Brantôme, see note on p. i

1. 17. amender tant de choses, "make amends for so many ofiences."

1. 26. la sainte ampoule, the vessel with the sacred oil, kept at Rheims, and used in the coronation of a King of France. Ampoule (Lat. ampulla) is an old word for a rounded flask or vase.

1. 31. des coutumes. France was govemed in part by the droit écrit or Roman law, and in part by the droit coutumier or feudal customary law. The latter was often obscure and complicated.

INDEX

Atx, formerly the chîef cîty of

Provence, a few miles north of

Marseilles.

Aix-la-Chapelle, or Aachen, a

city of W. Germany, midway

between Liège and Cologne,

accounted one of the capitals of

the Empire in the Middle Ages.

Alsace, a German province on

the left bank of the middle

Rhine.

Amiens, on the Somme, the chief

city in Picard y.

Anjou, an important province

and Duchy on the lower Loire.

Aquitaine, the S.W. région of

France, between the Loire and

the Pyrénées.

Ardennes, a forest région in the

N.E. of France and the S. of

Belgium.

ARGOViEf or Aargau, one of the

Swiss cantons.

Armagnac, a district in the

South of France, whose Counts

played a great part in French

politics during the isth century.

Arthur, a legendary King of

Britain, whose exploits were

celebrated in many romances of

chivalry.

Artois, formerly a province of

the Netherlands, and now the

most northem part of France.

Auvergne, a province in the

centre of France.

Auxerrois, the country about Auxerre, a city of Buigundy, on the Yonne.

BÂle, or Basel, a cîty on the Rhine, now the capital of the most N. W.

canton of Switzerland.

Bastille, an old fortress and prison in Paris, destroyed during the French Révolution, 1789.

Bavière, Robert de, Ruprecht or Rupert of Bavaria, Archbishop and Ëlector of Cologne, 1463- 1480.

Baveux, a celebrated cathedra!

city of Normandy.

Beautb-sur-Marne, a castle on the Marne, given by Charles VII. to Agnes Sorel.

Beauvais, a city N. of Paris, in the modem department of Oise, formerly the chief town of the Beauvaisis district, govemed by the Bishop of Beauvais.

Berne, the chief town and canton of Switzerland.

Berri, one of the central provinces of France.

Besançon, the chief city of Franche Comté, on the Doubs.

It did not, however, belong to Burgundy, but was a Free City of the Empire.

Bologne, Bologna, an important city of central Italy.

Bonne, Bona of Savoy, wife of

INDEX

Galeazzo Sforza, Duke of Milan, and Régent after his death.

Bordeaux, on the esluary of the Gironde, the chief port of S.W.

France.

Boulogne, on the Straits of Dover, one of the chief ports of N. France.

Bourbon, Duc de, John II., Duke of Bourbon, died 1488.

Bourbonnais, a district of central France.

Bourges, the chief city of the Duchy of Berry (modem Department of Cher).

Bourgogne, Burgundy, a large district of modem France.

Bradant, the chief province of the Netherlands.

Brandebourg, Brandenburg, formerly the most eastem part of Germany, and one of the Electorates.

Brantôme, Pierre de Bourdeille, Seigneur de, 1540-1614, a writer of memoirs.

Bresse, Philippe de, brother of Amadeus IX. , Duke of Savoy.

Bretagne, Brittany, the N.W.

province of France, and almost independentof the French crown during the Middle Ages.

Brezé, Pierre de, Grand Seneschal of Normandy under Charles VII. and Louis XI., killed at Montlhéry, 1465.

Brie, the district E. of Paris, in the angle of the Seine and Marne.

Brisach, or Breîsach, now Alt- Breisach, a town on the right bank of the Rhine, between Basel and Strassburg.

Bruges, the great trading city of W. Flanders.

Bruxelles, Brassels, the chief city of Brabant, now the capital of Belgium.

