SOS SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

loundaticm of tba piîesâiood, of sdence, literature, and art.»

Among some more developed races this Uranian tempérament found a qidte différent outlet — notably among the Dorian Greeks, and the Samorai of Japan. It led to the formation of military comradeship, which " bred ideals of heroism, courage, resource, and endurance among the men, and exalted thèse virtues into the highest place of pubhc honour." ■ Thispecuhar relation, often purdy passionate and not inverted in sexcharacter, existed usually between au elder soldier and a younger ; it was publicly recognized ; the elder might represent the yoimger in public assembUes, and could be punished for his fâults ; in times of peace, the elder was to his friend as a model and pattem of Uf e ; he was guide, philosopher, and friend ; he concemed himself with the youth's training for ail manly efficiency ; and was his encourager in ail public ambitions. In times of war, they fought side by side,' urging each other to heroic deeds, and faithfully défending each other (even unto death) in moments of stress, wounding, and defeat. It cannot be doubted — the Theban Band is the classic in-

* Intermediate Types, p. 58.

« Ihid., p. 88.

» An interesting revival of this took place in the vigorous recruiting in England for " Kitchener's Army " (1914)» volunteers being urged to enlist in pairs, or smaU gronps, of friends.

COMRADESmP THE BASIS OF SOCIETY 208

stance — that a company composed after this fashion of levers, each rejoicing to be bold and brave in the other's eyes, each ready at need to lay down his life for the frîend, would hâve its effectiveness as a fighting unit increased manifold.

The elaborate mechanism of modem warfare renders a revival of this ancient custom on any large scale impossible ; nor is it necessary ; for among civiUzed peoples the disastrous occasions on which appeal bas to be made to this " dread arbitrament" tend to become fewer in number. But while the clash of battle may be gradually transf erred ^ from the high seas and Hit broad acres, to the offices of diplomatists and the courts of arbitration, every community has to confront internai enemies in the form of ignorance and selâshness and established wrongs; and it was because Walt Whitman appreciated the glamour, strength, nobiUty, and efïectiveness of the ancient Dorian Friendship, because he knew that when two persons love each other with a passionate affection transcending the plane on wl^pfa sex, as usually understood, opérâtes, there is with them That which is the only solvent of human ills, the only triumphant leader of human progress, That with which alone is the Idngdom and the power and the glory, that he cried out his résolve

^ This hope remains in spite of, is even strengthened because of, the terrible European lapsus in 19 14.

904 LOVE, THE EET

not to rest until he had estabEshed "în thèse States the institution af the love of comrades/'

This chapter, condensed as it is, covers a wide field. This was necessary, since Love is the key to ail the treasures that are in earth and heaven. AU the characteristic words in Carpenter's teaching— cosmic consdousness, freedom, equality, democracy — ^must corne at last to be thought of and interpreted in terms of Love ; and Love, not in some ^edal sensé, but as the ordinary man understands it, and is able to feel it. AU human love is the outshining of Love Divine, and what heart has been touched by this beam and bas not been Uf ted up out of its narrowness and meaîiness, purified of its stains and dross, deUvered from fear and from evil, burned pure, and made great ? AU the great words of religion must corne finaUy to be interpreted in terms of it ; for Love is the Redeemer, Atoner, Reconciler, Justifier, Sanctifier, Judge, and Saviout. Democracy is the love-kingdom first in the heart, and then issuing into social organization. . . . The worlds hâve been created by it ; we ourselves are born at its bidding ; we measure the ascent of our Uves by the degree in which Love, like a flame, touches our powers and transmutes them into itself ; it is our common solace in the hour of Death, Uberating us from its dread, giving intimations of immortaUty and the sensé of a union transcending aU mortal change.