Il . . . dernier : he belongs to the last century

4. Condillac (171 5-1 780). A great philosopher of the eighteenth century. His famous Traité des Sensations made him the father of Sensationalism. He held that ail ideas and mental opérations are only transformations of sensation. His other works are : Essai sur VOrigine des Connaissances Humaines, Traité des Systèmes, Logique, Art de Raisonner, Langue des Calculs. He was elected member of the French Academy of Sciences in 1768, and was the friend of Rousseau, Diderot, Duclos.

5. Cabanis (1757-1S08). A physician and philosopher of the eighteenth century. His chief work is Rapports du Physique et du Moral de VHort.me. At the outbreak of the Révolution he attached himself to the popular side. During the Terreur he lived in retirement. He afterwards entered the Médical School at Paris, became a member of the Conseil des Cinq Cents, thên of the Senate.

6. Destutt de Tracy (17 54-1 836). A philosopher of the latter part of the eighteenth century. He entered the army, was appointed colonel, then entered the États- Généraux as a représentative of the nobility. He was imprisoned during the Terreur. In 1832 he was elected member of the Academy, and became a Senator during the Restoration.

Page 129. — 1. Après . . . ponts: a/ter so many years hâve gone by ; a colloquial expression.

2. La Beauce. Name of an ancien t " pays " of France, situated southwest of Paris. It is famous for its wheat.

3. Il . . . l'expérience: he is the first whose dramatic criticisms are backed by expérience.

Page 130. — 1. Diderot (17 15-1780). A famous writer of the eighteenth century and founder of the great work V Encyclopédie, for which he worked the greatest part of his life, writing ail the articles on art, on the différent trades, and many others. He had one of the broadest intellects of modem times, but he wasted the forces of his fine mind over too many fields. He wrote dramas belonging to the Comédie Bourgeoise, which hâve no great merits. His Salons, a séries of criticisms on painting, are among his best works.

2. Grimm (1 723-1807). Friedrich Melchior, Baron Grimm, a clever German critic who was acquainted with everybody of note in Paris in the last part of the eighteenth century. He became secretary to Count Friesen, next to the Duke of Orléans, and began to write for several German princes those famous literary bulletins which contain the most trenchant criticism on ail the most important of current French books. His Correspondance Littéraire, Philosophique et Critique was published after his death.

3. La Harpe (1 739-1803). A French writer of the eighteenth century, author of a successful tragedy Warwick, of an éloquent séries of Éloges, and of the well-known Lycée or Cours de Littérature, which remained for a long time a standard of literary criticism ; but it is no longer held in great considération in conséquence of his partiality, his bitterness, and his superficiality.

4. Geoffroy. A critic and a man of letters, born in 1763, died in 18 14. He was the editor of the Année Littéraire after Fréron, then he founded the Ami du Roi, and afterwards wrote the theatrical critiques in the Journal

des Débats, which won him great success. Thèse last articles were published after his death under the name of Cours de Littérature Dramatique.

5. Sans . . . elles-mêmes : without putting thèse very ru/es to the test.

6. Fiorentino. Pierre- Ange Fiorentino, a littérateur, a journalist, and a critic, born in Naples in 1806, died in 1864.

7. Théophile Gautier. A fine poet and prose-writer, born in 181 1. He at first applied himself to painting, then to literature. He attached himself to Victor Hugo, and became one of the most zealous roman ticists. Emaux et Camées are his first poems worth mentioning. They are sparkling with beauties. Among his novels, the best are: Mademoiselle de Maupin, — if style alone is considered, — Fortunio, La Peau de Tigre, Le Capitaine Fracasse. V Histoire de Part Dramatique en France is a fine séries of theatrical criticisms. His Voyage en Russie, Voyage en Espagne are the most picturesque books of travel ever written. He died in 1872.

8. Jules Janin. A French critic, novelist, and journalist. He wrote the Quotidienne for the Figaro and the dramatic critique in the Journal des Débats, remarkable for its wit and vivacity. He has been surnamed " Le prince des critiques." As a novelist he wrote VAne mort et la Femme Guillotinée, Barnave. He was elected a member of the Academy, amd died in 1874.