V-^^ea he CMJo^bX s|g^ of me, he waved his bat

iîr. Aîtcr an jatenlunge of gieetings, we

talkiog of sânple things — of of doods and sonsets, of harvest a^e-îiie. As wc diew near to the village oiv^enook tvD dnldRxi, joined hands with and rhatiffid of school and play. They tqgg^ at hb hands^ and nesUed their cheeks a£3Ô5t hîs f oieanns. I wished tfaat I had been scsâIL and could faaT« done the same. At length wc anrned at the loog, low, two-storied, stone cottage, with hs door istpaàng stiaight into the livxQg-room, where bis compamon — ^the délectable Gcoige — had ptcfiaied for us a ddidous simple nieal of omdette and fruit and wine.

Throni^ the open doorway, as we sat at the lîlje; I ooold lo(dc oot down a loiig grass pathway,

bordered with a careless profusion of gay flowers, and running away to the boundary of a large orchard. For, during the years that foUowed the publication of Tawards Democracy, Carpenter earned his living in this place by market-gardening and fruit-growing. Along the far hedge of the orchard ran a little stream, danimed up under the tree-shadows to make an open-air bathing-place ; and beyond it rose the gentle slopes of a sparsely-wooded hill, with a few browsing cattle and a whole township of rabbits. Upon this scène of quiet sylvan beauty we gazed as we sat in the shelter of a yew-hedge, chatting the hours away, until the moon rose, low and large, over the hill-top. He imprçssed me most with a sensé of spaciousness and rest ; his mind had something of the largeness and the luminousness of the evening sky, and his voice something of the gentleness, the serenity, of the bird-notes as Nature gathered her brood under her night wings. Even when we argued — and argue we did — he seemed to radiate peace, and I remembered how it had been written,

He touched her hand, and the fever left her.

Later on, we went together to the village inn, where he was welcomed almost as a village-father. We gathered there the news brought from home and field and market ; inquired about the sick wife, or the new-born child, or the youth who had gone to work in the city ; and when " mine

IXAL APFBECIATION

tte Word ior "lî^ts ont,'* we ^ ka|i|iy lafBJiing groop, cm tbe moonlit rond. IkcB ose aiter anodier said Good-night aad dhai^ifaicd into Ibe sbadoirs; and, last of 2X ve tvo pund tluoue^^ Ibe wkket-gate of tfae ganka înto tte deeper heait ol fhe universal

A iev momcD^ latcr, as I sat in tfae simply* fuiubhed bedroooi, by tlie open window^ looking OQt acroas tlie scented gaiden and the sflvered hilK I foaiid mysdf sayiiig, " For tfae fiist time in an my life; I tfaink I know ivfaat Freedom means^ and EqoaKly, and Religion* and God."

Years faa^e passed sinoe, bot I faave nothing to take back from tfaat first iDqxressîon. I do not tiûnk tfaat it is possible to nnderstand and appredate Caipenter's tearJring witfaoat pladng it in some socfa pereonal setting as this. He cmbodies fais own pbSiosopby, predsdy because tfaat pinlosoi^ is tfae partial formulation of an expqiepce miiicfa lias made faim wfaat he is. The tfaîqgs tfaat faave been discnssed in thèse pages may be seen and realized in terms of the g^ce of an eye, the paessure of a hand, the poise of fais body, tfae soond of fais voioe. The life bas been Mved. The secret of much of the power of Carpenter's writing lies hère.

There is a gieat deal of fine poetry in our tongae wfaidi is " of imagination ail compact/' and powers of langoage are strained to their limits to express tfae giory of the vision, the

unearthly radiance of the things seen by the rapt and soaring spirit; Carpenter cannot be said to lack imagination of true poetic quality, and ecstasy might fittingly be used as a descriptive word for the expérience in which the poet within him was bom ; yet not only is his vocabulary of the simplest, his imagery of the most homdy, but even in his heavenly places there is always the earth-scent, an earth-radiation. Even vrhen his head is aureoled by the flame-tinted clouds, and the Clarion of a " prophet sent from God " is to his lips, his feet are on the earth, as if he were grasping it with " spreading toes." He is earthy, in the great sensé. His writing smells of the soil. He refuses to " lose touch vnûk the actual." He is optimist, not in spite of, but because of, the facts. He is a true son of Man. He rises out of the ground. A dean, healthy odour is about him. He has assisted at the birth of lambs, has suckled calves, has toiled as a wage-labourer in the fidds, has made sandals, trenched his acres, pruned his trees, sold his produce in the market, leamed the use of materials — not as the experiment of a faddist or the hobby of some health-culturist, but as his chosen way of life and Uving.

