courages = cceurs y as often in the seventeenth century

4. Lens. Town in the department of Pas-de-Calais. Victory won there by Conde in 1648. See page 178, line 27 — page 179, line 4.

NOTES

Page 166. — i. Thionville. Town of Lorraine, ceded to Germany in 1871. Conde took it three months after Rocroi.

a. La COur, etc. Conde’s demeanor on his return to Paris was somewhat more exacting than Bossuet admits. He refused to return to the army until the queen regent had promised to restore to him the Chantilly estate of his family.

Page 167. — 1 . Ce n’est pas, etc. The seventeenth century often wrote c'est even with plural predicates. See, however, c'etaienl \ page 166, line 31. The passage is an allusion to the German campaign of 1644-1645, in and near the Black Forest.

a. Merci. Francis, count Mercy (1598-1645), a distinguished Austrian general of the Thirty Years’ War.

3 . Fribourg. Freiburg in Breisgau (Baden), taken by Mercy, July 28, 1644, and attacked- a week later by Conde and Turenne.

4 . Turenne. Henri, viscount Turenne (1611-1675). Marshal of France, and with Conde the greatest general of the time. Bossuet had converted him from Protestantism.

5 . Machabde. Allusion to the martial Jewish family of the Maccabees who flourished in the second century before Christ. The quotation which follows is from Isaiah lxiii, 5. Cf. page 181, line 13.

Page 168. — 1. Philisbourg, Philipsburg, in Baden, taken September 9, 1644. It was held by France until its capture by the Austrian army in 1676. It was restored to France by the peace of 1678.

a. Worms, Spire, Mayence, Landau. Towns in the Rhine valley, north of Strasburg.

3. Nordlingue, Nordlingeti , in Bavaria. Hard-won victory of Conde and Turenne over Mercy, August 3, 1645. Se e page 180, note 1.

4 . qu’une seule. Lerida in Spain, vainly besieged by Conde in

Page 169 . — 1. Plus vites, etc. 2 Samuel i, 23.

a. quartiers, camps.

3. d’armer cette tete. Conde had a cuirass, but not a helmet. He wore in battle a hat with white plumes.

4 . jusqu’d. cette fatale prison. Bossuet has now come to Conde’s career during the civil wars of the Fronde (1648-1653). At first Conde was loyal to the queen regent, but hostile to Mazarin’s influence. He was imprisoned at Vincennes during 1650 for his arrogant bearing.

NOTES

Page 170 . — x. Mata sans vouloir excuser, etc. Set at liberty in February, 1651, Conde proceeded to raise a revolt in the south of France and summoned the Spaniards to his aid. See line 17.

а. de 1 ’Empire. The Holy Roman or German Empire.