ITO

in ail friendship, with perfect goodwill.

amour, n.m,, in sing. (n.f, in pi.), love ; un amour de petite chèvre, a dcar little goat.

amoureux, amoureuse, adj.,

in love, enanioured ; amoureux à la folie, madly in love ; amoureux, adj. as n. , lover.

amphithéâtre, n.m., amphithéâtre.

amuser, v. tr., to amuse, divert, cnterlain ; amusé p. part., amused, delighted ; s'amiaer, to amuse one's self.

amiuseur, n m., amuser.

an, n m., year ; Pan. dernier, last y car ; avoir six ans, to be six years old ; à six ans, at six years of âge ; tous les ans, every year ; par an, a year, by the year.

ancien, ancienne, adj., ancient,

old, former.

Andalous, n.m., Andalusian.

âne, n.m., ass, donkey.

ange, n.m.,angel.

angélus, n.m., angélus.

angoisse, n.f., angulsh, distrcss.

animal, n.m,, (pi. animaux)

animal, bcast, brute.

animer, v. tr., t-o animate, enliven.

année, n.f., year, twelvemonth.

annoncer, v. tr. ir. (c bt^comes ç before a or o in conjugation), to announce ; s'annoncer, to announce one's self, give notice of or announce one's approach or proximity.

antique, adj., antique, ancient.

Antoine, n. pr. m. , Anthony, Antonius.

anxieux, anxieuse, adj , anx-

ious.

août, n. pr. m,, August.

apaiser, v. tr., to appease, alleviale, allay, .satisfy.

apercevoir, v. tr. ir. (apercevant, aperçu, j'aperçois, j'aperçus, j'apercevrai, que j'aperçoive), toperceive, see, observe, notice ; s'apercevoir de, to perceive, remark, observe.

aperçu, p part, of apercevoir.

aperçus, i sing. past def. of apercevoir,

apitoyer, v. tr ir. [y becomes i before c mi4e), to move to pity, excite to pity.

aplatir, v. tr., to flatten, lay flat, lower.

apoplexie, n.f., apoplexy; apoplexie foudroyante, severe stroke of apoplexy.

appareil, n.m., préparations (elaborate and magnificent) ; équipage, train, ponip.

apparence, n.f, appearance.

appartement, n.m., apartments, suite of rooms ; appartement h, balcon, a suite of rooms with a balcony,

appartenir, v. intr. ir. (appartenant, appartenu, j'appartiens, j'appertins, j'appartiendrai, que j'appartienne), to belong (to, à).

appeler, V. ir. ir. (/is doubled when the vowal of the following syllablc is e mute), to call, name ; to cali call in, summon ; comment fas-tu.

appelé ?, what did you call him ?

appétissant, adj., appclizing, tempting, delicious.

appétit, n.m., appetite, hungcr ; se trouver en appétit, to find one's self hungry, be hungry.

applaudissement, n.m., ap-

plause ; //., dilto.

appliqué, adj. , diligent, industrious, sedulous.

appliquer, V. tr., to apply ; s'appliquer, loapply one's self, work, set to work, take pains.

apporter, v. tr., to bring (to, à), bringalong, carry (to, à), bring forward ; les obstacles apportés, the difficulties raised.

apprendre, v. tr. ir. (apprenant, appris, j'apprends, j'appris, j'apprendrai, que j'apprenne), to learn, hear of ; to teach, tell, inform (of).

apprenti, n m., apprentice.

appris, p. part, of apprendre.

approche, s. f., approach, Corning.

approcher, v. tr. and intr., to approach, draw near, come on, bring near or close (to, de).

approcher (s'), v. r., to approach, draw near (to, de), advance (towards, de).

approuver, v. tr., to approve.

appuis, n.m., support, help, protection.

a^PPUyer, v. tr. and intr. ir. {y becomes i before an e mute), to prop, support, second, lean on, rest, kan, press ; appuyé à, p. part., leaning, supported on or against ; s''appuyer, to support one's self, lean (intr.) ; appuyé contre, pressed against, resting against or on.

après, prep., after (of order, rank or time) ; cTaprès, after, from, according to.

après, adv., after, afterwards.

après que, conj., after, when.

âpreté, n.f., harshness, fierceness, ferocity.

aquilon, n.m,, north-wind.

arbalète, n.f., cross-bow.

arbitre, Vi.m., arbiter, judge.

arbre, n.m., tree.

arc, n.m., arch ; arc de triomphe, triumphal arch.

arc-en-ciel, n.m., rainbow.

ardent, adj., ardent, véhément, violent, burning, fiery, glowing.

ardeur, n.f , ardor, heat, burning heat.

argent, n.m., silver ; money ; d'argent, silver (adj.).

arme, n.f., arm, weapon ; aux armes !, to arms !

armée, n.f., army.

armer, v. tr., to arm.

armoire, n.f., closet, cupboard, press ; armoire à linge, linen-closet.

arracher, v. tr., to tear or wring, snatch, force, pull out, tear off or away ; s'arracher, to tear one's self away (from, de).

arrangement, n. m., arrange ment ; //., terms, measures, etc. ; prendre ses arrangements avec quelqu'un, to make arrangements with, come to terms with any one.

arranger, v. tr. ir. {g becomes ge before d: or c» in conjugation), to arrange, set in order ; make over (a dress).

arrêter, v. tr., to arrest, stop, delay, stay, check ; s'arrêter, to stop, pause, draw up (of a carriage, etc.).

arrière, adv., bchind, back ; en arrière, backwards, behind.

arrivée, n.f., arrivai, advent.

arriver, v. intr., to arrive, come, land, get hère, get there, happen ; arrivera, to arrive at, reach ; impers., to happen, il arrive, it happens.

arrondir, v. tr., to round, make round; s'arrondit, to be rounded, be round.

arroser, v. tr , to sprinkle, water (a gardcn, etc).

Artémidore, n. pr. m., Artemi- (lorus.

article, n.m., article, head, matter, subject ; c'est assez causé sur r article, we hâve said enough on this subject.

articulé, p. part., articulatcd, jointed.

artillerie, n.f., artillcry.

artiste, n.m., artist, player, performer.

artistique, adj., artistic.