BuBENBERG, Adrian von, a Swiss noble, friendly to Burgundy.

BussiÈRE, or Bouxière, a place on the Meurthe, near Nancy.

Caen, the chief town of W. Nor«

mandy, near the mouth of the

small river Orne.

Calabre, Jean de, John, Duke of

Calabria, son of René of Anjou.

Calais, an important seaport of

N. France, held by the Énglish

Cambrai, on the Scheldt, for-

merly the capital of the Bishop-

ric of Cambrai, now belonging

to France (Department of Nord).

Campobasso, Nicholas de Mont-

forte^ Count of Campobasso^ a

leader of - mercenaries under

Charles the Bold.

Carmagnola, acelebrateditalian

Condottiere, 1390-1432.

Carondelet, Chancellor of

Burgundy under Charles the

Bold.

Cato, Angelo, also written Cat-

TO, — physician of Charles the

Bold, and afterwards in the

service of Louis XI.

Cerdagne, a small province N.

of the Eastem Pyrénées, finally

ceded to France 1659.

Champagne, an extensive province of the N.E. of France,

comprising the modem Depart-

ments of Marne and Aube.

Charenton, a small town close

to Paris, at the junction of the

Seine and Marne.

Charlemagne, or Charles the

Great, King of the Franks and

Emperor 800-814.

Charles V., King of France

Charles VI., King of France

Charles VII., King of France

mDEX.

Charles le Téméraire, Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy

1467-1477- Charles-Quint, Charles V., Ern-

peror I5i9-i555« Charles d'Orléans, Charles,

Duke of Orléans, captured at

Agincourt 14 151 died 1465.

Charles de Melun, Govemor

of Paris, 1465, executed by

Charles, duc de Berri, younger

brother of Louis XL, died 1472.

Charolais, a county in the S. of

the Duchy of Burgundy, a fief

given to the eldest son of the

Duke of Burgundy.

Chartier, Guillaume, Bishop

of Paris, 1447-1472.

Chastellain, Georges, 1403-

1475, chronicler of Burgundy.

Châteauguyon, Comte de, one

of Charles the Bold's com-

manders, kiUed at Granson,

Châteauneuf, a small town on

the R. Cher, south of Bourges.

Chauny, a town on the upper

Oise (Department of Aisne).

Cl]£ry, a place near Orléans (De*

partment of Loiret).

CoBLENTZ, a city of Germany, at

the junction of the Rhine and

the Moselle.

CoGLiONE, Bartolomeo, a celé-

brated Italian Condottiere, died

CoLBERT, Jean Baptiste, 1619-

1683, the great finance minister

of Louis XIV.

COLM AR, a city of Alsace, situated at about the centre of the province.

Cologne, or Kôln, on the Rhine, the chief city of Western Germany, and formerly the capital of the Electorale of Cologne.

Colonna, a great family of nobles at Rome.

Cominbs, Philippe de, 1445- 1509, the historian of the times of Louis XI. and Charles VIII.

CoMMERCi, a town of Lorraine, on the Meuse, near Toul.

COMMINGES, a county near the -Pyrénées, including the greater part of the modem Department of Haute Garonne.

CoN FLANS, a small town near Paris, a few miles to the south.

Constance, a city at the outlet of the Lake of Constance. It is on the Swiss side of the lake, but has always belonged to Germany.

CoRBEiL, a town on the Seine, above Paris.

Dammartin, Antoine de Chabannes, comtede, i4ii-i488, commanded thearmies of Charles VIL and Louis XL

Daufhiné, a province of France in the S.E. between the Rhône and the Alps.

Dieppe, a seaport on the Channel, in the N.E. of Normandy.

DiESBACH, a prominent citizen of Berne, negotiator of the Swiss alliance with France.

Dijon, the chief city of the Duchy of Burgundy (modem Department of Côte d'Or).

Dînant, a town on the Meuse, a few miles S. of Namur.

