
croupe,/, brow (of a hill),
cruauté,/, cruel ty.
cueillir, colleet, gather.
cuir, m. leather.
cuirassier, m. cuirassier, cavalryman wearing breastplate or cuirass.
cuivre, m. copper.
curieusement, euriously, inquisitively.
curieu -x, -se, curîous, interesting.
curiosité,/, curîosity.
damier, m. checker-board.
danger, m, danger, dangereu-z, -se, dangerous.
dans, in, into, within, among,
on, through, to, from.
danser, dance; faire — , dance
with.
date,/, date.
dater, date, dauphin, m, dolphin.
davantage, more, further;
pas — , neither.
de, of, from, by, with, to, in.
VOCABULARY
for, about, suitable to,
something of .
débordant, overflowing, pro-
jecting.
déboucher, corne out.
debout, erect, standing.
déboutonné, unbuttoned.
déception,/, déception, dis-
appointment.
déchet, m. loss, waste.
décider, décide (upon), în-
duce, détermine; — (de),
décide concerning, settle,
détermine.
décisi-f, -ve, décisive, décision, /. décision, décisive-
ness, fir mness ; — à prendre,
décision to make.
déclarer, déclare; se — , set
in, develop. décorateur, decorator, painter.
découper, eut up.
découvert, discovered; à — ,
openly.
découvrir, discover, uncover;
se — , disclose one's self,
step f orth, uncover, doff the
hat.
dédain, m. disdain.
déesse, /. goddess.
défaillance, /. f ainting fit.
défaut, m, failing, default,
lack; faire — , be lacking.
défendre, défend, forbid.
déférence, /. déférence, regard.
déférent, -e, def erential.
défi, m, défiance, challenge.
défiance, /. distrust, défiant, distrustful.
défier, distrust.
définitivement, definitively.
dégager, to set free; se — , be
evolved, issue, stand forth,
appear plainly.
degré, m, degree, step.
déguiser, disguise.
dehors, without, outside; en
— (de), outside, outward.
déjà, already.
déjeuner, m, breakfast, lun-
cheon.
déjeuner, breakfast, take
lunch.
delà, beyond, farther than;
au — de, on the other side
of.
délaissé, abandoned, de-
serted.
délateur, m. spy, informer, délibéré, deliberate.
délicieusement, delicîously,
delightfully.
délicieu-z, -se, delicious, de-
Ughtful.
délire, m, delirîum.
délit, m, crime, demain, to-morrow.
demande, /. request.
demander, ask; se — , won-
der.
démarche,/, step, overture.
démasquer (se), unmask,
appear.
démentir, belie.
démesurément, beyond meas-
lure, excessively.
demeure, /. dweUing.
demeurer, remain, dwell,
continue.
demi, -e, half ; huit heures et
demie, half past eight; à
— , half.
demi-heure, /. half hour.
demi-jour, m, half light, dim
light.
demi-minute, /. half minute.
demi-obscurité, /. half dark-
ness.
demi-rêve, /. half illusion, demi-tête, /. half a head.
demi-voix, /. low voice.
démonstration, démonstration, dénégation, /. déniai.
déni, m. déniai, refusai.
dénoncer, denounce, inform
against.
dent, /. tooth.
dentelée, jagged, indented.
dentelle, /. lace.
départ, m. departure.
dépasser, outstrip, overtop,
pass beyond.
dépêche, /. dispatch, tele-
gram.
dépendre de, dépend upon,
be dépendent upon.
dépens, m. pi. expansé,
cost.
dépister, throw off the track.
déplacer, displace, move,
turn.
déplaire, dîsplease.
déplaisir, m. displeasure.
déplier, unfold.
dépowller, despoil, strîp.
depuis, for, since, during,
within; — trente ans, for
the last thirty yearsj —
quelque temps, some time ago.
députation,/. deputation {représentatives from a given section).
député, m. deputy.
déraisonnable, unreasonable.
dernier, dernière, last; il apprendra le — , he will be the last one, etc.
dérober, rob, steal away from, hide from; se — de, flee from, disappoint.
dérouler, unroU, unfurl.
déroute,/, rout, defeat.
derrière, behind, in the rear.
des» de les.
dès, from, since, as early as, tliis very; — lors que, as soon as, if only; — que, as soon as.
désaccord, m. disagreement; en — , at variance.
