A WORD TO BEGINNERS IN TRANSLATION
Understand well that words which are the same in both languages or hâve little diflference, either in spelling or pronunciation, are avoided in our Vocabulary. I often hâve pupils who thoughtlessly corne and tell me that such a word is not in. A little thought would solve the question. Thèse remarks hâve led me to give hère a little help to beginners ; no doubt, with thèse few hints, they will easily multiply their own vocabulary of words, if they take good care to learn them with their gender.
For instance, it is easy enough for a learner to see what the English of the foUowing must be :
misérable possible noble
admirable éligible ignoble
capable visible
détestable horrible
Notice té become English ty
artifice caprice précipice vice
liberté nativité éternité égalité
général cardinal principal oral
merveilleux impétueux
somptueux généreux
scrupuleux désastreux
odieux ruineux
eux giving in English eus.
erreur
labeur
honneur
déshonneur
pasteur
absence
présence
silence
compétence
offense
Ignorance assurance complaisance danse
image
cage
rage
passage
âge
Remarking sur gives or and our. Some words like danse, offense, défense take a c in English.
attractif musique confession population
actif physique adhésion destruction
adoptif pacifique passion option
attentif héroïque illusion portion
rémunératif narcotique effusion nation
That f in words in if is ve in English ; that ique is simply ic.
miliUlra
ivoire
monastère
gra<1c
arbitraire
mémoire
mi««''rc
promonade
«dTerMÛre
gloire
cimetit>re
parncio
révolutionnaire
territoire
èrt
poonlairt fioiamre
offertoire oratoire
Mark that air« bciM)ine« ary,
but »onietinioa ailso
ar ; olre in ory
ère is ery, and one even is era.
Many words hâve so much similarity that pupiU should net bc afraid to trace tbem to the English word, like :
aeadàme^ wiiversitét idolâtrie, catalogue, usiirf, etc.
In verbe a great many are much alike, and even the conjugation to which they belong is soou acquired.
présenter démolir a]>ercevoir correspondre
abaratar abolir concevoir descendre
pâlir percevoir confondre
choisir recevoir prétendre
ruiner finir mouvoir joindre
ABBREVIATIONS.
substarUive.
adj.
adjeclive.
nuisculine.
past particijyle.
féminine.
adv.
adverh.
t^erb.
prep.
préposition.
tr.
transitii^e.
mterj.
interjection.
intr.
intransitire.
pr.
pronoun.
refl.
reflexive.
pi.
plural.
abondant, adj., bountiful.
accordé, p.p., granted.
accueillit, past def. of accueillir, accueillant, accueilli, f accueille, facctteiliis, v. tr., received.
acberé, p.p., finished.
action de grftce, s.f., thanksgiving.
admis, p.p. of admettre, admettant, admis, f admets, fatlmis, V. tr., received.
aiEaire, 8.f., business.
agiter, v. tr., to move.
aider, v. tr. , to help.
ailleurs, adv., elsewhere.
aine, adj. and s. , eldest ; senior(8).
ainsi, adv., thus.
aisance, s.f., comfort.
alentours, s. m. pi., outskirta.
allée, s.f., walk (in a garden).
aller, v. intr., aller, allant, allé, je vais, j'allai, to go.
alors, adv., then.
&me, s.f., seul.
amendé, p.p., improved.
après, prep., after ; — midi, s. m., aftemoon.
appuyé, p.p., resting.
arbre, s. m., tree.
ardu, adj., hard.
argrentin, adj., silvery.
arrêté, p.p., stopped.
arrive donc, v. intr., do come.
arriverai 0). v, intr., future of arriver, I shall succeed.
asseoir (s'), v, refl., s'asseoir, ff'uAsofjant or s'ajiseyant, anxin, je m'awtois or je m'assied^, je m'assis, to sit down. — S.B,
This verb has three forms of future and conditional : Je m'assoirai, je m'assoirais ; je m'assiérai, je m'assiérais ; je m'asseyerai, je m'asseyerais.