This fact lies behind ail his writing, even in its highest flights. He never loses the simpUcity and the dignity of common earth and common Man. " This world is Paradise," he says. He crams heaven with earth, He has no need of

tas A PERSONAL APPRECIATION

seraphs, angds, gods, faines, and other creatnres of the imaginatkxi, which so of ten fill the highlycoloared magnificent canvases of artists in speech or lise. Nothiog conld be found on Olympus that woiild serve his purpose better tfaan the soot-Jined iace and the oil-smeared hands of a young engine-driver. A woman nursing her baby , unashamed and at her ease on the doorstep of her cottage, is Madonna good enough for him, real enough, and superb enough. He uses his imagination, not to create another world and anotiier race, but to reveal the truth of this fafnîIJAr world and its usual natural ic3k. The Idéal is hère, not in some béatifie vision only to be glimpsed somewhere towards, or beyond, the bQume of mortality. It looks out upon us from every side. Ail this is as much in the praictice of his life as it is in the message of his books. He peers with quiet gentle eyes into your face and sees a god. The only people he cannot away with are boors, posers, puppets, lacqueys, and such as conceal and deny their natural manhood and womanhood under the myriad masks and doaks of an artifidal conventional respectability. Thèse are the damned. The unforgiveable sin is unreaUty and infideUty to self.

He himself is transparent and guileless. He is Uke a child for directness and purity of heart. One might question at times the soundness of his judgments, but could not suspect him under any circumstances of duplidty or of mixed motives.

He is f orthright. In one of his books he tells the story of a Manitoban miner who was di&covered, one desperate winter's night, lying on the ice-covered Lake Superior which he had attempted to traverse. He lay there frozen, insensible, stifi as a log. His rescuers

picked him up and carried him back to the cabin, and sat up aU night and into the next day oontinually rubbing and chafiing his body. At last he came to and made a complète recovery, and in a few days — except for some marks of frostbite on his skin — showed no sign of damage. Surdy that was a holy man, in whom the frost, though it went right throngh his body, could find no sin.^

In some similar sensé to that Carpenter is a holy man, a natural saint. He has ail the inward immovableness and courage of his type, arrayed in a rare and lovable gentleness. I do not think that I am mistaken in saying that he himself is one of the children of Uranus, and that there is a considérable élément of autobiography in the poem from which I quoted on an earUer page. Masculinity and femininity are at equipoise in him. His nùght be said to be a man-woman consciousness. No man surpasses him in intimate and s3mipathetic understanding of the woman-soul. He gives me the impression of a deUcatelybalanced organism in a state of perfect equilibrium. My study of his teaching has failed if it has not displayed him possessed of the intuition

of a woman and the logical facalty of a man. He has the broad intellectual sweep of the masculine mind, and yet is a woman in his sensé of the significance of détails. He has the man' s prof ound appréciation of order, and that barbarie éiemental soul-quality which is characteristically the woman's. He has a man's sensé of truth, and a woman's capadty for whole-hearted selfgiving. He has a man's ventnresomeness, yet like a woman he b^gins to make a home wherever he finds himself . To him also has f allen the lot of the Uming to be misunderstood, and his heart has known the tragedy of a brcxKling love apparently rendered inefiectual because of the aloofness and unbelief of the world. " They will not corne unto me that they may hâve life."

