Armorique, Brittany. Armor means the sea-country

5. jusqu'à qualifier parfois d'étranger, to the point sometimes of calling étranger .

Page 98. 1. du plébiscite impérial, December 2, 1852, Napoléon III, who had made himself de facto emperor of France by his coup d'état of December, 1851, won popular récognition by a plébiscite , or popular référendum.

2. nous a coûté dix milliards et deux provinces, the war of 1870- 1871 with Prussia cost France five billions of francs and the loss of Alsace-Lorraine, now recovered.

3. congrégation de l'Index, a Roman catholic committee at Rome. It censures books and doctrines contrary to'the Catholic creed, and keeps a record, or index, of ail publications more or less contrary to the faith. They are kept in the index donec corrigantur, i.e., untU they are corrected.

Page 99. 1. la loi de séparation, the law which separated the Church from the State in France. The law was voted in 1905. Up to that time most of the French dénominations and churches had lived under the so-called Concordai, or contract, arranged in 1801 between Napoléon I and Pope Pius VII. The concordat made priests and other ministers of religion the salaried officiais of the State.

Page 100. 1. conseils locaux et régionaux, municipal and départ' **^ coundh. Every French département has its conseil général,

tM^Vti

and every town or village of importance its conseil municipal. The conseil général is a body elected to help the préfd. (prefect) in the administration of the département. The conseillers généraux also elect the French senators. In every arrondissement (county) there is also a body elected to assist the sous-préfet {svb-prefect); its fonctions are very similar to those of the conseil général and it is called conseil d* arrondissement (county councU). The conseil municipal assists the mayor in the administration of every town and village.

Page 103. 1. The plot of this noyel is as foUows. Henri, Marquis of Puymauf ray, has a daughter, (Claude, who does not know that the marquis is l^er father. Claude is in the hands and care of Dominique Harlé, her légal guardian sînce the death of her mother, Claire. Dominique and Henri are two men of distinctly opposed standards and ideas. Henri de Puymauf ray hâtes to see Claude give herself almost entirely to frivolity and social ambitions, according to Dominique Harlé's ideals and directions. Henri does his best to recover Claude's sympathies and win her over to Ms side. After many attempts he finally fails. "The strongest,'' that is to say, Dominique Harlé and his like, backed by Society, money, and a matter-of-fact philosophy of life, are apparently the winners. Claude marries a man of Harlé's own choice, and Henri de Puymauf ray retires to his solitary manor. His de facto def eat has lef t him still an idealist, rich in f aith, hôpe, and charity and, though Clemenceau does not state it, it is clear from the book that "the strongesf' after ail is Henri, the idealist, and not Dominique, the unscrupulous utilitarian.

2. Un soleil vitreux, etc., a hazy sun dissolving into chilly light through the mist in which erUvdned branches shiver.

3. Puymaufray-en-Poitou, Poitou is a province of western France with Poitiers for its capital. There, on the border of Poitou and Vendée, Clemenceau has located the manor of Henri de Puymaufray. The description tallies very well with his own ancestral abode, the château de VAuhraie.

4. sur la pftte rougie, on the incandescent or white-hot lump of iron.

Page 104. 1. qui vient se chauffer les yeux, or as we would say, who cornes to warm his hands.

2. un foyer de rumeurs, etc., a news centerfor those who corne oui of curiosity.

3. aspergeait le brasier, etc., sprinkled the forge with a Utile wet hroom to stir thefire.

4. peau de bique et cape fourrée, supply en before peau and cape.

5. M. Henri, the marquis de Puymauf ray, who now lives a loriely lif e in his manor, after much time spent in society circles in Paris and a romantic love affair with Claire Harlé, Claude's mother, now dead.