en connaissance de cause, knowingly

1. 5. Pierre Jean Grosley (1718 — 1785), a distinguished antiquarian and scholar, known as much for his humour as for his learning.

1. 20. par Salluste. Caius Sallustiits Crispus (b. c. 86 — 34). Saint-Réal's affectation to imitate the style of Sallust has often been noticed.

P. 59, 1. 2. se cantonner, literally, settle himself down, i. e. confine his attention to.

1. 10. de Walter Scott oii de Froissart ; 2, school of writers who took for their motto the words of Quintilian : scribitur ad narrandum, non ad pi'obandum, and who, attempting to revive the style of the old chroniclers, maintained that it is the duty of every historian to let events speak for themselves. — M. de Barante (1782 — 1866), the most brilliant représentative of that school, had published in 1824, the first volume of his Histoire des ducs de Bourgogne de la maison de Valois, — jfean Froissart (1337 — 1410) the historian of chivalry, and of feudalism.

1. 16. la forêt Celtique, the forest of Brocëliande, where the enchanter Merlin perished, according to Celtic tradition. See M. de la Villemarqué's Ro^nans de la table ronde,

1. 20. Pierre Louis Rœderer (1754 — 1835), created count of the Empire by Napoléon; managed to serve in succession ail the governments vi^hich ruled in France between 1789 and 1830. Mallet du Pan has said of him : **I1 a serpenté avec succès au travers des orages et des partis, se réservant toujours des expédients, quelque fût l'événement."

Anne de Bretagne (1476 — 15 14), daughter of Francis II., Duke of Brittany, married in 1491, to Charles VIII., King of France, and in 1499 to Louis XII.

1. 21. Louis XII, (1462 — 15 15), King of France in 1498, at the death of Charles VIII.

Rœderer's work, alluded to here by M. Sainte-Beuve, is his Mémoire pour servir à r histoire de la société polie en France; **oii," says M. Vapereau, "l'auteur fait remonter jusqu'à la cour de Louis XII et à

NOTES. 91

Anne de Bretagne le modèle de la politesse Française." On Rœderer, see the CatiseiHes du Lundis vol. viii.

1. -26. Combat des Trente; supposed to have taken place between thirty Bretons and thirty Englishmen, in 135 1, near Ploermel. See M. Siméon Luce's Histoire de Bertrand Du Guesclin et de son époque^ vol. I. p. 116.

P. 60, 1. 3. que Guillau7ne Tell n'a jamais existe. Jacob Grimm is no doubt the érudit here alluded to. For this interesting question see M. Albert Rilliet's Origines de la Confédération Suisse, pp. 214 and following.

1. 4. atix heures sérieuses, when the mind is disposed to serious studies. 1. 5. se lit, idiomatic for est lue.

1. 9. Antoine Count Drouot (1774 — 1847), one of the finest characters of the Impérial epoch, surnamed by Napoléon le Sage de la grande armée, remarkable equally for military qualities and private virtues. His funeral oration was pronounced by Father Lacordaire. He accepted and performed the difflcult task of disbanding the armée de la Loire. On him see an excellent article in the Biographie Universelle.

1. 13. Louis François Xavier (1755 — 1824), Monsieur, Count de Provence, brother of Louis XVI., ascended the French throne in 1814; a clever and enlightened king.

1. 28. du Code civil qu^on osait remettre en cause. The Code civil or Code Napoléon was published in 1804.

qtCon osait, etc., which some persons dared to call in question ; liter. to bring into judgment.

P. 61, 1. 21. il était (un) des moins sujets..., he was one of the least accessible to illusions.

1. 32. C^est zme illusion que de chercher = chercher une constitution... est une illusion. De and que here are redundant.

P. 62, 1. 2. quHl eût pu... y eût-il consenti, for qtîHl aurait pu... y aurait-il consenti.