DEUXIÈME PARTIE

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1. 6. ban, arrière-ban, The feudal levy of ail vassals bound to render military service. The ban was the call of those who held directly

Il8 LOUIS XI ET CHARLES LE TÉMÉRAIRE.

of the sovereign ; the arrière-ban was the levy of sub-vassals, who held of the king's tenants.

1. 7. francs archers, The francs archers were instituted by Charles VII. in 1448 to form a force of infantry to oppose the English archers. They were a sort of militiaj who received pay while serving in war, and were free from the chief taxes in peace. Louis XI. aboUshed the force in 1480, but it was revived under other names.

1. 8. compagnies d'ordonnance. Thèse companies formed a standing force of cavalry. Charles VII. instituted them in 1439 and 1446. It was to provide for this standing force that the permanent tax of the taille was levied.

1. 10. Dunois, John, Count of Dunois (1403-1468). He was a natural son of Louis Duke of Orléans. He took a leading part in the enterprises of Jeanne d'Arc, and the subséquent recovery of the English conquests. In 1456 he was employed to expel Louis the Dauphin from Dauphinë. In 1461 Louis XI. disgraced him. He was reinstated 1465 and died not long after.

Dammartin, Antoine de Chabannes, Count of Dammartin (141 1- 1488), aho took part in the war against the English. He had acted against Louis as Dunois had, and was shut up in the Bastille. In 1465 he was restored to his position, and generally commanded Louis XI.'s armies.

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