Asie (1'), n pr. f. , Asia.

asile, n m., asylum, refuge, rctreat.

aspect, n m., aspect, sight, appenrance ; à l'aspect de, by or froni the look of.

assassiner, v tr., to assassinate, » murder.

assaut, n.m., assnult, storm; d assaut, by storm, by assault.

assemblée, s.f., assembly, meeting, Company, assenibling.

assembler, v. tr. and intr., to put together.

asseoir (s'), v. r. ir. (s'asseyant, assis, je m'assieds, je m'assis, je m'assiérai, que je m'asseye), to sit down, seat one's self, be seated ; assis, seated, sitting.

assez, adv. , enough, sufficiently, pretty, tolerably, rather, somewhat.

assiéger, v. tr. ir. (stem é becomes è, wlien the vowel of the following syllable i.s e mute), to besiege.

assiette, n f. , plate,

assis, p. part, of asseoir, seated, sitting.

assis (je m'), i sing. past. def. of s asseoir.

assister, v. tr., to assist, help, aid; assister à, to be présent at, take part in.

assommer, v. tr. , to beat to dcath , knock on the head.

assurance, n.f., assurance, ccrtainty, confidence.

assurer, v. tr. , to assure ; s'assurer, to assure or satisfy one's self, make sure, ascertain,

atmosphère, n.f., atmosphère.

attachement, n.m., attachmen.',, affection.

attacher, v. tr., to fasten, make fast, attach, tie, tie on ; s'attacher à, to cling to, foliow closely, hâve an affection for, love.

atteindre, v. tr. and intr. ir. (atteignant, atteint, j'atteins, j'atteignis, j'atteindrai, que j'atteigne), to attain, reach, arrive — is foUowed by à when intransitive.

attendre, v. tr. and intr. ir. (3 sing. près, indic. il attend), towait, await, wait for, expect ; s'attendre (-l-à) to e.xpect ; comme s'y attendait son père, as his father expected ; en atte?idant, in the mcantime.

attendrir, v. tr., tosoften, touch,

move, affcct ; s' attendrir, to be moved, be affected.

attendrissement, n.m., émotion.

attentat, n.m., crime, outrage.

attentif, attentive, adj., attentive.

attention, n.f, attention ; fiiire attention à, to pay attention to.

attentivement, adv., attentively-

attirer, v. tr., to attract, entice.

attitude, n.f., attitude, position.

attraper, v. tr., to entrap, catclx,

get, secure, overtake, reach.

au, contr. of à-\-/e.

aubade, n.f., moming sercnade.

VOCAnULARY

L'aube, n.f., dawn, sunrise ; alb (a

priest'sgarment).

aubépine, n.f., hawthorn.

aucun, adj. and pron. , any ; fie . . .

aucun, no, none, no one.

au-devant, adv. , forward ; aller

(or venir) au-devant de, to go to

meet.

auditeur, n.m., aiulitor, hearer ;

pi., audience.

augure, n.m., augur, soothsayer.

augnrer, v. tr., to augur, appre-

hend, fear.

Auguste, n. pr. m., Augustus.

aujourd'hui, adv., to-day. now,

nowadays, at présent.

aumône, n f. , alms, alms-giving.

auparavant, adv., before.

auprès de, prep., near, near by,

beside.

aura, 3 sing. fut. indic. of avoir.

auraient, 3 pi. condl. of avoir.

aurait, 3 sing. condl. o{ avoir.

auras, 2 sing. fut. indic. of avoir.

aurez, 2 pi. fut. indic of avoir.

aurons, i pi. fut. indic of avoir.

auront, 3 pi. fut. indic of avoir.

aurore, n.f., dawn, morning ; n

pr, Aurora.

ausculter, v. tr. , to auscultale, examine with a stethescope.

aussi, adv., also, too, likevi'ise ; at

thc same time ; and so ; moreover ;

in comparison.s, as, aussi grand que,

as large as.

aussitôt, adv., immediately, forth-

with, at once ; as soon, as quickly.

autant, adv., as much (or many) ;

autant de, as much (or many) ;

dautattt plus, the more so as (or

since) ; autant que, as much as.

autel, n.m., altar.

automne, n.m., autumn.

autorité, n.f., authority, sway, povver, ru!e.

atltour de, prep., around, round, round about.

autre, adj. and pron., other; d'autres, others ; Vautre, the other ; les autres, others, the others, other people.

autrefois, adv., formerly, in former timcs.

autrement, adv.. otherwiso; autrement encornées que toi, with horns (vcry) différent from yours.

aux, contr. of h\les.

auxquels, contr. oï h + lesquels, see lequel.

avaient, 3 plur. impf. indic of avoir.

avait, 3 sing. impf. indic. of avoir.

avaler, v. tr. , to swallow, dcvour.

avance, n.f, advance, st rt ; par avance, beforchand ; d avance ^ beforehand.

avancer, v. tr. and intr. ir. {c becomes ç before a or o \n conjugation), to advance ; sava7icer, to go or corne forward, advance, jut out, draw near, approach, corne up.

avant, adv., forward ; en avant, forward, in front ; la tête en avant, head first, head foremost ; bien (or trhs) avant dans la nuit, far on in (to) the night.

avant, prep. , before (of time, rank, order) ; avant de, before.

avant-garde, n.f., vanguard.

avarer adj., avaricious, stingy, sparing, niggardly.

avec, prep., with, in company with, along with ; with (of the instrument with which anything is done).

avenue, n.f., avenue.

avertir,v.tr.,to warn, give notice to.

avide, adj. , greedy, eager, covetous.

avidement, adv.. greedily, hung-

rily, eagerly.

avis, n.m. , opinion, sentiment, mind.

aviser., v. tr , to perceive, descry,

espy ; s'aviser, to think of, take it

into one's head, bethink one's self.

avoir, v. tr. ir. (ayant, eu, j'ai, j'eus, j'aurai, que j'aie), to hâve ; avoir soif, tobethirsty; avoir {bien) faim, be (very) hungry ; avoir petir, to be afraid ; avoir grancT peur, to be very much afraid ; y avoir, impers, vb. , il y a, there is or there are, il y avait, there vias or there were, etc. ; il y a cinquante ans, fifty years ago ; il y avait trois semaines, three weeks bcfore (or ago) ; avoir six ans, to to be six years old; avoir à, to hâve to, require or need to ; avoir quelque chose, to hâve sometliing the matter with one, cet enfant fleure, il a quelque chose, that child is crying. there is something the matter w\Û\ it ; avoir lieu, to take place.