désappointé, disappolnted.
désapprobation, /. disapprobation.
désaveu,"^, disavowal, déniai.
désavouer, disavow, discrédit, reprimand.
descendante, falling.
descendre, descend, send down, take down, corne down, get out.
désert, deserted.
déserter, désert.
déserteur, m. déserter.
désespéré, -e, despairing.
déshonorer, dishonor.
désigner, point out, indicate, appoint,
VOCABULARY
désillusion, /. disillusion, dis-
appointment. désir, m. désire, désirer, désire, désireux, -euse, desirous.
désobéir, disobey.
désordre, m, disorder, dis-
array.
désormais, henceforth, from
now on.
dessiner, outline, mark
out.
dessous, beneath, below; en
— , below.
dessus, m. upper part; de — ,
from above.
destinée, /. destiny.
destiner, destine, intend, désuni, -e, disunited.
détacher, detach; se — ,
stand out against.
détail, m. détail, dételer, unharness, unyoke.
détendre (se), relax, déterminer, décide, détester, detest.
détour, m. détour, shift, évasion, subterfuge, turn.
détourner, turn aside, deflect;
se — , turn away.
détruire, destroy.
deuil, m. mouming.
deux, two; tous — , both.
deuxième, second, dévaler, descend, pass down-
ward, through.
devant, before, in front of,
first, in the présence of,
straight ahead; droit — toi,
straight ahead.
développement, m, development, expansion.
devenir, become.
dévier, go astray, wander.
deviner, divine, guess.
dévoiler (se), be unveiled, clear.
devoir, should, must, ought; withfol. infin.j hâve to, be expected to, be intended; il a dû arriver, he must ^have arrived; qui devaient quitter, which were to leave; il avait dû, he had been compelled; j'aurais dû, I ought to hâve.
devoir, m, duty.
dévouer (se), dévote one^s self.
diable {expletive), the dickensi
diamant, m. diamond.
diamanté, sparkling, beaded.
Dieu, m. God; mon — I dear me.
différent, -e, différent.
différer, differ.
difficile, difficult, hard.
difficilement, hardly.
difficulté,/, difficulty.
digne, worthy, dignified.
dimanche, w., Sunday; — des Rameaux, Faim Sunday.
diminuer, diminish, grow small, dim.
diminution, /. diminution.
diner, m, dinner.
dîner, dine.
diplôme, m. diploma; — d'allemand, diploma as teacher of German.
VOCABULARY
dire, say, speak; c'est à — ,
that is to say; vouloir — ,
mean; se — , say toone*s
self; dis, isn't it?
direction,/, management.
directrice, /. directress, principal.
dirigé, directed, controlled.
diriger, direct, command,
carry on, conduct; se — ,
make one*s way.
discipliné, disciplined.
discussion, /. discussion.
discuter, dîscuss.
disparaître, disappear.
disparate, disparate, încon-
gruous.
dispenser (de), excuse.
disposer, dispose, arrange, disposition, /. disposition,
arrangements; — d'esprit,
frame of mind.
dissiper (se), dissipa te,
scatter.
distance,/, distance.
distinguer, distinguish, make
out.
distrait, abstracted.
divers, différent.
divinement, divinely.
diviser, divide, separate.
dix, ten.
dix-sept, seventeen.
doigt, m. finger, finger's
breadth.
domaine, m. domain, estate.
domestique, m. orf. domestic,
servant.
dominateur, dominating,
arrogant.
domination, /. domination,
sway, rule.
dominer, domînate, rule,
conquer, overtop.
donc, therefore, won*t you?
just, then, so then, surely.
donner, give; — tort, décide
against; — sur, open upon.
dont, of which, from which,
whose, with which, in
which, for which, of whom.
doré, golden.
dorer, gild.
dormir, sleep, lie.
dort, près, of dormir, dos, m. back.
dossier, m, back (of a seat), douanes, /. pL custom house.
douanier, m, customs officer.
double, double.
doubler. Une.
douce, see doux, doucement, softly, in a low
voice.
douceur, /. gentleness, pleas-
antness.
douleur, /. pain, grief, sor-
row.
douleureu-x, -se, painful.
doute, m. doubt; sans — , of
course, douter (en), doubt; se — de,
suspect.
dou-x, -ce, gentle.
douze, twelve.
douzaine, /. dozen.
drame, m, drama.
drap, m. cloth.
dresser, draw up, brîng; se
— , rise (up).