Such a man is saved from despair by two things — ^by a sensé of humour, and by the cultivation of a habit of detachment whereby he is able to do things with a minimum of concern dther as to their being done or as to their réception when done. Carpenter has the sensé of humour in a high degree ; he can laugh at the world and at himself, yet there is as little of the cynic in the one case as there is of the trifler in the other. The basis of his hiunour is sympathy and understanding ; he smiles at the fussy eagerness'and the tragic amdety and the multitudinous tricks of men, not as a superior person, nor as a railer, nor as one who underrates the accomphsh* ments or mistakes the strivings of the world, but

rather as one who sees quite dearly that ail the Urne men are gaining other than they think, building other than they know, and being led quite saf dy and satisf actorily otherwhither than they imagine. He laughs at human foibles and f oUies, not with any désire to laugh people out of them, but seeing that thèse things whidi count so mudi matter little, and that ail is well.

He is the candid friend and the gentle critic who cannot f orget that he is the lover too. The world is a comedy of manners in which ail the complications lead on to the happy ending which is pre-ordained. Life is a great game, and therefore he who would play it well must take it seriously, but not too seriously ; the heart of the amateur must be hdd sacred even at the cost of some of the skill of the professional.

In equal measure Carpenter has the casualness of the wayside sower of seed. Because he beUeves in himself , it does not seem to him to matter much where he casts himself ; because he believes in the inhérent vitality of his message, it does not matter on what soil it may be flung; he would conmiit it to the waves of the sea, or to the ripples of the Uttle brook, just as soon as he would institutionalize it in the hîgh places, or get it conserved as a *' sacred deposit" by some creditable organization. To announce himself is the great thing, and it matters little into whose ear ; he would as soon the washerwoman at her tub as the doctors of the university for an audi*

A fEBSCXXâL AFPBECIATION

He hos h|^ pnoedent for Ibis, if he needed BL He B knHBB CBOv^k to be {^ad of reoogniticMi ^fciHifci ît coMc; Int bc dœs sot seA ît» irould ■oc scne bsM a éaj^s fabosr for ils wages. He

to miL He îs cssentiaBy msterfol.

d uilkisHt, and he 3axpts it

aad gratitude as wbo woald

set be gatabà ior Oe " stîqg in tbe wiiie, the

Ltattkleast '?

At icst» tbe pose of bb body is tbat of great and cfitmi ; îa movciucot — and tbts is as ot Us nind — it îs tbe cmbodiment of virile He gœs as one wbo walks eastward tovarâs a sonxîse wbidi is as sure as it will be ^ccicQS^ His faœ is iDamined witfa tbe lîgbt that ajrettdv lises bevmd tbe botiim.

la tbe FrieKS wbidi adora tbe Boston Library,

Sàigcot bas painted a soooessîoo of figures repre-

sectiisg tbe fauphets of tbe (Hd Testament. The

eaâa- ones aie sbiouded beavily in £^oom, and

are posed in attitndes of dfetress ; tbey seem to

be pr^gnant laitb groanings tbat cannot be nttered.

Tbey aie in an agony of travail. Bat giadually

tiie iaccs lift, and tmn, nntil tbey aie lit up with

a lî^t wbidi cornes from a source wfaich is outside

of tbe ptctni^ some " far-off divine event " wlûch

présages its ovrn amvaL Towaids tbe end of the

séries — I tinnk tbat it is tbe very last one — ^is

Zephamab» wbose spiritual ooontenance is irra-

dtated laitb tbe soie e^qiectation. His ringing

words oome to nûiid:

The Lord thy God is in the midst of tfaee, a mighty one who wiU save ; be will rejoice over thee with joy» he vnn. rest in his love, he will joy over thee with singing. Behold, at that time I vill deal with them that afflict thee ; and I will save her that halteth, and gather her that was driven away ; and I will make them a praise and a name, whose shame hath been in ail the earth.

It is, so far as I am aware, a pure coincidence, but Carpenter might hâve sat for that figure of Zephaniah ; it is almost a portrait of him, both in face and figure. That is his position among the prophets of the modem world. He could not hâve been thinking of himsdf when he wrote the Unes, but out of knowledge and love I will venture to Write them as postcript of this book :

It is not a little thing that by such a hî» your face shotdd become as a lantem of stirength to men ;

That wherever you go they should rise up stronger to the battle, and go forth with good courage.