avouer, v. tr. , to confess, déclare, avow, acknowledge.

avril, n. pr. m., April,

ayant, près. part, of avoir.

ayons, i pi. près. ?,uh]. oî avoir.

azur, n.m., azuré, blue.

babine, n.f., lip (of beasts) ; babines

d'amadou, rcd lips.

baby, n.m., (gen. spelt bébé), baby.

bagag-e, n.m., luggage, baggage ;

pi., ditto.

bah ! intcrj., pooh !, pshnw 1 bahut, n.m., cupboard, chcst.

baie, n f., bay (of a doorway), arch,

frame.

baigner, v. tr., to bathe, lave; se baigner, to bathe one's self, bathe (intr.).

bain, n.m., bath ; bain de sable, sandbath ; bain de m^r, sea-bath.

baiser, v. tr., to kiss.

baiser; n.m., kiss.

baisser, v. tr. and intr., tolet down, lower, hang dov/n, bow down, droop ; se baisser, to stoop, droop.

bal, n.m., bail (for dancing).

balafrer, v. tr. , to slash, gash, scar.

balancer, v. tr. ir. {c becomes f before a ox o in conjugation), to balance, swing, wave ; se balancer, to swing (intr.), rock (intr.), sway about (intr.).

balbutier, v tr. and intr., to stamnier, lisp.

balcon, n.m., balcony.

ballon, n.m., balloon, football.

balloter, v. intr., to toss about.

Baltique, n. pr. f. , Baltic (sea).

bambou, n. m. , bamboo.

banc, n.m , bench, seat. '

banlieue, n.f.outskirts (of atown), suburbs.

bannière, n.f., banner, standard, flag.

baptême, n.m., baptism, christening; dans un baptême, at a baptism.

barbarie, n.f., barbarity, extrême cruelty ; cest une barbarie, it is a pièce of barbarity, it is barbarous.

barbe, n.f,, beanl ; à la barbe blanche, with a white beard, whitebearded.

barbiche, n.f., tuft of beard, tufied

beard.

baron, n.m., baron, barque, n.f., bark, boat, craft.

bas, basse, adj., low.

bas» adv. , low, down ; là-bas, over there, yonder ; a74 bas de, at the foot or botloin of ; en bas, below, at the bottom, down ; tout en bas, away down below ; toui bas, softly ; dire tout bas, to say very softly, whîsper ; ici-bas, hère below, on the earth.

bas, n m., stocking.

Bastille, n.f., Bastile or Bastille.

bataille, n.f., battle.

bataillon, n. m., bataillon .squadron.

bateau, n.m,, boat.

bâtiment, n.m., building, édifice.

bâton, n.m., stick, straight strokes lin learning to write).

battre, v. tr. and intr. ir. (3 sing.

près, indic. il bat), to beat ; se battre, to fight ; battu, p. part. , bcaten.

Bavière, n. pr. f., Ba varia.

béant, adj., gaping, yawning.

beau, bel, belle, pi. beaux,

belles, adj. , beautiful, handsome, fine, fair, happy, glorious, noble, magnificent, admirable ; de plus belle, faster than ever, faster and faster ; avoir beau + Infin. , to be in vain that ; il a beau protester, it is in vain that he protests.

beaucoup, adv., much, a great dcal, very much, many, very many, a great many ; beaucoup de, ditto.

beau-frère, n.m., brother-in-law.

becqueter, v. tr. and intr. ir, (stem e becomes è when the vowel of the foUowing syllable is e mute) , to peck.

bégayer, v. tr. , to stammer out,

bel, see beau.

belette, n.f., weasel ; la Belette, madam Weasel.

belle, f. of beau ; de plus belle, see beau ; belle et bonne, regular, unmistakable.

belle-sœur, «.f., sister-in-law.

bénir, v. tr. , to bless, consecrate.

bercer, v. tr. ir. {c becomes f before a ox o'vsx conjugation), to rock.

berger, n.m., shepherd.

bergerie, n.f., sheepfold.

besace, n.f.^ wallet.

besogne, n.f. , work, business, labor.

besoin, n.m., need,want, necessity ; avoir besoin de, to hâve need of, need, want ; ait besoin^ in case of need or necessity.

bête, n.f., animal, brute, créature; bêtes féroces, wild beasts.

beurre, n.m., butter ; pot à beurre, butter-crock, butter-tub ; pot de beurre, crock or tub of butter.

bien, n.m , benefit, welfare, good, blessing, boon ; pi. , property, goods wealth, estate ; faire du bien à, to do good to.

bien, adv., well ; very; now ; indeed, really, truly, I am sure, etc. , to be sure, I wonder ; qui te ; eh bien l, well !, well then !, well now ! ; avoir bien envie de, wish very much to ; être bien, to be well, be well off, be comfortable, be happy; on peut bien les jeter, they may be thrown away now, you may just as well throw them away ; fiomtne de bien, worthy man, upright man, good man ; si bien que, so that ; aussi bien que, as well as.

bien-être, n.m., comfortablencss, comfort.

bienfait, n.m., benefit, favor, act of kindness or charity.

bien que, conj. (foll. by the subj ),

though, although.

bientôt, adv., soon, ère long, quickly, shortly; h bientôt, good-bye for the présent.

bienveillance, n.f., benevolcnœ,

good-will, friendliness, bienvenu, adj., welcome ; être

bienvenu, to be welcome, bille, n.f., marble (child's toy).

bique, n. f. , she-goat.

biscuit, n.m., biscuit.

bise, n.f., north wind.

bizarre, adj., odd, singular, strange,

extraordinary, fantastical.

blanc, blanche, adj., white ; n.

m., white.

blancheur, n.f., whiteness.

