Les . . . outranciers. See article Zola, page 24, note

5. Qui . . .sens : who wildly act up to their own prineiples.

Page 52. — 1. Montesquieu. A great writer of the eighteenth century, author of Considérations sur les Causes de la Grandeur et de la Décadence des Romains, V Esprit des Lois. His works exerted a powerful influence on the philosophers of his century and on the writers of the Encyclopédie.

GUY DE MAUPASSANT

First Article.

Guy de Maupassant was born at Paris, in 1850. Although a realistic writer in the largest sensé of the word, he cannot^be said to belong to any school. After having frequented the " chapel " where Zola acted as a priest of the Naturalist school, he withdrew from every coterie and wrote according to his own literary and artistic ideas. His style is classic in its pureness, simplicity, limpidity. Maupassant is the father of the contemporary " conteurs." He renewed the short story, called " nouvelle," which proved to be so successful and so well adapted to the French mind, quick, bright, and pungent. Among his novels we shall name : Bel Ami, Pierre et Jean, Une Vie, Mont~Oriol, Fort comme la Mort, Notre Cœur. Maupassant died in 1893.

Page 53. — 1. Théophile Gautier. Novelist, critic, and poet. Théophile Gautier was born in Tarbes, 181 1. He played a very prominent part in the Roman tic évolution, and was a great admirer of Victor Hugo. His picturesque and chiseled style, so to speak, caused him to be surnamed the Benvenuto of style. His best-known novels are : Le Capitaine Fracasse, Mademoiselle de Maupin, Avatar, a séries of short " Contes," Un Voyage en Espagne.

2. Conspuer les pudeurs bourgeoises : to cry down the feelings of propriety of Philistines.

3. Les vertus . . . suries : rancid virtues and stale ckastities.

4. Si . . . Pauteur : if his tf Taies" were only remarkable for the "songêne," i.e. the freeness with which the author chooses and treats his subjects. Sans-gêne : f ree and easy manners, liberty, license.