VOCABXJLARY
droit, straîght, even, erect,
straîghtforward.
droit, m. law, right.
droite, /. right hand; à — ,
to the right.
drôle, funny, amusing, inter-
esting, strange, odd.
du «de le, of the, from the.
duquel » de lequel, dur, -e, harsh, stiff.
durant, during.
durée,/, duration.
durer, last, continue, endure, dureté, /. harshness.
dynastie, /. dynasty, f amily.
eau, /. water, eau-de-vie, /. brandy, ébauche, /. sketch, outline.
ébouler, brîng down; pente
ébotilée, landslide.
ébrancher, lop, trim.
ébranler, shake, move; s' — ,
move, get under way.
écaille, /. shell, scale; peigne
d' — , tortoise shell comb.
écarter, remove, thrust aside;
s' — , withdraw, stand aloof .
écartés, far apart.
échancrer, indent, eut low.
échancrure, /. break, notch.
échanger, exchange.
échappé, escaped.
échapper (à), escape from;
s' — , hasten away.
écharpe, /. scarf .
échéance, /. note due.
éclairer, light up.
éclaireur, m, scout.
éclat, m. splendor, brillîancy.
éclatant, -e, striking, bril-
liant.
éclater, burst, break out,
flash, appear.
éclosion, /. blossoming, open-
ing.
écolier, m. scholar, school-
boy.
écorce,/. bark. écotiler (s'), flow by, pass.
écouter, listen (to); se faire
— , be listened to, compel
attention.
écran, m. screen.
écraser, crush.
écrier (s'), cry out, exclaîm.
écrire, write.
écrouler (s'), crumble, col-
lapse.
écru, unbleached, raw; toile
— e, brown hoUand (cloth).
écurie, /. stable.
éducation, /. éducation.
effacer, erase; s' — , efface
one's self, keep in the back-
ground, disappear, die out
(of a smile); step back»
effarement, m. terror, fright.
effet, m. effect, clothing; —
de service, equipment; en
— , indeed, very true, just
so, in fact.
efflanqué, lean, thin, lank.
effleurer, glance at, pass
lightly over.
effort, m, effort, effrayant, terrifying.
effrayé, terrified.
VÔCABULÀRY
effrayer, terrify.
effroi, m, fright, terror.
effusion, /. effusion, effusive-
ness.
égal, -e, equal, even.
également, equally, likewise.
égalité, /. equality.
égard, m. regard, considération; à mon — , on my ac-
count.
égaré, bewildered, wild.
église,/, church.
égolsme, m, egoism.
égoïste, selfish, egoistic.
élan, m. start, momentum.
élancée, tall, slender.
élancer (s'), rush, électrique, electric.
élégance, /. élégance, élégant, élégant, exquisite.
élève, m. pupil, student.
élevé, -e, adj, elevated, lofty.
élever, rear, educate, con-
struct; s' — , rise.
elle, she, it, her.
éloge, m. eulogy, praise.
éloignement, m. remoteness,
removal.
éloigner, remove, send away;
s' — , leave, withdraw, be-
come reserved.
émail, m. enamel, pi. émaux, embarras, m. embarrassment. embarrassé, embarrassed.
embellissement, m. embellish-
ment, improvement.
embrasser, embrace, kiss.
embusqué, in ambush.
emutnener, take away, take
with one.
émotion,/, émotion, émouvoir (s')i be moved,
touched.
emparer, fortify ; s* — de, take
possession of, master.
empêcher, prevent.
empire, m, empire; Second
Empire, that of Napoléon
III, 1852-1870; the German
Empire; Premier Empire,
that of Napoléon I.
emplir, fill.
employé, m, employé, work-
man.
employer, employ,^ spend.
empoisonner, poison, emporter, carry off, carry
along; s' — , become angry.
empresser, (s'} hasten,
crowd.
ému, -e, moved, touched.
en, prep. in, into, at, of,
made of, like. en, pron. of him, of her, of
them, of it, about it, some,
any.
encadrer, frame in.
enceinte, /. circuit, enclosure.
enchanter, charm, enchant.
enclos, m. enclosure, yard, encombrer, encumber, load.
encore, yet, as yet, still
more, again.
encourager, encourage, endormi, asleep.
endormir (s'), go to sleep.
endroit, m. place; à leur — ,
aboMt, with regard to them.