Blanquette, n. pr. f.. Blanquette

(a diin of^/(772<:, white : Blanquette

= 'Whitey').

blasphémateur, n.m., blasphémer.

blé, n.m., wheat, corn, wheat-field. blême, adj., pale, pallid.

blesser, v. tr., to wound ; blessé,

p. part , wounded.

blessure, n.f., wound.

bleu, adj., blue.

blond., adj., fair (of complexion), reddish blond, golden.

bobinette, n.f., latch (wooden).

bœuf, n.m., o.x.

boire, v. tr. and intr. ir. (buvant, bu, je bois, je bus, je boirai, que je boive), to drink ; donner pour boire , to give a gratuity, give a tip (colloq. ) ; se servir à boire, help one's self to a drink.

boire, n.m., drink, drinking.

bois, n.m., wood, forest, park ; éire en bois d'érable, to be (made) of maple.

bombardement, n.m., bombard-

ment.

bomber, v. tr. and intr., to swell, bulge, arch ; bombé, p. part., archcd, convex, bulging.

bon, bonne, adj., good, kind,

kindly, good-natured, bond, n.m., bound, skip, jump.

bondir, v. intr., tojump, start.

bonheur, n.m. happlness, succcss.

prosperity, good fortune, good luck. bonhomie, n. f , good nature.

bonhomme, n.m., simple, goodnatured man, good-hearted (old)

man (p. 63).

bonjour, n.m. , good moming, good

day.

bonnement, adv. , plainly, frankly.

bonnet, n.m., cap ; bonnet de nuit,

night-cap.

bonté, n.f., goodness, kindness,

favor ; bonté divine !, goodness gra-

cious !

bord, n.m., shore, bank, side, brink,

edge, margin.

bordée, n.f., tack, stretch; broad-

side, volley.

border, v. tr., to border, edge ;

bordé, p. part., bordered.

borne, n.f., landmark, limit, bound.

borner, V. tr., to limit, restrict; se

borner, limit one's self, content one's

self.

bosquet, n.m., grove, thicket.

bossu, adj., hump-backed, hunch-

backed ; bossu, n.m., hunch-back,

hump-back.

botte, n.f., boot.

botter, V. tr. , to furnish with boots ;

botté, p. part., furnished with boots ;

le chat botté, " Puss in Boots." botter (se), v. r., to put on one's

boots.

bouc, n.m., goat, he-goat.

bouche, n.f,, mouth.

boucher, v. tr. , to stop, stop up.

boucherie, n.t,, shambles, cattle-

market.

bouclier, n.m. , buckler, shield.

bouger, v. intr. ir. {g becomes ge

before a or t» in conjugation), to stir,

niove.

bouillon, n.m., broth, soup ; bub-

ble, ripple, cascade ; à gros bouillons, in great cascades.

bouleverser, v. tr., to overthrow,

disarrange, upset, agitate.

bouquet, n.m., nosegay, bouquet,

bunch (of fiov/ers, etc.).

bourgeois, n.m., burgess, citizen,

conmioner.

bourreau, n.m., executioner,heads-

man, tormentor.

bourrer, V. tr., to stuff.

bout, n.m., end, tip, bit; au bout

d' un moment, after a moment.

bouton, n.m., button. branche, n.r.. branch, bough.

branchette, n.f. (dim. of branche,

a branch), little branch, twig.

brandir, v. tr. , to brandish.

bras, n. m. , arm.

brave, adj., brave, gallant ; honcst,

good, kind, worthy.

bravement, adv,, bravely, cour-

agcously.

braver, v. tr, , to brave, defy.

bravo !, interj., welldone !, bravo !

bravos, s. m. pi. , applause, shouts

of bravo !

brebis, n.f., sheep.

brèche, n f., breach, break.

bref, brève, adj., short, brief.

Bretagne (la), n. pr.f., Britanny(a

province of France).

bric-à-brac, n.m., odds and ends,

bric-à-brac.

brillant, adj., brilliant, bright, ef-

fulgent.

briller, v. intr., to shine, glittcr,

glisten, sparkle.

brin, n.m., blade (of grass, etc.), sprig, stalk.

briser, v. tr., to break, crack, shatter ; brisé, p. part., broken, etc.; se briser, to be broken, be dashed to pièces, break (inlr., said of the sea).

broder, v. tr., to embroider ; brodé, p. part., embroidered.

bronze, n. m. , bronze.

brouillard, n.m., fog, mist, hazc, steam.

brouiller, v. tr., to throw into confusion, set at variance, enibroil ; brouillé, p. part., at enmity.

broussailles, s. f. pi., brushwood,

bushes.

brouter, v. tr. and intr. , to browse,

crop, pa.sture on.

bruissement, n.m , ruslling, rat

tling, clicking.

bruit, n m. , noise, sound.

brûler, v. tr., to burn.

brume, n.f., fog, mist, haze.

brun, n m., brown.

brusquement, adv., suddeniv, bluntly, roughly, abruptly, quickly, superficially,

bruyère, n.f., heath.

bu, p. part, of boire.

bûcheron, n m., woodcutter.

budget, n.m., budget.

buffet, n.m., sideboard, cupboard-

buissière, n.f., thicket, bush.

bulletin, n. m. , bulletin (an officiai announcement).

buste, n.m., bust, chest.

buvait, 3 sing. impf. indic. of boire.

ça, pron. (contr. from cela)^ that ;

comme ça, like that, in that way.

c'a été for ra a été.

çà, adv. , hère ; çà et là, hère and

there ; or f à /, corne now 1

caban©, n.f., cabin, hut,

cabinet, n.m., cabinet, study, office.

Oacher, v. tr., to hide, conceal ; se cacher, to hide one's self, hide (intr. ).

cadavre, n.m., corpse, dead body.

cadet, cadette, adj., younger, youngest (of a family) ; le cadet, adj. as noun, younger brother, younger son, the younger.

cag'e, n.f., cage.

calcul, n.m., calculation, reckoning, ciphering.

calendrier, n.m., calendar, almanac.

calice, n.m., cup, calyx or cup (of a flower).

Oalpurnie, n. pr. f., Calpumia.

calme, adj., calm, quiet • n.m.

stilhiess, calmness, calm.

calotte, n.f., cap, skull-cap.

camarade, n.m. or f., comrade, play-mate ; caynarade de classe, c\as?,mate, school-fellow.

camp, n.m., camp; aide de camp, aidc-de-camp.

campagne, n.f., country, fields ; campaign ; en catnpagne, in the field (milit.).

campanule, n.f., campanula, bellflower.

