cette femme intrépide. See note to p
261. — 29. Suisses. Foreign troops in the service of the king. The Swiss Guards faithfully stood by the king when the palace of the Tuileries was attacked August 10, 1792, and were all slaughtered.
262. — 5. Le 14, vers minuit. The reference is to the night between July 13 and 14.
268. — 22. les électeurs. At this time the title was given to a few citizens who had the right to elect certain officers, especially to those who chose the representatives for the States General. Now any Frenchman becomes an elector at the age of twenty-one.
269. — 8. ses Suisses et ses Allemands. Foreign troops in the service of the king (see also note to p. 261, 1. 29).
272. — 12. cinq heures durant. Prepositions rarely follow their substantives in French. Even durant may precede. This preposition is really a present participle. Compare, for the same position of a present participle, cependant {ce- pendant) and maintenant {main-tenant). As a preposition durant differs from pendant in that it means not so much at some time during as during the whole time.
VOCABULARY
ABBREVIATIONS
The following abbreviations have been used in the vocabulary:
adj.
adjective
line
adv.
adverb
masculine substantive
art.
article
masculine and feminine
card.
cardinal numeral
substantive
cf.
compare
ord.
ordinal numeral
conj.
conjunction
page
conj. pr
. conjunctive pronoun
pi.
plural
def.
definite
poss.
possessive
dem.
demonstrative
pr.
- pronoun
disj. pr.
disjunctive pronoun
prep.
preposition
feminine substantive
refl.
reflexive
following
rel.
relative
indef.
indefinite
substantive
int.
interrogative
verb
interj.
interjection
VOCABULARY
à, prep, to, at, in, on, by, with, for, belonging to, until, from, of, to the point of; un homme — lui, one of his men, à man of his.
Abailard (Pierre), scholastic philosopher and theologian, born near Nantes, celebrated for his love for Héloïse and for his misfortunes (107 9-1 142; the name is also written Abelard).
abaisser, v. to lower, diminish; s' — , be lowered, become lower, sink, be leveled.
abandonner, v. to abandon.
abarca, /. sole of coarse leather, leggings (Spanish).
abattoir, m. slaughter-house.
abattre, v. to fell, hew down, knock down, throw down.
abbaye, /. abbey.
abbé, m. abbot, abbé (general title for Catholic priests).
abbesse, /. abbess.
Abdérame, Abd-er-Rahman, Saracen emir of Spain, defeated by Charles -Martel in the celebrated battle of Poitiers (732), which saved the Christian civilization of the West from conquest by the Mussulmans.
abdiquer, v. to abdicate, resign.
Abel, second son of Adam and Eve, killed by his brother Cain (Bible).
abîme, m. abyss.
abîmer, v. to plunge into an abyss, be lost (in), ruin; s' — , be swallowed up, bury oneself, sink, fall into an abyss.
abjuration, /. abjuration, renunciation (of faith, etc.).
abjurer, v. to abjure, forswear, conjure.
abois, m. pi. extremity, distress; aux — , at bay.
abolir, v. to abolish.
abondance, /. abundance.
abonder, v. to abound; abondant, -e, abundant, plentiful.
abord, m. access, arrival; d' — , at first, in the first place; tout d' — , from the very first, at once.
aborder, v. to board, accost, come up to, arrive, land.
aboyer, v. to bark.
Abraham, patriarch, father of Isaac, ancestor of the Hebrews, one of the greatest figures of the Old Testament.
abréger, v. to abridge, cut short, shorten.
abreuver, v. to quench the thirst of, give water to, slake one's thirst.
VOCABULARY
abri, m. shelter; mettre à 1' — de, to protect from.
abriter, v. to shelter.
abrupt, -e, adj. abrupt, steep.
Abruzzes (les), m. pi. the Abruzzi, a mountainous region of the Italian peninsula, lying east of Rome and extending to the Adriatic; the name is plural because of the four provinces embraced by the entire district.
absence, /. absence.
absenter (s'), v. to absent oneself, be away.
absorber, v. to absorb.
abstenir (s'), v. to abstain.
abstinence, /. abstinence, temperance, fasting.
abstrait, -e, adj. abstract.
absurde, adj. and m. absurd.
absurdité, /. absurdity.
abuser, v. to abuse, take advantage, delude, deceive.
accabler, v. to overwhelm, crush.
accent, m. accent, note.
accepter, v. to accept.
accès, m. access, attack, fit, start.
accident, m. accident, irregularity.
accointance, /. acquaintance, intimacy, dealings.
accommoder, v. to accommodate, adapt, adjust.
accompagner, v. to accompany.
accomplir, v. to accomplish, effect; s' — , be accomplished.
accord, m. accord, harmony, agreement.
accorder, v. to accord, gra; t,
give; s' — , agree, harmonize, concur.
accouchement, m. delivery, confinement.
accoucher, v. to be delivered, give birth to a child.
accrocher, v. to hang up, hang, hook; s' — , hang, be caught.
accroître, v. to increase; s' — , increase.
accueil, m. reception, welcome.
accueillir, v. to receive, make welcome, welcome.
accumuler, v. to accumulate, amass, crowd; s' — , accumulate, be accumulated.
accusateur, m. accuser, plaintiff.
accusation, /. accusation, indictment, charge.
accuser, v. to accuse, give notice of, betray; accusé, -e, adj. and s. accused, one accused, defendant.
acerbe, adj. sharp, sour, harsh.
acharner, v. to infuriate; s' — , be infuriated, be fierce, set furiously (upon); acharné, -e, infuriated, implacable.
acheminer, v. to forward; s' — , go on, set out.
acheter, v. to buy.
acheteur, m. buyer.
achever, v. to complete, finish, achieve, succeed in, despatch (kill); s' — , be finished, come to an end, be perfected.
acier, m. steel.
Acier (d'), Protestant leader, saved by Guise in the massacre of Saint Bartholomew; he then went over lo the Catholic party.
VOCABULARY
acolyte, m. acolyte.
acre, adj. sharp, sour, biting.
