Se mit en guerre, make war upon, oppose
81. Moineaux,, a play upon words ; moineau is either a sparrow or a little monk {inoini).
82. Protester les chambres de vacations, to déclare that the chambers were not in session ; protester de is a légal expression used in such phrases as : protester de violence, to déclare that a thing is donc unw'ûWn^y, protester d'incompétence, to déclare that one considers a judge as incompétent.
83. Les forts de la halle, theportersof the grain-market at Paris. This phrase is the only one in which the word fort is used in thesense of a person possessing great muscular strength.
84. Ça ira, popular song of the Révolution, dating probably from May or June, 1790. It consists of fi va stanzas, each beginning with Ah ! ça ira, ça ira, ça ira, ! meaning, it will succeed, as we sometimes say, it will go, or it will do. The first stanza is as foUows :
Ah ! ça ira, ça ira, ça ira !
Le peuple en ce jour sans cesse répète
Ah ! ça ira, ça ira, ça ira !
Malgré les mutins, tout réussira !
Nos ennemis confus en restent là ;
Et nous allons chanter alléluia !
Ah ! ça ira, ça ira, ça ira !
Quand Boileau jadis du clergé parla Comme un prophète il a prédit cela :
En chantant ma chansonnette Avec plaisir on dira Ah ! ça ira, ça ira, ça ira, Malgré les mutins, tout réussira !
Ah ! ça ira, ça ira, ça ira !
85. Écharpe, the scarf which certain French civil officers, like the mayor, w^ear on state occasions.
86. Beauharnais, a distinguished gênerai born in 1760, at La Martinique, w^here, in 17 79 he married Joséphine de la Pagerie, af terward Empress of France. In the American war he servedunder Rochambeau, and in 1789 was elected to the States-General. In 1794, while servingon the Rhine he was accused of treason, brought to Paris, and beheaded.
87. QuHls tiraient plus à gauche qu'adroite, literally, it was noticed that they were puUing more to the left than to the right. The words gauche and droite are also applied to the seats in a deliberative assembly in respect to the presiding ofïîcer. In French législative bodies, the supporters of monarchy and those with conservative views, are seated to the right of the presiding ofïîcer ; to the left, the members of the opposition. In most of the French assemblies the left has been the place of the opposition, but in a few instances and now (1S84) the right isthe party opposing the govemment.
SB. Maury, a French prelate and pulpit orator. He acquired a high réputation by his " Funeral Oration on the Dauphin," and his " Eulogy of Fénélon." Appointed deputy of the Clergy to the States-General, he made himself conspicuous by his advocacy of the Church and of Royalty. In 1794 he withdrew to Rome and was made a Cardinal. In 18 10 he was appointed fîrst alraoner to Jérôme Bonaparte, and arch-
bishop of Paris, At the restoration he lost his place. He died in Rome in 1817.
89. Leur Jlâme, the usual spelling of this word is yiamme, a naval flag, a pennant. In the text it is used for flag or banner. The worà Jlamme [Lat. Jlamma, from its flamelike shape] is found in the compound oriflamme [Lat. aurum, gold], the old flag of France which the Capetian kings, when starting out for war, received from the hands of the Abbot of St. Denis. It was a small banner of red or orange colored silk, the origin of which, probably, goes back to Charlemagne. It is mentioned in the Chanson de Roland (XI. centuiy).
90. Une gerbe de ses cheveux, a lock of her hair ; gerbe more commonly means a sheaf , bundle.
91; Berline, berlin, a four-wheeled carriage like a chariot, invented in the lyth century at Berlin, Prussia.