Canadien, n. pr. m,, Canadian.

canal, n.m., canal, water-course.

candeur, n.f., candor, frankness

canon, n.m., cannon.

canot, n.m., cutter (kind of boat).

cantique, n.m.,hymn,sacredsong.

canton, n.m., canton (saidof a district of a country, le canton de Vaud en Suisse, the canton de Vaud in Switzerland).

capiteux, capiteuse, adj.,

heady, intoxicating.

car, conj., for, because.

caraco, n.m., pelisse.

caracoler, V. intr., to wheel about,

prance.

caracouler, v, intr., to coo.

caractère, n.m., character, disposition, temper.

carcajou, n.m., lynx, wild-cat.

caressant, adj., kindly, gentle.

caresse, n.f., caress.

caresser, v. tr., to caress, stroke, fondle, pet.

carnage, carnage,slaughter, havoc.

carré, n. m. , landing (of a stairway).

carrosse, n,m., carriage, coach.

carte, n, f. , card ; map, chart ; carte de visite, visiting-card.

cartel, n.m., challenge (to a duel).

cas, n.m., case ; case (med.).

casque, n.m., helmet.

casser, v. tr., to break.

cataracte, n f., cataract.

cause, n. f. , cause, reason ; à cause de, because of, on account of ; à cause que, because that, because.

causer, v. intr., to chat, talk, converse (familiarly); tocause, occasion.

cave, n.f., cellar.

ce, cet, cette, ces, demonstr. adj., this, that ; ce jour-là, that day.

ce, demonstr. pron,, it, that ; ce qui, ce que, that which, whieh, what ; c'est que, (it is) because, the fact is that ; -c'est moi qui, it is (was) I who, I am (was) the one who ; c'est vous, it is you ; c'est mon serviteur, he is my servant.

ceci, demonstr, pron. , this.

céder, v. intr ir. (stem é becomes è when the vowel of the following sylhible is e mute, except in the fut, and condl. ), to yield, give way.

ceinture, n.f., girdle, belt, sash.

cela, demonstr. pron. , that ; sans cela, without that, if it were not for thât.

célébrer, v. tr. ir. , (stem é becomes é when tbe vowel of the following syllable is e mute, except in the fut, and condl.), to celebrate, solemnize.

celle, f. of celui.

celui, celle, ceux, celles, demonstr. pron., this or that, this or that one ; the one, he, him ; celui qui, the one who, he or him who.

celui-ci, celle-ci. ceux-ci,

celles-ci, demonstr. pron., this (emphatic), this one, tbelatter ; he, him, etc.

celui-là, celle-là, ceux-là,

celles-là, demonstr. pron., that

(emphatic), that one, that man ;

îhe former ; he, him, etc.

cent, num. adj., a or one hundred.

centième, num. adj., hundredth.

cependant, adv. and conj., in the

meantime ; however,neverthe]eïs,

yet.

cercle, n.m., circle.

cercueil, n.m., coffin.

cérémonie, n.f., ceremony, state,

magnificence ; jour de cérémonie,

state occasion.

cerveau, n.m., brain, intelhgence,

mind.

cervelle, n.f., brains.

ces, pi. of ce.

César, n. pr. m., Caesar.

cesse, n.f., ceasing ; sans cesse,\i\ih-

out intemiission, constantly.

cesser, v. tr-, to cease, leave off,

give up.

cet, see ce.

cette, f. oi ce.

ceux, m. pi. of celui.

chacun, pron., each, each one,

cvery one.

chagrin, adj., gloomy, sad, sor-

rowful, peevish, ' chaîne, n.f., chain. chaînette, n.f., little chain; chaînette de fer, little iron chain.

chair, n.f, flesh, méat ; chair à pâté,

min ce- méat.

chaire, n. f., pulpit, desk (of a

teacher.

chaise, n.f., chair, seat ; chaisî

curule, curule chair.

chaleur, n f., warmth, ardor, fer-

vency.

chambre, n.f., room, apartment.

champ, n.m., field.

chanceler, v. intr. ir. (/ becomes // before e mute), to stagger, totter.

changement, n.m., change, altération.

changer, v. tr. ir. (g becomes ge before a or cm. conjugation). to change, alter ; ne changea rien, made no change ; chaJigerde milieu, to change one's surroundings ; se changer, to change or transform one's self, change (intr.).

chanson, n.f., song.

chansonette, n.f. (dim. oï chanson), little song, ditty.

chant, n.m., singing, song, strain, lay, crowing (of a cock).

chanter, v. tr. and intr., to sing; qu'est-ce que tu me chantes là (fam.?), what nonsense are you talking now?

chanteur, n.m., singer, minstrel.

chaos, n. m., chaos, confusion.

chapeau, n.m., hat.

chapelet, n.m., chaplet, rosary.

chaperon, n.m., hood ; le Petit Chaperon Rouge, " Little Red-Ri(i« ing-Hood,"

diapitre, n,m., chapter ; chapter (the canons of a cathedral).

chaque, adj., each, every, any.

char, n.m., cart, waggon.

charbon, n.m., ccal ; charbon ardent, coal of fire, burning coal.

charge, n.f., charge, care, custody ; à la charge de, in charge of.

charger, v. tr. ir. {g becomes ge before a ox o 'm conjugation), to load, burden, encumber ; charge, commission, order ; chargé, p. part., laden.

charitable, adj., charitable, loving.

charmer, v. tr., to charm, delight; charmé de, p. part. , charmed with, dehghted with.

charmeur, n.m., charmer.

charrue, n.f., plough.

chasse, n.f., chase, hunt, hunting ;

dans utie chasse, while hunting; chien

de chasse, a hunting-dog, hound.

chat, n.m., cat.

châtaigne, n.f., chestnut.

châtaignier, n.m., chestnut-tree.

châtaau, n m., castle, stronghold,

palace.

châtelaine, n.f., lady or mistress

of the castle.

chaud, adj. , warm, hot ; faire

chaud, to be warm or hot (of the

weather).

chaumière, n,f., thatched house,

cottage, cot.

chaussure, n.f., shoes and stock-

ings, foot-gear.