assombrir (s'), v. refl. , to get dark, to get duU.
atelier, s. m., studio.
atteler, v. tr., to put (the horse) to.
attendre, v. tr. , to wait (for).
attrait, s. m., attraction.
au-dessus de, prep., above.
aucun, ind.adj.pr., none.
aujourd'hui, adv., nowadays.
aussi . . . que . . . , adv. , as . . . as . . , constitutes comparative of equality.
autrefois, adv., formerly.
avare, s. m. and adj., avaricious; miser, miserly.
aveu, s. m., confession.
avis, a. m., opinion.
avocat, s. m., barrister.
avoué, p.p., confessed, acknowledged.
baisser, v, tr. , to cast down.
balbutier, v. tr., to mutter.
basse-cour, s.f., poultry yard, bavardage, s. m., gossip.
béant, adj., gaping.
beaucoup, adv,, much, many.
berceau (en), as an arbour (lit.
cradle).
berger, s. m., shepherd.
besoin, s. m., need.
bêtises (des), s.f. pi., fiddlesticks.
bientôt, adv., soon.
bienveillance, s.f., kindness.
billet de mille francs, s. m., a
thousand franc nute (£40).
blanc, adj., white.
blé, n.m., corn; blés, pi., corn-
fields.
blême, adj., pale, bluet, s. m., corn flower.
boîte, s.f., box.
bondissant, adj., bounding.
bonbeur, s. m., happiness.
bonsoir, s. m., good evening.
boue, s.f., mud.
bouffi, adj., chubby.
bout (au), at the end.
boutique, s.f., shop.
bouton, s.m., button ; — de rose^
rosebud.
boutonnière, s.f., button-hole. boyard russe, s. m. ,Russian noble*
man.
brebis mérinos, s. f.,merino sheep.
brille (ça), v. intr., from briller y
it glitters.
briser (se), v. refl., to break, broderie, s.f., embroidery.
bruit, s.m., noise, brusquement, adv., abruptly.
buisson, s.m., bush.
bureau, s.m., desk.
cacher à, v. tr. , to hide from.
cadre, s.m., frame.
campagne, s.f., country.
carriole, s.f., carriage.
carton, s.m., portfolio, cardboard.
causer, v. intr., to talk, to converse.
cave, s.f., cellar.
celui, pr. , the one.
cependant, adv., however.
certes, adv., assuredly.
chagrin, s.m., grief.
champ, s.m., field.
chance, s.f., luck.
chanson, s.f., song.
chaque, adj., each.
charrue, s.f., plough.
château, s.m., country seat.
chef-d'œuvre, s.m., masterpiece.
chemin (en), on the way.
chêne, s.m., oak.
chère petite, f. , dear child, dear little one.
chevalet, s.m., easel.
chevalier, s.m., de la Légion d'Honneur, knight of the Légion of Honour.
cheveux, s.m. pi., hair.
chèvrefeuille, s.m., honeysuckle,
chez nous, at our house.
», «.f.. thing : poê çtruuC—,
uothitit;.
Christ, «.m., crucifix.
el«l, s. m., sky.
•.f., balin -cricket, •.f., belU r, ».m.. hoart.
(anK at the corner. (. p.p.. ptuitot).
(en), rtghting.
O0mpl«r. V. intr.. to reckon.
ooncierge, s. m., door-keeper.
oondoit, p.p. of ronduirt^ condui-
mtit, conduit, jt conduis, je
conduiêié, led.
oonnidtre, v. tr., ronnaîtrt, con-
mniêfant, connu, je connais,
je ccmuus, to know.
contre, prep., against.
oottTlTe, 8. m., gue«t.
corbeau, s. m., raven.
côté (à) de, prep., near, by the
side of.
coteau, 8. m., Hlope.
oou, s.m., neck.
couchant (au), in the west.
courber (se), to bend down.
courut, past detin. of courir,
courant, couru, je couru, je
courus, ran.
crânement, adv., proudiy.
criaillement, s.m., bawling,
clamouring.
