l'Arsenal, a public library in Paris

3. l'École des Chartes, a school in Paris to teach future historians, scholars, and especially librarians, how to read and use ancient and particularly médiéval manuscript^ and documents ("c/mr/es")-

4. les temps mérovingiens, the times of the Merovingians, the fîrst royal dynasty of France (500-752). The Merovingians took their name from Merovaeus, a supposed early king of the Franks (448-458?).

5. l'Institut, the French Institute which includes the five French Académies: 1. The French Academy, 2. The Academy of Inscriptions and Belles Lettres, 3. The Academy of Moral and Political Science^ 4. The Academy of Science, 5. The Academy of Fine Arts.