énergie, /. energy.
énergique, energetic.
VOCABULARY
énerver, enervate, unnerve.
enfance,/, infancy, childhood.
enfant, m. orf. child, boy, infant.
enfantin, childish.
enfer, m, inferno, hell.
enfermer, shut in, inclose,
put in.
enfin, finally, anyhow, in
short.
enfoncer, sink, bury, pull
down; s* — , retreat, dis-
appear, plunge.
enfuir (s*), flee.
engager, urge, engage in; s' — ,
enter upon; s' — dans, bind
one's self to.
enhardir (s*), grow bold, em-
bolden.
enjambée,/, stride.
enlever, remove, take off,
take away, abduct, run
aw with.
ennemi, m., -e, /. enemy.
ennui, m. vexation, bored-
ness.
enquête, /. inquest, investigation, enseigne,/, signboard.
enseigner, teach.
ensemble, together.
ensemble, m. ensemble, mass.
ensevilir, bury.
ensuite, afterward, after that.
entendre, hear, understand;
s* — , understand each other,
one another.
enthousiasme, m. enthusi-
asm.
enthousiaste, enthusiastic.
entier, entière, entire.
entièrement, entirely.
entourer, surround.
entridner, draw, drag, lead, lead away.
entre, among, between.
entrée, /. entrante, entry.
entrer (à), (dans), enter, enter upon.
entretien, m. conversation.
entrevoir, half see, get a glimpse of, perceive.
entr'ouvrir, half-open.
envelopper, envelop, wrap.
envers, toward, with.
enviable, enviable.
envie, /. envy, désire, wish.
environ, about, nearly.
environs, m, pi. environs.
envoyer, send.
épagneul, m. spaniel.
épais, -se, thick, deep.
épaissir, thicken, grow heavy.
épaisseur,/, thickness.
épanoui, beaming.
épanouir, be full-blown, blossom out, broaden, be fuUy developed.
épanouissement, m. brightening, flowering forth.
épargner, spare.
éparpiller, scatter, disconnect.
épaule,/, shoulder.
éperon, m. spur.
épier, spy upon.
épingle, /. pin, hair-pin.
éponger, sponge, wipe.
époque, /. epoch, time.
épouser, espouse, marry.
épouvanter, frighten, terrify.
VOCABULARY
épreuve, /. test, trial, proof .
éprouver, expérience, feel.
épuiser, exhaust.
errant, m. wanderer, tramp.
errer, wander.
erreur, /. error.
escadron, m. squadron.
escalader, scale.
escalier, m. staircase.
espace, m. space.
espèce, /. species, sort.
espérer, expect, hope.
espoir, m. hope.
esprit, m. mind, spirit, wit,
intellect.
essayer, essay, attempt.
essentiel, essential.
essoufflé, -e, eut of breath,
winded.
est, m. east.
estime,/, esteem, regard, estimer, esteem.
et, and.
établi, settled.
établir, established, make
out, settle; s* — , establish
one's self, settle down.
étage, m. stage, story.
étager, rise in stages,
stories.
étape, /. stopping-place.
état, m. State, state of affairs,
State of health. état-major, m. staff, été, m. summer.
étendre, extend, spread out,
stretch out; s* — , expand.
étendue,/, space.
étemel, -le, eternal^ peren-
nial.
étoffe,/, stuff, material, cloth,
gifts, qualifications.
étoile,/, star.
étonné, -e, astonished.
étonnement, astonishment.
étonner, astonish; s* — , be astonished.
étouffer, stifle.
étourdi, hasty, thoughtless.
étourdiment, hastily, thought-
lessly.
étrange, strange.
étrang-er, i»., -ère, /. stranger,
foreigner.
étrangler, strangle, choke.
être, to be; — à, occupied in,
engaged in, belong to.
être, m. being.
étreignit, prêt, of étreindre,
bind, clasp, grip.
étroit, -e, strict, narrow.
étroitesse, /. narrowness.
étude,/, study.
étudiant, m. student.
étudier, study; s* — , study
each other.
étui, m. case.
eux, they, them, themselves.
évanouir, vanish; s* — , swoon.
évanouissement, m. swoon.
évasi-f , -ve, evasive.
évêché, m. bishopric.
éveillé, -e, wide awake.