crisper, v. tr. . to cnrL croisé, p.p., crossed.
croquis, s.m., rough sketch, cueilli, p. p. of rw^Hlir, cueillant,
ctieilh, je cueille, je cueillis,
picked, gathered.
cultivateur, s.m., farmer.
cultivé, p.p., tilled.
debout (se tenir), to stand up.
déchirer, v. tr. , to tear.
découverte, 8.f., discovery.
dédaigner, v, tr., to disdain.
demain, adv., to-morrow.
demi (à), adv.. half.
dénigrer, v. tr., to disparage.
dépense, s.f., expense.
dérangé, p.p., diRturhcd.
derrière, adv., l>chind.
dét, prep., from.
désespoir, s. nu, despair.
désordonné, p.p., inordinate, immo<lerato.
dessin, s.m., drawing.
deuil, s.m., mourning.
devait (s'il), if he must.
devant, prep., before, in front of.
devenir, v. tr.,df venir, dtrenaut, (Urenu, je dtviens, je devins, to become.
deviens fou (tu), you are going m ad.
deviner, v. tr., to guess.
Dieu, dieu, s.m., God, god.
disparut, jMist def. of disjxiraUre, disfxiraissaiit, disparu, je disparais, je disparus, disappeared.
dos, s.m., back.
douloureux, adj., painful.
douze cents, twelve hundred.
droit, s.m.. right.
dur, adj., hard.
durci, p.p., hardened.
éblouir, v. tr., to dazzle.
échappa (s'), past def. of s'échap-
;>€r; v. retî., fell.
éclair, s.m., lightning.
éclairé, p.p., lit up.
éclatant, part, près , thundering.
écoulé, p.p., gone bj-.
écrier (s'), v. rcfl., to exclaim.
écurie, s.f., stable, effacer (s'), v. refl., to wear out.
effarouché, p.p., frightened,
scared.
efltoi, s.m., f right.
égal (c'est), ne ver mind.
égrayant (s'), v. refl., getting
lively.
élancer (s'), v, refl., to rush.
élevé (bien), well bred, well
brought up.
éloge, s.m., praise.
éloigner (s'), v. refl., to go.
embrasser, v. tr., to kiss.
émigrer, v. intr., to emigrate.
empêcher, v. tr. , to prevent.
emporté, p.p., carriecl.
empressement, s. m., eagerness, earnestness.
ému, p.p. of émouvoir, émouvant, ému, f émeus, fémus, moved.
enfin, adv., final ly.
engraissé, p.p., manured.
ensuite, adv., afterwards.
entendre dire, v. tr. , to hear.
entraînement, s. m., impulse, temptation.
entraîner, v. tr. , to drag, to carry.
entre, prep., between.
entrelacé,p. p. ,interlaced, twisted
entretien, s.m., talk, conversation.
enveloppé, p.p., wrapped up.
envoler (s'), to fly away.
envoyer, v. tr. , to send forth.
épais, adj., thick.
épaissir (s'), to get thick.
épi, s.m., ear of corn.
épine, s.f., thorn.
épouser, v. tr. , to marry.
épreuve, s.f., trial.
éprouver, v. tr. , to f eel.
équarri, p.p., squared.
escalDeau, s.m., stool.
espoir, s.m., hope.
esquisse, s.f., sketch.
essayé, p.p., tried.
essuyer, v. tr., to wipe.
étable, s.f., cattle-shed.