chef, n.m., chief, commander.

chemin, n.m., road, way ; chemin

faisant, on the way, while going

along ; passer son chemin, go one's

way ; par ce chemin-ci (by) ihis way

or road ; en chemin, on the way,

while joumeying.

cheminée, n.f., chlmney.fire-place,

mantel-piece.

cheminer, v. intr., to walk, go, ad-

vance.

chemise, n.f., shirt.

chêne, n.m., oak.

cher, Chèrei adj., dear, beloved.

chercher, V. tr. and intr., to seek,

look for, search, fînd, meet with ;

aller chercher, to go and get, go

and find, find out, get, go for, go

to encounter ; chercher fortune, seek

(one's) fortunes, try (one's) luck ;

chercher à + Infin. , to try to, strive

to.

chère, n.f., cheer, entertainment,

réception, living ; fai/ e bon?ie chère,

to live sumptuously ; faire bonne

chère à quelqu'un, to entertain any

one well.

chérir, v. tr. , to cherish ; chéri, p.

part., beloved, cherished, desired.

cherra, obsolète Irreg. fut. of choir,

to fall.

cheval, n.m., horse; à cheval, on

horseback ; fer à cheval, horse-shoe.

chevalier, n.m., cavalier, horse-

man, knight, chevaucher, v. intr. , to ride.

chevet, n.m., head of a bed, bol-

ster ; fig., bedside.

cheveu, n.m., hair; les cheveux,

the hair.chevillette, n.f., small peg, latch-

pin.

chèvre, n.f., goat.

chevrette, n.f. (dim. of chèvre), little goat.

chez, prep., to, or at, or in, or into the house of ; with ; among ; in, the case of (p. 32, 12) ; il est chez M. Ducrot, he is at Mr. Ducrot's ; aller cliez sa grand tnire, to go to one's

VOCABULARV.

grandmother's ; aller chez le roi, to

go to the king's (palace, court, etc.). chien, n.m., dog.

chinois, adj., Chinese.

choir, V. intr. ir. (usedonly in infin.;

obsolète fut. il cherra), to fall.

choisir, V. tr., tochoose, pick out,

sélect; choisi, p. part., chosen,

choice, sélect.

choix , n. m. , choice, préférence, chômer, v. intr., to be idle (for

want of employment), lie idle.

chose, nf., thing, matter, affair,

fact ; quelque chose, something ;

quelque chose d'extraordinaire,

something extraordinary, something

unusual ; sa chèvre avait quelque

chose, something was the matter

with his goat ; bieji autre chose,

something quite différent.

choyer, v. tr. ir. {y becomes i be-

fore e mute), to pamper, fondle,

make much of.

chrétien, adj., Christian.

chrétien, n.m., Christian.

chute, n.f., fall, falls ; la chute du

Niagara, the Falls of Niagara.

-ci (from ici, adv, , added to nouns

andprons.), hère ; par ce chemin-ci,

(by) this road or way.

cidre, n.m., cider.

ciel (pi. cieux), n.m., heaven,

heavens, sky.

Cigrale, n.f., gfrasshopper.

cimetière, n.m., churchyard, ce-

metery.

cinq, num. adj., five.

cinquante, num. adj., fifty.

cinquièmei num, adj,, fifth ; du

cinquième {étage), of the fifth storey

or flat.

cirer, v. tr,, to wax ; to bla«k (boots,

etc.).

Cirque, n.m., circus.

citer, V. tr. , to cite, summon.

citoyen, n.f., citizen.

civilement, adv., civilly, court-

eously, politely.

civique, adj., civic.

clair, adj., clear, bri^t, pure, plain;

bien clair, veryclearly, very plainly.

clairon , n . m . , clar ion .

classe, n.f., class, recitation (of a

class); class-room ; une classe man-

quée, a lesson or recitation missed ; faire la classe, give a lesson (to a

class), hear a class (recite a lesson). clef, n.f., key, client, n.m., cliente, n.f., cus-

tomer.

cligner, v. intr., to wink ; cligner

de rœil, to wink.

clochette, n.f., small bell, bell, clos, n.m., enclosure, field.

clou, n.m., nail.

clouer, V. tr.j to nail.

clown, n.m., clown (in a circus).

cochon, n.m., pig, hog.

code, n.m., code.

cœur, n.m., heart, heartiness, cour-

âge, energy ; par cœur, by heart ;

le cœur gros, with a heavy heart ;

de cœur, heartily, honestly, fervently;

de bon cœur, heartily, willingly, with

spirit. coffre, n.m., trunk, chest ; coffre de

matelot, sailor's trunk or chest.

coin, n.m., corner ; maison de coin

corner house.

colère, n.f., anger, passion, fury.

colibri, n.m., humming-bird.

collation, n.f., collation, repast,

meal, luncheon.

collègue, n.m., colleague.

collet, n.m., collar (of a coat, etc.) colline, n.f., hiU, hillock.

colonel, n.m., colonel.

colonne, n.f., column, pillar.

combat, n.m., combat, struggle,

fight, contest.

combattre, v. tr. and intr. ir. (3

sing. près, indic, il combat), to fight,

combat, fight against, keep in

check.

combien, adv., how much ?, how !,

how much, how.

combiner, v. tr,, to combine, con-

trive, invent.

comédien, n.m., comedian, actor.

commandant, n.m., commander;

commanda?it général, gênerai in

chief.

COmmandature, n.f., headquar-

ters (milit. ).

commander, v. tr., to command.

comme, adv. andconj.,as, like, as,

while, as it were, how !

commencement, n.m., begin-

ning, commencement.

commencer, v. intr. ir. {c be-

comes ç before a or 0 in conjugation),

to commence, begin (to, à or de) ;

Commencé, p. part, as noun (p. 48),

Begun.

conunent, adv.,how?, how!, how.

commerce, n.m. , commerce, trade,

traffic.

commettre, v. tr. ir. (commettant,

commis, je commets, je commis, je

commettrai, que je commette), to

commit.

commis, p. part, of commettre.

commode, n.f., chest of drawers,

bureau, communal, adj., of the parish or

commune ; école com7nunak, public

school.

commune, n.f., commune or parish ; communs.

communiciuer, v. tr., to com-

municate, impart.

