roi Louis. Louis XII., King of France

346. la bulle d'or. TTie Oolden Bull (so called on aciîount of its seal), was an edict published by the Emperor Charles VI. at the Diet of Nuremberg in 1356, containing the electoral code of the empire, which determined the powers of electors and the method of procedure in choosing, the King of the Bomans.

350. à mon cimier, translate, upon my coat of arms. Cimier, as a term in heraldry, means the ornament put upon the upper part of a coat of arms to designate the rank or position of its owner. •

857. en Flandre, Flanders, an ancient country of Europe, exextending along the North Sea from Calais to the mouth of the Schelde, and comprising parts of northern France, Belgium, and Holland, as these countries exist to-day.

350. Je veux le gagner de vitesse, an idiom for arriver avant lui, or le prévenir, which is better here, and should be translated, / ddire to anticipate him.

363. duo d'Arcos. This reference to the Duke of Arcos is generally criticized as an anachronism, inasmuch as there was no actual duke of that name then living. It seems preferable, however, to assume that Hugo was aware of this, and that he merely used the name as one well known in Spain, without intending to refer to any real person. He was not writing history and he wanted local color.

867. Oalioe, Qdlicia, one of the old Spanish provinces, situated in the northwestern part of the peninsula, with Santiago as its most important city. This is hardly a probable hiding place for Hemani, as it is too far away from Saragossa. Hugo may not have been sure of the exact location of Galicia.

375. a la mine attrapée, looks as if he toere eamght, literally, has a captured look.

381. de ta suite t—J'en suis I M. Firmin, the actor, intrusted with this rôle at the first performance, became so confused by the noise and tumult, during this memorable evening, that he

neglected to make the pause indicated in this line, saying, de ta suite fen suis/ whereat the uproar increased. The ungrammatical character of this expression is at once evident.

884. ma race. The interest is heightened by these continual references to his identity, which he has not yet revealed.

804. de ton lever, the hv^, or early morning reception. Under LiOuis XIV. there was the petit lever to which only a few were admitted while the king was dressing, and then the grand lever, which came later.

401. mouton d'or, a further reference to the insignia of the order of the Grolden Fleece, mentioned in line 270.

Pa^ 120. patio, a courtyard,

Line 418. reparlons de oe traître, a reference to the king's first meeting with Hernani.

420. et d'ailleurs ce n'est pas, etc. In scanning this line, stress must be put upon the word ce, which receives the logical stress as well.

442. Sous quel titre pla!t-ll au roi que J e sols comte? Because addressed as Comte by the king, Don Ricardo had a technical right to the title, and being ambitious and not over sensitive, was not slow to take advantage of it.

448. Puis, qu'il en ait un Us, 11 sera roi, tTien, wTien a son is bom. Tie will make him king.

454. Dirait-on pas des yeux jaloux . . . Another case where the first negative particle ne is omitted for metrical reasons. The des in this line is used partitively.

457-450. The meaning here is somewhat obscure. Matzke gives the following explanation which is very satisfactory : Don Carlos says, ** What is there that will make the time pass more quickly!" and Don Sancho, flattered, answers, "We often say this while waiting for your Highness,'' so anxious are we to be in your presence; whereupon Don Carlos says, ironically, •* while in your parlors my people repeat it," wishing you were dead. The courtiers, however, might understand it as a return of the compliment.