étinceler, v. intr., to dazzle, to spark.
exigence, s.f., requirement.
faiblissait, imperfect indicative
of faiblir, v. intr., was giving
way, was yielding.
fainéant, s.m., lazy, idle fellow.
faisant craquer, v. tr. , causing
... to crack, faner, v. intr. , to fade, to wither.
faneuse, s.f., féminine oi faneur,
haymaker.
faucheur, s.m., mower.
faut, v. impers., il faut de l'air à ces ... , thèse . . . want f resh air.
fauvette, s.f., warbler.
faux, s.f., scythe.
femme de ménage, s.f., housekeeper, charwoman.
fenaison, s.f., haymaking.
fenêtre, s.f., window.
fermier, s.m., farmer.
feu (en), adv., on fire.
feutre, s.m., felt.
fierté, s.f., pride.
figure, s.f., face.
fil, s.m., thread.
filateur, s.m., mill-owner.
fin, s.f., end.
fiétri, p.p. oi flétrir, withered.
fois (bien des), adv., many times.
force de (à), adv., by dint.
forcément, adv., forcibly.
fort de, adj., confident of.
foudre, s.f., thunderbolt.
fouiller, v. tr. , to search.
fournir, v. tr. , to supply , to provide.
fourrage, s.m., fodder.
fracas du tonnerre, s.m., roar of thunder.
frémir, v. intr., to shudder, to thrill.
frémissement, s.m., shuddering, shock.
froissé, p.p., offended.
front, s.m., forehead, comitenance.
fructueux, adj., fruitful, profitable.
fumée, s.f., smoke.
fumier, s.m., manure.
defermty
garçon, s.m., fellow; s.m,, farm labourer, gazette, s.f., newspaper.
gémissement, s.m., groaning, gendre, s.m,, son-in-law.
génisse, s.f., heifer.
genou, s.m., knee.
geste, s.m., gesture.
glisser, v. intr. , to glide. gouffre, s.m., abyss, pit.
g«ftt «.m., t4ut«.
footu d'MO. a.f., dropof water;
— fif rx^f^ •.!., dewdrop.
gr4e«, «.f., thankft.
lliadtnw. «dj., grand.
gril MBito*, adj., dark grey.
sriT*. s.f.. thrunh.
gronder, v. tr., to roar.
habiUer (t'), v. rofl.. to dress.
hamaaiL, a.m., hainlet.
hardi, adj., boUl.
bUteO'^). ft-f-. I long-
hAter (M), V. retl. , to hast^u.
haut, adj., tall, loud.
hectare, s-m.. the hectare = 100 ares = 10.000 mètres is équivalent to 2i English acres.
heure (de bonne), adv., early.
heureusement, adv., happily.
heureux, adj., happy.
hocher, v. tr., to shake.
horloge, s-f., clock.
hors de, prep., from.
Id, adv., hère, illuminé, p.p., lit iip.
^Tpygiwr (g'), V. refl., to fancy.
imbécile, 8. m., silly fellow.
immobile, adj., motionless, still.
importe (n'), v. imp., never.
mind.
imprimé,p.p. ,printed,impre88ed.
incendie, s. m., fire.
incisif, adj., cutting.
inconnu, s. m., stranger.
indigne, adj., unworthy.
irréCéchi, adj., thoughtless.
Jasmin, s. m., jessainine.
Jaunâtre, adj., yellowish.
Jeta (se), past definite of ntjtter,
v. refl., rushed.
Jetant, présent participle oi jeter,
casting.
jeuiiease. t.!., youth, young man ;
young wonmn ; young i)cople.
Joût, s.?., cheek.
jour (an petit), adv. , al the pcep
of day.
Juin, s. m., Junc.
Jusque, prep., to, as far.
Jusqu'alors, adv., till then.
là-bas, adv., yonder.
laissa échapper, v. tr., uttered.
laisser dire, v. tr., to let talk.
lancer, v. tr., to cast.
langue, s.f., tongue ; mauvaiifta
— s, slanderers.
larme, s.f., tear.
légèrement, adv., lightly.
lendemain (le), adv. (s. m.), next
day.
lentement, adv., slowly.
lestement, adv., ninibly lever, v. tr., to raise.
lèvre, s.f., lip.
lieu (au), prep., instead.
litière, s.f., litter.
livré, p.p., left.
loi, s.f., law.
loin, adv., far.
longtemps, adv., long.
lorsque, conj., when.
louer, v. tr., to take.
louis, 8. m., sovereign, 20 franc
pièce, lutte, s.f., struggle.
machinalement, adv., mechanically.
