Pluton, Pluto, the god of the lower world

508. Bubens, Peter Paul Rubens, the great Flemish painter, who lived from 1577-1640. Famous as a colorist, he painted many pictures of various kinds, including historical and religious subjects, portraits, and landscapes. Probably his most celebrated painting is the " Descent from the Cross," now to be seen in Antwerp.

500. à mêler . . . quelque hideuse figure. The same idea is expressed in many of the religious paintings of the old masters, where in pictures like the *^Last Supper," it is not unusual to find cats and dogs quarrelling together under the table.

531. Françoise de Blmlnl, Francesca da Rimini, an Italian lady

of the 18th centnry, and wife of Giovanni Malatesta. Dante tells of her love for her husband's jounger brother, Paolo, and their death at his hand, in the 5th canto of the Inferno, beginning" with line 100. Silvio Pellico wrote a tragedy on this subject, Leigh Hunt a poem, and in 1899 Mr. Stephen Philips published a drama in verse, Paolo and Francesca, which attracted wide attention and was awarded the Academy prize as the most important contribution to English literature for that ^ear. Beatrix, Beatrice Fortina/ri (1266-1290), wife of Simone de» Bardl, the Beatrice of Dante's Vita Nicova and Ditrina Commedia, and the object of his early affection, later idealized and made his guide through Paradise.

534. Ugolin, UgoUno della ^GFhM-aa-desca (d. 1280), a partizah leader in Pisa, who was finally overthrown and starved to death in prison, in company with his two sons and two nephews. Dante tells this story in the 83rd canto of the Inferno, beginning with line 5,and in his account,Ugolino, finally crazed with grief and hunger, eats the dead bodies of the youths who have died before him.

540. les aulnes, les brucolaques, les asploles, various evil spirits reputed to exist in mediaeval times, les psylles, the snake charmers,

644. La Vénus antique. Hugo probably refers to the Venus as portrayed in the ordinary statue, and not to the then newly discovered FénMS de Milo^ wherein for the first time in the treatment of this subject, Aphrodite is represented not merely as a beautiful woman, but as a goddess.

545. Jean Goujon, a celebrated French sculptor and architect, born in Paris in 1515.