Calpé and Abyla : the pillars of Hercules

1. 34. Augereau : one of the marshals of France. He was made Duke of Castiglione after the battle of Castiglione (in northern Italy), where he aided Napoleon in conquering the Austrians in 1796. His later career was not so successful. (1757-1816.)

Page 21. — 1. 9. Solve seneacentem may be found in the eighth line of the first epistle of the first book of the Epistles of Horace : —

** Solve senescentem mature sanus equtmine Peccet ad extremum ridendus et ilia ducat."

Be wise and release from the chariot in time thy aged steed, lest he become an object of laughter, dragging behind, and show his broken wind.

1. 15. Voltaire: the most celebrated poet and prose writer of the i8th century, (i 694-1 778.)

1.15. Bonstettin : a Swiss writer on philosophy, (i 745-1 832.)

1. 16. Ducis : a tragic poet, chiefly known for his translations of Shakapeare. (1733-1816.)

Page 22. — 1. 17. Montaigne: the philosopher and moralist of the i6th century; best known by his Essais, (1533-1592.)

Page 23. —I. 18. Hugo: Victor Hugo, the leader of the Romantic movement and the most conspicuous figure in the literature of the present century in France. He was a poet, novelist, and dramatist. (1802- 1885.)

1. 18. Michelet: an historian whose best works are the Histoire de France and the Histoire de la Revolution, ( 1 798-1874.)

1. 18. Musset: Alfred de Musset, a poet, noyelist, and writer of comedy. His wit and grace, and the sincerity of his work have long made him a favorite, (i 810-1857.)

Page 24. — 1. i. Pépigramme antique: a reference to the saying of the grammarian Aristophanes with reference to Menander : —

*0 M^raF^pe, KoX /3£e, ir6repos A/J h\»Mv irpbrepov ijufA'fjo'aTO,

La. Salvandy : statesman and author, (i 795-1856.)

1. 7. Marchangy : a magistrate and writer, author of La Gaule poétique» ( 1 782-1826.)

1. 13. Littré : Emilie, a positivist philosopher, a philologist, and a man of wide learning, the author of the well-known Dictionnaire de la langue française. ( 1 80 1- 1 88 1 . )

1. 14. Auguste Comte : the most famous French philosopher of the 19th century, and founder of the positivist school, (i 798-1 857.)

1. 32. Quinault: a poet who was much attacked by Boileau. His operas, however, for which Lulli composed the music, assure him a place among the lyric poets. ( 1 635- 1 688. )

1. 33. Fontenelle : a miscellaneous writer and member of the Academy, who was severely criticised by Boileau, Racine, La Bruyère, and J. B. Rousseau. He was a nephew of G>rneille. (1657-1757.)

1* 33* Joseph de Maistre : a religious philosopher and strong supporter of the Catholic Church. ( 1 754-1 82 1 .)

1. 34. Montalembert : a publicist and politician devoted to the interests of the Liberal Catholic party. (.1810-1870).

Page 26. —1. 19. hôtel de Rambouillet: the celebrated salon of the Marquise de Rambouillet, and the meeting place of most of the literary people of the first half of the 17th century.

Page 27. — 1. 3. Port-Royal: near Versailles; was originally a nunnery, but in 1635 it became the home of a number of students and writers who were strong defenders of Jansenism. Of them Pascal is best known.

1. 6. La Rochefoucauld: François, duc de. The most celebrated member of a celebrated French family. He took part in the Fronde and passed the latter part of his life at court. He is chiefly known for his book, the Maximes,