His dantem jm^a Catonem^ see Virgil, ^n. viii

1. 26. Louis de Fontanes (1761 — 182 1) was the officiai littérateur of the Empire. His poetry, although graceful and harmonious, has no pretensions to originality.

Joseph Joubert (1734 — 1824), the intimate friend of Fontanes and Châteaubriand ; a man of exquisite taste, but who has left behind him no literary work except a small collection of detached thoughts, which have been several times reprinted.

Charles Julien Pioult de Chênedollé (i']6() — 1833), a descriptive poet of some talent. On him see M. Sainte-Beuve's Châteatibriand et son groupe.

1. 27. comme critique et comme juge, as président of the Corps Législatif member of the Institute and grand master of the French university,

86 M. DARIS.

his duty obliged him to be constantly pjLnegyrizing\ and he did so with better taste than might perhaps have been expected.

P. 48, 1. I. bien autrement = l 'en phis, Î2iX moxQ. il tranchait, he assumed a tre^" c hant tone.

1. 13. eussent point à beau/oup près, had not byfar; liter. near to much.

1. 15. ils ne laissaient pa . , .de composer, they composed nevertheless. 1. 18. somme toute, tal- ig them altogether. nne bonne race, a gooô jreed.

1. 21. la société d'Aideuil, The free-thinking disciples of Voltaire and Rousseau used to i^^ssemble at Auteuil, near Paris, in the drawingroom of Madame Heivétius, and there, in their éloquent conversations, they both discussed the great questions of metaphysics, and encouraged each other in their adhérence to those principles of liberty which the Premier Consul had trampled under foot. Thus, through the force of circumstances, the celebrated société Auteuil was the great centre of constitutionaJ opposition to Bonaparte, and, from its midst came forth those who, m 1815, voted for the dethronement of the Emperor.

1. 23. '^ierre Louis Ginguené — 18 16). His history of Italian literature is well known.

Pierre Claude François Daunou (1761 — 1840), distinguished as an élégant and learned historian. His Cours d'études historiques (20 vols. 8vo.) has earned for him much réputation; *'le caractère, l'érudition et les talents de Daunou lui ont mérité l'estime générale.'' (Vapereau.)

Antoine Louis Claude Destutt de Tracy (1754 — 1836). The metaphysician of the Auteuil coterie ; a good writer, but anunsound philosopher, because his System rests exclusively upon a physiological basis.

1. 27. d''une continuité plus modérée, more moderate in their uniformity.

1. 30. de 18 12. Invasion of Russia by Napoléon. The French defeated in Spain.

P. 49, 1. 9. Paul, count de Ségur (1780 — 1873). His LIistoire de Napoléon et de la Grande Armée en 18 12, published for the first time in 1824, obtained at once the greatest success; but it was generally thought to be written too much with a view to effect.

1. 10. Géraud Christophe Michel Duroc, Duke de Frioul (17 72 — 1813), one of the bravest and most faithful of Napoleon's gênerais.

Armand Augustin de Caulaincourt, Duke de Vicence (1772 — 1827),

NOTES, 87

celebrated as a diplomatist, minister of foreign affairs in 1814, and during the "himdred days."