Nay, it is very great.^

INDEX

Abxlity, 209

AcTUAL, touch with the, 297

All-Life, the, 370

Amateur, tbe, 390 ; and the

professioaal, 301 Amibl and 03smic Conscious-

ness, 131 Animals, treatment of, 283 Annunciatxon, 130

ApPEARANCSS, 127

Appropriation, 213

Ars AtmUoris, 185

Art, 71

Art of Création, the, quoted,

18 sqq., 37. 38, 78, 299 Artificxality, 83, 216, 232 Arts and Crafts, 65 ; develop*

ment of, 201 AscENT, through stress, 95 ;

pain, the index of, 135 ;

through strife, 226; joy as

index of, 250 AscBTicisM, 78, 165 Athlbticism, 194 AVERAGE, the, 215

Bab, The Persian, 14

Barbarism, 23 z

Beauty, theory of, 73 ; the inner, 149 ; the secret of, 167 ; as the end of life, 277

Bergson, Carpenter's amnities with, 18, 29 ; theory of the création of matter, 19 ; on freedom, 99

Bhagavad-Gita, quoted, 243

BxRTH, a descent, 127 ; second birth, 9

Blakb, quoted, 273

BoDY, création of, 12, x68 ; materialization of désire, 21 ; as the race-mindmade visible, 22 ; the body within the

body, 39 ; and soûl, 77, 177 ; as a root of the soûl, 78 ; as temple, 78 ; and masterv, 167 ; the non-physical, 168; the mental, 169 ; a prisonhouse or a palace of joy, 170; a new sentiment for,

Brotrbrhood, 196 Browning, Mrs., quoted, 180 Browning, Robert, quoted, 9, 14, 33, 49, 70, 78, 114, 118, 121, 122, 130, 164, 210^ 219,

247, 25a, 291 Buchanan, Robert, quoted, 36

BUDDHXSM, ZZ2

Call of life, 129

Care, 259

Carpbnter,£dward, biography^ z ; University Extension Lecturer, 3 ; and Leaves of Grass, 3 ; indebtedness to Whitman, 3 ; expérience at Bradway, 5 ; personal relation to bis message, 9 ; his function, Z3 ; at Milltborpe, Z5 ; attitude towards Nature, 64 ; as manual worker, 67 ; as nature-painter, 69 ; revealer rather than reformer, 89 ; as revolutionary, 90 :

Sturm und Drang, 96 ; and the Oriental mind, 112 ; treatment of love, Z85 ; his laughter, 249 ; and social poUcies, 275 ; his humanness, 292 ; Personal appearance, 294 ; and children, 394 ; humour, 300 ; position in the modem world, 303

Change, and chance, 264 ; and rest, 266

SDMTJkRD CABFENTER

fadH, 230 3^ 47. I3X. 231,

«43. ^S3 »qq-. 292 : tfaîoag^

opcôeBce, 32 ; tlie day o^ 131 ; aad saauw. 254 ; the 25s; and enthiisiasxii, fes; 258 ; in- 260; and love, 261 faecdom. 95 ; and 1S3 ; spîrïtiial, 222

^ 36 sqq. ; and tlie 35. 46; sfiiîîliial sîg- «C37; asdjniamic, 39^ 53: t^ tnie. 43, 235:

it m Society; 49;

ot 49; the 51; tbe coaunon son], ioess, 32 ; as j 53 : înwaid- ■cs o^ 34 ; a lelisioas tact, 5*j«»d Oust, 56 ; and the ■ditidMl, s6 ; semen o^ 59«CBsacfmâKs of Inwazd, csns. md stmctnre, 21, 145, S4A. 274 : ^Bd marriage, 190 Ipowcr, 301 and frccdom, 100

i63;aBdflMxaiity, 161 «4,26

EnvîRxunent,

of. 277 DékiA, the.

2ii 215 : «■• Mfe, ta; per- ^

feaas rnsÊKT ilinifc!>, tt; to t

adbt i»4- »«^ i4i^ ««o; j

Pg^MSi, 117; in orthodoz Dcrr, 127'

closeness to^ 2^7

fivnciKxcr, 234

, . Ml, 31; em-

pôcal. 33 ; and Democracy, 46 ; and Nature, 46

- '« 'àÊÊi, 279 sqq.

KaiHiiMASw and delivennce.