DÔLE, a city of Franche Comté, on the Doubs.

DuNOis, John, Count of (1403- 1468), illegitimate son of Louis, Duke of Orléans, distinguished himself in the English wars.

Edouard IV. , head of the Yorkist

Une in Ëngland, and King of

England 1461-1483.

Épinal, a town of Lorraine, on the

Moselle (modem Department of

Vosges).

INDEX

Étampes, a town about 30 miles S.W. of Paris.

Eu, Comte d', i 397-147», a prince , of the French royal family.

EvREUX, a town of Normandy, in the S.E. of the province (modem Department of^EuTe).

Florence, one of the chief cities of Italy, formerly, as a republic, one of the chief states in the Peninsula.

Forêt Noire, the Schwarmoald or Black Forest^ a hilly and wooded district of S.W. Germany.

Franche Comté, the "Free County" of Burgundy, which was among the possessions of the Dukes of Burgundy, but was considered a part of the Empire.

It was ceded to France 1670.

Frédéric BARBEROUssE,the £mperor Frederick IL, reigned 1152-1190.

FREDERIC II Im of the House of Austria, reigned 1440-1493.

Fribourg, or Freiburg, on the Saane, capital of the Swiss Canton of the same name.

Frise, Friesland^ the countiy between the Zuyder 2^ ana the Ems.

Gand, Ghmtf the great dty of East Flanders.

Gannat, a town in the S. of the Duchy of Bourbon (modem Department of Allier).

Gascons, the inhabitants of the S.W. angle of France, which received the name of Gascony.

Genève, a city on the Rhône, below the Lake of Geneva, formerly govemed by a Bishop, but now joined to Switzerland.

Gex, a town of Savoy, near Geneva (modem Department of Ain).

Granson, or Grandson, a town on the S.W. shore of the Lake Neufchatel.

Granvelle, the name of two ministers of the Emperor Charles V. and Philip IL of Spain.

Cardinal Granvelle, the minister of Philip IL, is the more famous.

Grenoble, the chief town of Dauphiné, on the Isère.

GuELDRE, Gueldres or Geîderlandy a Duchy stretching from the Zuyder Zee across the lower Rhine and Maas.

GuiNES, or Guùne, a small town S. of Calais, and near it, which was held by the English while they held Calais.

Gustave Adolphe, Gustauus Adolphus, King of Sweden, famous for the part he took on the Protestant side in the Thirty Years* War in Germany.

Guyenne or Guienne, a great Duchy and province including the greater part of the valleys of the Garonne and Dordogne.

Hagenbach, Peter von, govemor of Charles the Bold in Burgundy, executed.

Hainaut, Jlainaulty or Hennégau\ a province of the Netherlands, south of E. Flanders.

Henri, Don, Prince Henry the Navigator^ brother of Alfonso V. of Portugal.

HÉRicouRT, a town on the N.E.

of Franche Comté, near Montbelliard.

Hermann de Hesse, Hermann the Pectcefulf Canon and afterwards Archbishop of Cologne.

Hollande, the country between the Zuyder Zee and the North Sea, whose name is often used for the whole of the Northern Netherlands.

INDEX

Ronfleur, a port of Normandy, on the estuary of the Seine.

Howard, Lord, afterwards Duke of Norfolk, kUled at Bosworth

Humbercourt, a trusted minister

of Charles the Bold, executed

by the people of Ghent 1477*

HUNIADE, ycfAn Hunyady or HuniadeSf who defended Hungary against the Turks. His son Matthias Corvinus was chosen King of Hungary 1458.

HuY, a town on the Meuse, between Liège and Namur.

Jean II., John IL, Kingof Aragon.

Joux, a castle in the Jura mountains.

Julien de M^dicis, Giuliano d^ Medicif brother of Lorenzo de' Medici, murdered 1478 by the Pazzi.

Jura, the range of mountains S.E.

of Franche Comté, now separating France from Switzerland.