COmpag'ne, n f., companion, wife, partner, consort.

compagnon, n.m., companion ; compagnon de fortune, companion in fortune.

COmi)ère, n.m., godfather, gossip, crony, boon companion, mate.

complaisance, n.f. , complacency, kindness.

compléter, v. tr. ir. (stem é becomes è when the vowel of the following syllable is e mute, except in the fut. and condl. ), to complète.

complice, n.m., accomplice.

comprendre, v. tr. ir. (comprenant, compris, je comprends, je compris, je comprendrai, que je comprenne), to understand, comprehend, conceive.

comprîmes, i pi. past def. ol comprendre.

compris, p. part, of comprendre.

compter, v. tr., to count, reckon, consider, take into account or considération ; compter -|- Infin. , to intend to.

comte, n.m., count, earl ; M. le cotnie, the Count.

concentrique, adj., concentric.

concert, n.m., concert.

concierge, n.m.f., porter, portress, door-keeper.

concourir, v. tr. ir. (concourant, concouru, je concours, je concourus, je concourrai, que je concoure), to contribute, help, co-operate.

condamné, n.m., convict.

condition, n.f., condition, rank, station, circumstance.

conduire, v. tr. ir. (conduisant, tjnduit, je conduis, je conduisis,

VOCAIWLARV.

je conduirai, que je conduise), to j conduct, lead, guide, take, bring ; 1 se conduire^ to conduct one's self, behave.

conduite, n.f., conduct, behaviour.

confection, n.f., making, manufacture, préparation ; pl.,ready-inad{:

clothes ; magasin de confections, a ready-made clothes shop.

confier, v. tr., to confide, intrust,

confondre, v. tr. ir. (3 sing. près, indic. il confond), to confound, confuse, mingle.

confus, adj., confused.

congé, n.m. , holiday ; donner congé à, to give a holiday to.

congédier, v. tr., to dismiss, send away.

conjuration, n. f., conspiracy, plot.

conjuré, n.m., conspirator.

conjurer, v. tr., to implore entreat, conjure.

connaître, v. tr. ir. (connaissant, connu, je connais, je connus, je connaîtrai, que je connaisse), to know, be acquainted with, become acquainted v/ith, understand thoroughly, find out, learn.

connu, p. part, of connaître.

conquérant, n.m., conqueror.

conquérir, v. tr. ir. (conquérant, conquis, je conquiers, je conquis, je conquerrai, que je conquière), to conquer.

conquête, n.f., conquest.

conquis, p. part, oi conquérir.

conscience, n.f., conscience, sincerity, conscientiousness.

conseil, n.m., counsel, advice ; council.

conseiller, v. tr. , to advise, coun sel.

consentir, v. intr. ir. (consentant, consenti, je consens, je consentis, je consentirai, que je consente), to consent.

conserver, v. tr. , to préserve, keep, maintain.

considération, n.f., considération, remark, observation.

considérer, v. tr. ir. (stem é be coines è when the vowel of the fol lovving syllable is e mute, except in the fut. and condl.), to consider view, gaze on, contcniplate.

COnsole,n. f .console, bracket, table

-consoler, v. tr., to console, solace

comfort ; se consoler, io cor\?>o\& one''.

self (with, de), be consoled, becom

forted.

conspirateur, n.m., conspirator,

constamment, adv., constantly continually.

consternation, n.f., consterna tion.

consterner, v. tr., to astound, a maze, dismay, terrify ; consterné, p part ,dismayed, in dismay, terrifîed astounded.

constituer, v. tr., to constitute form.

constitution, n.f., constitution.

constitutionnel, constitutionnelle, adj., constitutional.

consulat, n.m., consulate, consul ship.

conte, n.m., story, taie.

contemporain, n.m., contem-

porary,

contenir, v. tr. ir. (contenant, contenu, je contiens, je contins, je contiendrai, que jecontienne),tocontain, restrain, hold in check, repress.

content, adj., contented, pleased satisfied, glad, happy.

contentement, n.m., content-

ment, satisfaction.

conter, v, tr., to tell, relate.

continuer, v. tr. and intr., to continue (to, à), keep on, pursue ; Continué, p. part, as noun, Continuée!

contour, n.m., contour, outline.

contourner, v. tr. , to shape, distort, twist ; contourtié, p. part., distorted, twi'ïted, deformed.

contracter, v. tr., to contract, draw back,

contraire, adj., contrary, opposite ; au contraire, on the contrary.

contrariété, n.f. , vexation, disappointment.

contraster, v. tr. and intr , to contrast.

contre; prep., against, near, near by, close to, towards.

contrefaire, v. tr. ir. (contrefaisant, contrefait, je contrefais, je contrefis, je contreferai, que je contrefasse), to counterfeit, imitate, mimic.

contremander, v. tr. , to counter-

mand.

convalescence, n.f , convalescence.

convenir, v. intr. ir. (convenant, convenu, je conviens, je convins, je conviendrai, que je convienne), to agrée ; en être convenu, to hâve agreed (vv^ith regard to it).

convenu, p. part, of convenir, agreed on, pre-arranged.

conversation, n.f., conversation, talk.

convier, v. tr., to invite (to a banquet, etc.).

convoitise, n.f., covetousness ; ccil de convoitise, a covetous eye.

coq, n.m., cock, rooster.

coquillage, n.m., shell.

coquille, n.f., shell (of fruit, animais, etc.).

coquin, coquine, n.m. f., rogue,

wretch, scamp.

corde, n.f., rope.

cordon, n.m., cord, string.

Oordoue, n. pr. f., Cordova (a city in Spain).

corne, n.f., hom; coup de cornes, thrust with the homs ; don7ier d<s coups de corne à, to hook (of cows, etc.), butt.

corps, n.m., body ; corporation, assembly, society.

corset, n.m., corset, bandage; coi" set orthopédique, a supporting bandage (such as is worn by deformed perso ns).

cortège, n.m., cortège, procession.

costume, n.m., costume, dress.

costumer, v. tr. , to dress ; costumé, p. part., dressed.

côte, n.f., coast, shore.

côté, n.m., side ; de tous côtés, on ail sides, on every side, from ail sides, from every side ; à cùté de, by the side of, beside ; du coté de, towards ; dun côté, on the one hand ; de Vautre côté, on the other hand ; d^cn autre côté, on another side".

côtoyer, v. tr. ir. (y becomes i before e mute) to coast, coast aloug.