INDEX

BNVfKomiiirr and dbporitloQ,

«33 Bpictetus^ quoted, 376

Equality, 54, 64, ao6 «iq., a74 ; of opportimity, 207 ; inalhematical, 308 ; mechankal, 208 ; in différences, s 10 ; in service, sxo ; inwardnets of, 212 ; tne inner, 213 ; the law of, 213 ; the kingdom of. 2x6 ; the sign of, 217 ; and Knowledge, 2x7, 2x9; expérience of, 22 X ; and power, 221

£UGKNICS,'x85

BviL, 235, 26X ; pcoblem o^ 153 ; good and, z6x, Z63, 254 ; nnreal ?, 164 ; a thadow ?, 164 ; and mastery, 165 ; relativity of, 164 ; aiui progress, 171, 234 ; the challenge to, X74, 237

EvoLUTtoN, and pain, 137; and morality, x6z

ExcsPTioifAL, the, 215

EXPOLIATION, 31

ExpBRiBNcs, iio, 287; the critical, 6 ; penonal as prophétie, 97 ; necessity ot ail kinds of, 123 ; value of, X09, X14 sqq. ; Personal and universai, xx8 ; asvicarioiis, 1x9 ; the crux of, 120 ; and reaction, X2X ; mediator of growth, X2X ; as moulder, Z2X ; eliciting the souL Z2X ; escape from, X23 ; and mastery, 123 ; good and bad, X23 ; ail provided for, 125 ; ail counts, X25 ; as percolation, X30 ; as attrition, 130 ; ultimate issue of, Z30; mediating ionratd passage, 130 ; the gains of, 229

Failurb, apparent, 287 Faitr, X09, X37, 237 ; andcreed.

57 ; the larger, 255 ; and

superstition, 259; in the

future, 302 FArraruLNBSs, 242 ; undec re-

straiat, 256 Fall, the, 232, 28Z Famb, X69 Fbar, 239, 284 ; of death. 259 ;

capacity tôt, a6o ; and aelf-

ooDSCioaBiêtt, «te; dettfVfw

ance from, 258 FftsuNO, 54 ; priocity of, 20 ;

and action, 20 ; religious, 254 FxuciTY and joy, 247

FXMINISM, X85

FxRMXNT, significance of, 238 Flxsh and qpirit, 77, 2x8 Frxbdom, 55, 64, 93 sqq., X29,

x^x, 2x6, 250, 274 ; the désire 01, 94 ; and restraint, 96 ; and Democracy, 95 ; inward,

98 ; spiritual, 90 ; dynamic,

99 ; Bergson's theory o^ 99 :

and determinism, xoo: and individuality, xoo ; and création, X02 ; and Truth, X03 ; of the body, 104 ; of the mind. 104 ; and love, X05 ; and balance, xzo ; and power, XXX ; potential in ail, 1x3 ; and perfection, X57 ; and law, 159 ; the péril of, 254

Frkxwill, Z02 seq.

Frikndship, X96, 262 ; the Doxian, 202

FULFILMKNT, 221 GAVTAlCiL. 38

GxNius, 8 ; and property, 233

Gens, the, 232

GioTTo, 70

GoD, 56, xx8, X77, 184, 271, 296 ; reality of, 3x ; viewed under consciousness of separateness, 32 ; and Personality, 33, 35 ; as tempter, X17; as sorutineer, X22 ; and pain, X36 ; and perfection, X37 ; and the human will, 166 ; and Love, X77 ; and the Soûl, 292 ; immanence of, xx8 ; and Joy,

Goos, as physiological centres,

Good and evil, x6x, X63, 234

Gooo Works, 43

GosPBi^ 264 ; gospels, 128

Graham, StxraxN, quoted, 253,

Growtb, and restraint, 44; and pain, X40

Happinbss» 52 ; and perfection, X57

EDWjyU> CASFENTER

Z03; path 0^

61, S45; rdatioa to ÛK Wbole, 8^ 10; and «0^,35.86; the dynamic, 5C ; tbt gnat, 38 ; pnlariard, 95 ; md ■■hnersal, 119, 26a ; idttity, 123 ; and the 147, 274; and Bni-

theWhQfe,30,2ii;

X67, 270 ; not

274 ; a race-poten-