Lagny, a town on the Marne, E.

of Paris.

La Marche, Olivier de. Captain of the Guard to Charles the Bold, and author of memoirs.

Langres, a town in the S.E. of Champagne (modem Department of Haute Marne).

Laon, a city N.E. of Paris, in the modem Department of Aisne.

Laupen, a town on the Saane, on the bourdary between the Cantons of Berne and Freiburg.

Laurent de M]£dicis, Lorenzo de* Medici, known as the Magnificent, the chief man in Florence 1478-1492.

Lausanne, a city on the N.

shore of the Lake of Geneva.

Lescun, Odet d'Aidie, Sire de, a Gascon noble, favourite of the Duke of Brittany and then of

Louis XI.'s brother, the Duke of Berry.

Liège or LUttich, an important city of Belgium, on the Meuse, formerly govemed by a Prince Bishop.

LiMBURG, a district and town of the Netherlands, £. of Liège.

Loire, the great river of central France.

Lorraine, or Lothringen, a German Duchy on the E. frontier of France, always a debatable land between France and the Empire.

Louis XL, King of France 1461-

LouvAiN or Lowettt a city of Brabant, E. of Brussels.

LucERNE, on the lake of the same name, the capital of one of the Swiss cantons.

Ludovic le More, Ludovico Sforza, surnamed // Moroy brother of Galeazzo Sforza, Duke of Milan, and himself Duke for a few years, 1494 — 1500. He died a prisoner in France, 1508.

Luxembourg, an importantDuchy in the S. E. of the Netherlands.

Lyon, the chief city of S.E.

France, at the junction of the Rhône and Saône.

Machiavel, Niccolo Macchia"

velli, 1469-152 7, the celebrated

Florentine writer and diploma-

tist.

MÂCON, a town in the S.E. of the

Duchy of Burgundy, on the

Saône (modem Department of

Saône et Loire).

Maëstricht, or Maastricht, a

town on the Meuse or Maas, N.

of Liège.

Maine, Duc du, Charles, Duke

of Maine, brother of René of

Anjou.

Mali NES, or Mechlin, a city in

146 INDEX

Brabant, between Brussels and Antwerp.

Mantes, a town on the Seine, below Paris (modem Department of Seine et Oise).

Marcel, Etienne, Provostofthe Merchants at Paris, and leader of the movement for reform in

Marguerite d'Anjou, daughter

of René of Anjou, and wife of Henry VI. of Éngland.

Maximilien, Maximilian /., son of the Emperor Frederick III.

and himself Emperor 1493 —

Mayence, or Mainz^ an important city of W. Germany, at the junction of the Rhine and Main, formerly the capital of the Electorate of Mainz.

MÉNiPPÉE, Satire, a political satire which appeared in Fiance 1594 during the Wars of Religion.

Milan, the chief city of Lombardy, in N. Italy.

MoLiNET, the successor of Chastellain as chronicler of Burgundy.

MoNTBELLiARD, or Mûmpelgord^ a town and small district on the E. of Franche Comté, which in the time of Charles the Bold, and for long after, belonged to the Dukes of Wurtemburg.

Montfort-l*Amaury, a town about 25 miles to the west of Paris (Department of Seine et Oise).

Montlhéry, a place midway between Paris and Étampes, on the main road south from Paris.

MoNTLUÇON, a town on the Cher, in the Duchy of Bourbon (Department of Allier).

MoNTMÉLiAN, a town in the S.

of Savoy, on the Isère.

MoRAT, or Murten^ a place on the

small lake of the same name, between Neufchatel and Berne.

MoRGES, a town on the N. shore of the Lake of Geneva.

Moulins, the chief town of the Duchy of Bourbon, on the Allier (Department of Allier).

Mulhouse, or Mùhlhausen^ a city of Southern Alsace.

Munster, a place formerly in Aargau, now in the extrême W.

of the Canton of Luceme.

