a) French négatives are as follows

ne . .

. pas (not)

ne .

. rien (nothing)

ne .

. point (not)

ne .

. personne (nobody)

ne .

. plus (no longer)

ne .

. . guère (hardly)

ne .

. jamais (ne ver)

ne .

. . aucun (none)

ne .

. que (only)

(b) Position of the négatives: ne must always immediately folio w the subject (noun, or pronoun); the second part, i.e., pas, point, plus, jamais, rien, personne, guère, aucun, and que must follow immediately after the verb, e.g., p. 78, second paragraph of the exercises.

(c) In the case of compound tenses (see pp. 65 and 66), the second part of the négative follows immediately after the auxiliary (which is the actual verb related to time and person), e.g.:

elle n'aime pas ces fleurs (she does not like those flowers) elle n'a pas acheté ces fleurs (she did not buy those flowers)

(d) After négatives (see No. 137, 6, above) the indefinite article (un, une, des) must be replaced by de (d').

REFERENCE GRAMMAR 335