main (à la), s.f., in one's hand.
maintenant, adv., now.
mal, s. m., ill, hann.
malgré, prep. , in spite of.
manœuvre, s. m., workman, labourer.
manquer, v. intr., to fail, to be
wanting.
marchand, s. m., dealer ; fleuvi, flower girl.
e dé
marché, s.m., bargain, arrangement.
mari, s.m., husband.
marier (se),v.refl.,to getmarried.
matin, s.m., morning.
même, adv., even.
mépriser, v. tr. , to despise.
métier, s.m., trade.
mètre, s.m., yard.
mettre, v. tr. , to place.
meuble, s.m., furniture.
meublé, p.p., furnished.
mieux, adv., better.
milieu (au), adv. , amidst.
mille, adj. num., a thousand.
millier, s. num., thousand.
mit (se), V. refl., se meUre, se mettant, mis, je me mets, je me mis, set to.
mobile, s.m., aim.
mobilier, s.m., furniture.
monde (tout le), s.m., everybody.
montrer, v. tr. , to show.
morbleu, interj., by Jove.
morceau, s.m., pièce.
moucheron, s.m., gnat.
mouiller, v. tr. , to wet.
mouton, s.m., sheep.
mugissait, v. intr., imperfect indicative of mugir, to groan.
mur, s.m., wall.
mûr, adj., ripe.
neveu, s.m., nephew.
noblesse, s.f., nobility, nobleness.
noir, adj., black.
nom (au), s.m., in the name.
notaire, s.m., soliciter.
nouveau, adj., new.
nuage, s.m., cloud.
nuée, s.f., cloud.
nul, adj. and pron. indef., no one.
nullement, adv., in no wise.
œil, s.m., eye ; plur. yeux.
œuvre (chef-d'), s.m., masterpiece.
offert, p.p. of offrir, offrant, offert^
j'offre, j^offris, offered.
ombrage, s.m., shade.
ombre (à 1'), s.f., in the shade.
orage, s.m., storm.
oreille, s.f., ear.
orgueil, s.m., pride.
oublier, v. tr. , to forget.
outre, prep., besides.
ouvrir, v. tr., ouvrir, ouvrant,
ouvert, j^ ouvre, j^ouvris,to open.
osé, p.p., dared.
pâlir, V, intr. , to pale, panier, s.m., basket.
papillon, s.m., butterfly.
parce que, conj., because. parrain, s.m., godfather.
partir, v.intr. , to set out ; partir,
par tant, parti, je pars, je partis.
partout, adv. , everywhere.
parut, past defîn. of paraître,
paraissant, paru, je parais, je
parus, V. intr., seemed.
parvenir, v. intr., to succeed ;
parvenir, parvenant, parvenu,
je parviens, je parvins ; future,
je parviendrai.
pas, s.m., step.
passer (se), v. refl., to go on.
pastoureau, s. m. , shepherd boy ;
hère it means 'lover', pauvrement, adv., poorly.
pavage (faire le), to pave, pavé, s.m., ground.
pays, s.m., country.
paysagiste, s.m., landscape
painter.
paysan, s.m., countryman; peas-
ant.
peintre, s.m., artîst.
pensée, s.f., thought.
pension, s.f., allowance.
perdu, p.p., lost.
perte, s.f., loss.
pesant, près, part., weighing.
peuplier, s.m., poplar tree.
peut-être, adv., perhaps.
pierre, s.f., stone.
pinceau, s.m., brusb.
•dj., full.
ptonrtr, v. tr. itnd intr., to cry.
pkOJW (M), V. reâ., to bend.
plapart (U), a.f., moct.
pottrliM, s.f., chest.
(M), V. reâ., U> rest.