Namur, an important town of Belgium, at the junction of the Sambre and Meuse.

Kantes, the chief city of Southern Brittany, near the mouth of the Loire.

Nemours, a duchy lying across the R. Yonne, between Brie and Champagne.

Nemours, Duc t>e, y acçues d* Armagnac^ bom 1437, executed by Louis XL 1477*

Nesle, a smail town in the Vermandois (Department of Somme), near Péronne.

Neufchatel, a town, now the capital of a Swiss Canton, on the Lake of Neufchatel.

Neuss, a town on the Rhine, to the N.W. of Cologne.

Nevers, Duc de, John of Burgundy, a cousin of Charles the Bold, and faithless to Louis XI.

in the War of the Public Weal.

Notre Dame, the great cathedral of Paris.

Noyon, a town on the Oise (Department of Oise).

Olivier Le Daim, also called le Mauvais and le Diable, a favourite of Louis XL, executed 1484.

Pazzi, a Florentine family whose members tried to assassinate the Medici in church, 1478.

INDEX

Pecquigny, or Picquigny^ a small place on the Somme, below Amiens.

Péronne, a fortress on the upper Somme, in Picardy (Department of Somme).

Perpignan, the chief town of Roussillon, N. of the eastem extreraity of the Pyrénées.

Philippe le Bon, Philip the Goodj Duke of Bargundy, 1419-

Philippe le Hardi, Philip the

. JBûld, son of Jolm King of France, and first of the Valois Dukes of Burgundy.

Picardie, a northem province of France, much the same in extent as the modem Department of the Somme.

Plessis-les-Tours, a castle on the Loire, close to Tours.

POMFRET, or Pontefrcut, in Yorkshire, where Richard IL was imprisoned, and, it is supposed, murdered.

PoNCET DE LA RiviÈRE, a favour»

ite of Louis XL, afterwards disgraced by him.

PONTARLIER, a town of Franche Comté, near the source of the Doubs.

Pont du Diable, the DeviVs Bridge^ over the wild torrent of the Reuss, near Andermatt.

PONTHIEU, the western part of Picardy.

PoNTOisE, a town on the Oise near its junction with the Seine.

Provence, the S.E. angle of France, formerly an independent kingdom, but acquired by Louis XL in 1481.

Provins, a town in the N. of the Duchy of Nemours (modern Department of Seine et Marne), a few miles N. of the Seine.

POY, le, a town on the upper

Loire (Department of the Haute Loire).

Raulin, Chancellor of Burgundy

under Philip the Bold.

René d* Anjou, son of Louis II,

of Anjou, titular King of Naples,

Sicily and Jérusalem (1409-

René de Lorraine, grandson of

René of Anjou, and Duke of

Lorraine.

Rennes, the chief cîty of N. Brit-

tany, at the junction of the lUe

and Vilaine.

Reuss, a torrent river flowing

through the Canton of Uri into

the Lake of Lucerne.

Richard IL, King of England

'377-1399- Richard III., King of England

RiOM, a place a few miles north of Clermont in Auvergne (Department of Puy de Dôme).

Rochelle, la, an important seaport on the W. coast of France (Department of Charente Inférieure).

RoMONT, Comte de, Marshal of Burgundy, and commander of part of Charles the Bold*s forces.

RouAULT, Maréchal de, Joachim Rouatdt de Gamache^ Constable of Bordeaux, died 1479*

Rouen, the chief city of Normandy, near the mouth of the Seine.

Roussillon, a province N. of the E. Pyrénées, debated between France and Spain.

Saint-Amand, a town on the

Cher, S. of Bourges.

S ai NT- Antoine, an abbey out-

side mediaeval Paris, to the E.

of the city. The Faubourg Saint

Antoine was a suburb roimd the

148 INDEX

Abbey, and the Porte Saint- Antoine led to the suburb.

Saint-Cloud, a small town on

the Seine, just below Paris.

