III— INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS

124. (See pp. 319-320, No. III, a, 6, c). (a) qui and qui est-ce qui (NOMINATIVE) (who . . . ?) See p. 76, questions 1-14.

de qui est-ce que (GENITIVE) (from whom . . . ?, whose . . ?, of whom ...?).

See p. 88, question 87, and p. 86, question 79. à qui est-ce que (DATIVE) (to whom ...?).

See p. 83, questions 55 and 56.

qui est-ce que (ACCUSATIVE) (whom . . . ?). See p. 92, question 129.

REFERENCE GRAMMAR

(6) qu'est-ce qui (NOMINATIVE) (what ...?).

See p. 92, questions 125, 127 and 128. de quoi est-ce que (GENITIVE) (of what . . ?, from what . ?).

See p. 107, question 228.

à quoi est-ce que (DATIVE) (to what . . . ?, at what ...?).

See p. 169, question 578.

qu'est-ce que (ACCUSATIVE) (what . . . ?).

See p. 77, questions 15-17.

See p. 130, question 375.

125. After prépositions the folio wing interrogatives must be used: (a) Referring to persons: qui, e.g.: devant qui, or devant qui est-ce

que; (before whom . . . ?, in front of whom ...?). (6) Referring to things in a gênerai way: quoi, e.g.: sur quoi, or sur quoi est-ce que; (on what . . . ?, upon what ...?).

(c) Referring to individual objects, to animais or persons, and singling them out: lequel, laquelle, lesquels, and lesquelles;

e.g., pour lequel, pour laquelle, pour lesquels and pour lesquelles; (for which . . . ?, for which one ...?).

After prépositions requiring the Genitive case, duquel, de laquelle, desquels, and desquelles must be used, e.g., à côté duquel, près desquels, etc.; (beside which . . ?, near which . . ?).

126. INTERROGATIVE FORM: the above interrogative pronouns (a), (b) and (c), when used in their longer form (i.e., a, 2; 6,2; c,2), require the ordinary déclarative order of subject and verb, e.g.:

qui est-ce qui parle? who is speaking?

de qui est-ce vous parlez? of whom are y ou speaking? à qui est-ce que vous parlez? to whom are y ou speaking? qui est-ce que vous voyez? whom do you see? qu'est-ce que vous disiez? what did you say, or what were you saying?

127. Est-ce que (est-ce qu', when followed by a word beginning with a vowel), before an ordinary déclarative sentence, changes that sentence into a question, e.g. :

je parle (I am speaking); est-ce que je parle? (Am I speaking?)

il écoute (he is listening); est-ce qu'il écoute? (does he listen?)

Louis écrit à sa grand'maman (Louis is writing to his grandmother)

Est-ce que Louis écrit à sa grand'maman? (Does Louis

write to his grandmother?) Elle n'écrit pas souvent (She does not write often) Est-ce quelle n'écrit pas souvent? (Does she not write

often?)

128. Subject pronouns (p. 318, No. I, a) may follow the verb, connected usually by hyphens:

ils sont (they are) ; sont-ils? (are they?) Further French interrogative forms are not used in this course.