Milan n'était pas médiocre sous Vinci. The

most celebrated painting of Leonardo da Vinci in Milan is the Last Supper painted on the wall of a portion of a former convent about 1499.

18. sa cathédrale de neige, éblouissante de statues. The magnificent marble cathedral of Milan was begun in 1386 and is not yet finished; the roof is adorned with about 2000 statues.

172. — 16. Cette vision ... du pape siégeant avec le Turc. Pope Alexander VI corresponded with the Sultan and was paid by him to keep his brother a prisoner. It is said that the pope's friendship for the Sultan went so far that he created protégés of the Turk bishops and cardinals.

174. — 2. celle du système du monde. Copernicus detected the error of the old Ptolemaic system which made the earth, not the sun, the center of the universe. This discovery was condemned by the pope as being opposed to the ideas expressed in the Bible.

175. — 17. l'imprimerie. Gutenberg (of Mainz) was the first to use movable type, about 1436; the first Parisian printing establishment was founded in 1469. Among the most celebrated printers of the sixteenth century were Aldus Manutius (founder of the Aldine press at Venice), Estienne (French), Elzevir (Dutch), Junte (Venetian), Froben (of Bale).

177. — 12. l'Amérique qui l'a démenti. That is, America has not remained Roman Catholic, but has become Protestant. — 16. Le second démenti, see note to p. 174, 1. 2.