Saint-Denis, a small town near

Paris, on the N.

Sainte Geneviève, the patron

saint of Paris.

Saint-Honoré, a faubourg and

^te to the west of the mediaeval

city of Paris.

Saint-Jacques, a place near Ba-

sel, where the French destroyed

a small Swiss force, 1444.

Saint-Jean d*Angely, a town

in Saintonge (Department of

Charente Inférieure).

Saint-Lazare, a hospital out-

side the walls of old Paris, to

the north.

Saint-Maur, a small town on the

Marne, just above its junction

with the Seine.

Saint-Nicolas, a town near

Nancy, to the S.E.

Saintonge, a province of Fiance

on the lower Charente.

Saint-Pol, Connétable de,

Louis of Luxemburgj Count of

Saint'Pol (1418-1475). He was

made Constable of France, but

in 1475 executed by Louis XI.

Saint-Quentin, a fortified town

of Picardy, near the source of

the Somme.

Salins, a town in the S. of Franche

Comté (Department of Jura). Sancerre, a town in the £. of the

Duchy of Berry, on the Loire.

SCHWITZ, or Schwytz^ one of the

three Forest Cantons of Switzer*

land.

Sens, a city of Champagne on the

Yonne (Department of Yonne).

Sforza, Francesco, a celebrated

Italian Condottiere, and Duke

of Milan 1450-1466.

SiGiSMOND, Duke of Austria,

145 7-1489, died 1496.

SiSMONDi, 1 773-1842, an eminent French historian, best known by his History of the Italian Republics.

Sixte IV., Pope 1 471-1484.

Soleure, or Solotkum, one of the Swiss Cantons.

Stanley, Lord, Thomas^ aflerwards Earl of Derby.

Strasbourg, or Strasshurg^ on the 111, the chief city of Alsace.

SUFFOLK, John de la Pôle, Earl of commanded the English forces in France in Henry VI. *s reign.

He was murdered 1450.

Talbot, yohftf Earl of Shrews* bury, commanding the English forces in France. He was killed in battle at Castillon near Bordeaux, 1453.

Tarente, Prince de, the eldest son of Ferdinand I. King of Naples.

Thann, a town of S. Alsace, near Miihlhausen.

ToNGRES, a town in the Bishopric of Liège, a few miles N. of Liège.

Toulouse, the chief city of Guienne, on the Upper Garonne.

Tournai, a town in the S. of Flanders, on the Scheldt.

Trêves, or Trier, a city of W.

Germany, on the Moselle, formerly the seat of an Ëlectorate.

Tristan L'Hermite, Master of the Ordnance, and Provost Marshal under Charles VIL and Louis XL

Underwald, or Unterwalden, and Uri, two of the three Forest Cantons of Switzerland.

Utrecht, a city and province of the Netherlands, formerly governed by a Prince Bishop.

Vaud, the country between the

INDEX

Lakes of Geneva and Neufcha-

tel, formerly belonging to Savoy,

but conquered by the Swiss.

Vaumarcus, a village and castle

on the Lake of Neufchatel, N.£.

firom Grandson.

Vendôme, a district of central

France, on the river Loir.

Vermandois, the eastem portion

of Picardy.

Villers-le-Bel, a small place

near Paris, on the Marne.

Vincennes, a castle and town a

small distance £. of Paris.

Voltaire, i 694-1 778, the chief

poet, historian and satirist of

France in his time.

Vosges, a range of hills between

Alsace and Lorraine.

Wallons, Walloons, a Frenchspeaking race inhabiting the southem parts of Belgium.

Warwick, Richard Neville, Earl of (the Kingmaker), killed at Bamet 147 1.

Yolande de Bar, daughter of John I. King of Aragon, wife of Louis II. of Anjou, and mother of Marie of Anjou, wife of Charles VII.

Ypres, an important city of Flanders.

Zurich, one of the chief cities and Cantons of Switzerland.