«dj., purple.
a<iv., why.
poormiiTrt, v. ir., to follow ;
pomrtuivre^ pountuirantf pour-
êtùri, je /x)»/r«fMM, je fxtur-
min*.
poussière, s.f., dust.
pouvoir, V. tr. and intr. , to be
ahic; poMJX)ir, lyout^anf, pu, je
/Hux or je />»mV», je pus ; future,
je jHmrrai.
prairio, 8.f., nicadow.
pré, s.uï. , mea<low.
prendre garde, v. tr., to take
care.
près, prep., near.
presque, conj., almost.
prêt, adj., rea(iy.
pris, p.p. of prendre, prenant,
pris, je prends, je pria, as-
snmed. prix (à bas), adv., cheap, procliain, adj., next.
profondément, a<lv., deeply.
puis, a<lv., then.
puissant, adj., powerfuL
quand, adv., wheu.
quelque chose, pr. indef., some*
thing.
quelquefois, atlv., soinetimes.
quelques-uns, pr. indef., a few.
quittant, près. part. , on leaving ;
qnUter.
railler, v. tr. , to jeer, to joke.
railleur, s. m., joker.
rangé (bien), p.p., in good order.
rapporté, p.p., brougnt back.
rassembler, v. tr., to gather.
ravissement, s. nu, high satisfaction.
rayon, s. m., ray.
rayonnant, a^lj., ra<Iiant.
reoonnu, p.p. of reronnaUre^
rtconnaisMaiU, reconnu, je reconnais, je reconnus, recog-
niscd.
recouvré, p.p., regaine<l.
redouter, v. tr., to fcar.
redresser (se), v. rcÛ., to raise
onc's 8clf.
regagner, v. tr. , to fly towards.
regard, s. m., glancc, eye.
relever, v. tr., to mise, rendre (me), v. tr., to make my-
self.
renseignement, s. m., informa-
tien, rente, s.f., incomc.
rentrer, v. intr., to retum.
répandre (se), v. refl., to spread.
rester debout, v. intr. , to reniain
standing, retenir, v. tr., to keep, to re-
strain.
retour (à ton), s. m., on your
retum.
rêve, s. m., dream.
rêver, v. intr., to dream.
rêverie, s.f., idle dream.
revoir (se), v. refl., to meet
again ; se revoir, se revoyant,
revu, je me revois, je me revis.
Sous notut reven'ons, we shall
meet again.
rideau, s. m., curtain.
rieur, s. m., laugher.
rire, v. intr., to l.iugh ; rirey
riant, ri, je ris, je ris.
rocher, s. m., rock, ronce, s.f., bramble.
ruisseau, s.m., brook.
sage, adj., good.
salon, s.m., drawing-room.
santé, s.f., health.
savoir, V. tr., to know ; savoir,
sachant, su, je sais, je su^ ;
future, je saurai ; imperf.
in<l.. je savuis; subj. prcs. ,
que je sache.
scieur de long, s. m., sawyer.
sec, adj., dry.
secouer, v. tr. , to shake.
séculaire, adj., hundred years
old.
semblable, adj., similar, like.
sembler, v. tr. , to seem.
sentir, v. tr. , to feel ; sentir, sentant, senti, je sens, je sentis.
serrer, v. tr., to press.
seul, adj., alone.
sevrer, v. tr. , to wean.
soigné, p.p., cared for, taken
care of.
soin, s. m., care.
sol, s. m., earth, ground.
soleil, s. m., sun.
sommeil, s. m., sleep.
songé, p.p., thought, dreamt.
soucieux, adj., careful.
soudain, adv., suddenly.
souflle, s.m., breath (of air).
soufller, V. tr. , to blow.
soulager, v. tr., to relie va.
soulever (se), v. refl., to raise
one's self.
soupir, s.m., sigh.
sourd, adj., deaf.
sourire, v.intr., tosmile; sourire,
souriant, souri, je souris, je
souris.
soutenu, p.p., sustained ; from
soutenir, soutenant, soutenu,
je soutiens, je soutins ; fut. ,
soutiendrai.
souvenir (se), v, refl., to remem-
ber.
souvent, adv., often.
subir, V. tr. , to undergo.
suffisait, imperf. ind. of suffire,
suffisant, suffi, je suffis, je suffis,