éveiller, awaken, exdte,
arouse; s* — , waken.
événement, m, event.
éventail, m. fan.
évêque, m. bishop.
évidemment, evidently, of
course, of course not.
VOCABULARY
évincer, cvict, oust, éviter, avoid, escape.
évocation, /. évocation, call-
ing forth.
évolution, /. évolution, évoquer, evoke, call to mind.
exact, correct, exactement, exactly.
exalter, exalt, excite, examen, m. examinatîon,
cross-questioning, scrutiny ;
— de sortie, ûnal examina-
tion.
examiner, examine. exaspération, /. exaspération, exaspéré, -e, exasperated,
sharp, keén.
excellent, -e, excellent, exception, /. exception, excès, m. excess.
excluer (s'), exclude each
other.
exclusivement, exclusively. ' excursion,/, excursion, trip.
excuser (s'), excuse one*s self.
exécrer, execrate, curse.
exécuter, exécute, put in
practice, carry out.
exemple, m, example, instance.
exercer, exercise, excrt; s' — ,
exert one*s self, employ.
exercice, m. exercise.^ exigence, /. claim, demand,
insistence.
exiger, demand.
exil, m. exile.
existence, /. existence, Ufe.
expérience, /. expérience, ex-
periment.
expirer, expire.
explication, /. explanation.
expliquer, explain; s' — , explain, understand, make out.
exploiter, work.
exposer, expose, lay before, endanger, risk.
exprès, intentionally, on purpose.
expressi-f , -ve, expressive.
expression, /. expression.
exprimer, express.
exsangue, bloodless.
extrêmement, extremely.
extrémité,/, extrcmity, end.
fabrication, /. making, manufacture.
fabuleu-x, -se, fabulons, legendary.
façade, /. façade, side.
face, /. face; en — de, facing, opposite; de — , full in the face; faire — à, to face.
fâcheu-x, -se, annoying.
painful.
facile, easy.
facilement, easily.
facilité, /. facility, freedom, ease, opportunity, agility.
façon,/, fashion, way, manner.
factice, factitîous, unreal.
fagot, m, fagot, bundle of fagots.
faible, feeble, weak.
faiblement, feebly, weakly.
VOCABULARY
faiblesse, /. weakness.
faïence,/, faience, porcelain; poêle de — , earthenware stove.
faillir, f ail, miss, barely miss.
faire, make, do, carry on, take, pack, study; — des affaires, do business; se — , assume, take on; — politique, play poli tics; se — illusion, delude one's self; à — , to be done.
faisan, m. pheasant.
fait, m. deed, fact; pas tout à — , not exactly; tout à — , actually, very.
falaise, /. cliff.
falloir, be necessary, ought, should, must; faut-il, must, must not.
familiale, family.
famille, /. family.
faner, fade.
fardeau, m. burden, load.
farouche, fierce.
fatale, fateful, fatal.
fatalité, /. fatality, fa te.
fatiguer, fatigue, weary, tire.
faute, /. fault.
fauteuil, m. easy chair, armchair; — à oreilles, armchair with side head-rests.
fauve, tawny.
faveur, /. favor.
favoris, m. pi. side whiskers.
fécond, fecund, inventive, fruitful.
fécondité, /. fruitfulness.
feindre, feign, prétend.
fêlée, cracked, broken.
féliciter (se), congratulate
one's self.
femme, /. woman, wife.
fenêtre,/, window.
fente, /. crack, gap.
féodal, pi. féodaux, feudal.
fer, m. iron; chemin de — ,
railroad.
ferme, ôrm.
ferme, /. thing leased, farm,
farm buildings, farmhouse.
fermer, dose.
fervent, -e, fervent, religions, ferveur, /. f ervor.
fête, /. feast, festival, picnic;
en — , elated, full of de-
light; jour de — , holiday.
feu, m. fire; coup de — , shot.
feuillage, m. foUage.
feuille, /. leaf.
feutre, m. felt hat.
février, m. February.
fiacre, m. cab.
fiançailles, /. pi. betrothal.
fiancé, -e, m. betrothed.
Fidèle, prop. noun Fido; adj.
faithful.
fier, trust; se — à, hâve faith
in, trust.
fi-er, -ère, proud.
fierté, /. pride.
fièvre, /. fever.
figure, /. face, figure; faire
une — , make a fuss or