COU, n.m., neck.

coucher, v. intr. , to lie, lie dowTi ; être couché, to be lying down, to be in bed ; le coucher du soleil, the setting of the sun, sunset.

coucher (se), v. r., to go to bed, lie down, go to roost (of fowls), set (of tha sun) ; aller se coucher, to go and lie down.

VOCABULARV.

coude, n.m., elbow.

coudre, v.tr. and intr. ir, (cousant, cousu, je couds, je cousis, je coudrai, que je couse), te sew ; une machine à coudre, a sewing-machine.

COUSU, p. part, of coudre ; toui cousu de, filled full of, ail covered over with ; tout cousu d'or, roUing in wealth,

couler, V. tr. and mtr., to slide, slip, run, flow.

couleur, n.f., color, hue.

coup, n.m,, blow, stroke, thrust; action, deed ; move (in a game, etc. ) ; drink ; boire cinq ou six coups, to takc five or six drinks or draughts ; tout h coup, ail at once, suddenly ; h petits coups, little by little, by sips (of c'.rinking) ; un coup d'épaule, a helpinpf hand, a 'îift'; tout duu coup, cil r.t once ; dun seul coup, at a single stroke ; dît coup, at once, immedi."tely, thereupon ; coup de cornes, thrust with the horns, butt ; coup de dents, bite ; coup dœil, glance ; coup de poignard, daggerthrusc, blow v/ith a dagger, slab.

coupable, adj., guilty, at fault, blameworthy.

couper, V. tr., tocut ; couper court, to eut short, terminate.

coupeur, n m,, cutter (of clothes).

couple, n.m. and f., couple, pair,

cour, ri.f., court, yard, courtyard, barnyard ; court (of a king, etc.), retinue.

courage, n.m,, courage; avoir le courage de, hâve the courage to ; ayez bon courage, be of good courage.

courageux, courageuse, adj.,

courageous, brave.

courant, n, m. .current, course ; courant dair, current of air, draught ;

mettre or tenir au courant de, to

inform about, keep posted on.

courber, v. tr., to bend, bow; se

courber, to bend one's self, be bent,

bend (intr.), bow (intr.), incline

(intr.).

courir, v. intr, and tr. in (courant,

couru, je cours, je courus, je courrai.

que je coure), to run, hasten, run

about, fréquent, infest, hunt after ;

courir après, to run after, pursue ;

courir les nids, hunt after bird's

nests, go bird's nesting ; s'en courir,

10 hasten away, couronne, n f., crown (of a king,

etc.).

couronner, v, tr., to crown.

course, n.f., course, way.

court, adj., short ; couper court, to eut short, terminate ; de trop court, too short, too tightly.

courtisan, n.m , courtier.

cousu, p. part, of coudre.

coûter, V. tr. and intr., to cost ; coûter gros, to cost a great deal ; coûte que coûte, cost what it would, corne what might.

coutume, n.f., custom, habit, practice.

couturière, n.f.,dress-maker,sempstress.

couvert, n.m., table-cloth and dishes ; mettre le couvert, lay the cloth, set the table ; le couvert est mis, the cloth is laid, the table is set.

couvert, p. part, of couvrir ; couvert de, covered with ; être couvert, to hâve one's hat on.

couverture, n.f., coverlet, counterpane, sheet, blanket, bed-clothes.

couvrir, v. tr. ir. (couvrant, couvert, je couvre, je couvris, je cou-

vrirai. que je couvre), to cover ; couvert de, covered witfi ; être couvert, to hâve one's hat on.

craie, n.f., chalk.

craindre, v. tr. ir. (craignant, craint, je crains, je craignis, je craindrai, que je craigne), to fear, be afraid of.

crainte, n.f., fear, appréhension.

cramponner (se), v. r. , to cling

(to, à).

crâne, n.m., skull, cranium, head.

crémaillère, n.f., pot-hanger,

crâne ; peu ire la créma illire à

quelqtCun, to give anybody a house-

warming.

crème, n.f., cream. créneler, v. tr. ir. (stem e becomes

è when the vowel of the following

syllable is e mute), to make or form

into battlements ; crénelé, p. part,

embattled, crenel tcd.

creuser, v. tr., to dig, hollow out,

excavate ; plough.

crève-cœur, n.m., heart -break,

grief.

crever, v. tr. ir. (stem e becomes è

when the vowel of the following

syllable is e mute), to burst, put out

(an eye).

cri, n.m., cry, shout, scream, outcry.

crier, v. tr. and intr., to cry, shout,

call but, exclaim.

crime, n.m., crime, cristal, n.m.. crystal.

critiquer, v. tr., to critici/e.

croc, n m., hook, boat-hook.

croc-en-jambe, n m., trip, donner un croc-en-jambe à, to trip up.

croire, v. tr. and intr. ir. (croyant, cru, je crois, je crus, je croirai, que je croie), to believe, think ; croire à quelque chose, to believe in any thing ; je crois bien, I should think so ; se

croire, to believe one's self (to be) ;

il crut voir, he thought he saw.

croisé, n. m. , crusader.

croisée, n.f., window, casement.

croiser, v. tr. , to cro^s ; se croiser

to cross each other, be intenningled ;

se croiser avec, to meet, cross.

croix, n.f., cross.

croque-mort, n.m., undertaker's

m an.

croquer, v. tr. , to crunch, munch.

croupe, n. f. , croup (place behind the

saddle), loins (of ahorse).

croyez, 2 pi. près, indic of croire cru, p. part, of croire.

cruel, cruelle, adj., cruel, heart-

less.

cruellement, adv., crueily.

crus, I sing. past def. of croire.

cueillette, n.f., crop, gathering,

basket (of olives, p. 46).

cueillir, V. tr. ir. (cueillant, cueilli,

je cueille, je cueillis, je cueillerai,

que je cueille), to pick (fruit, flowers

etc.), pluck, gather.

cuiller, n.f., spoon.

cuir, n m., leather.

cuirassier, n.m., cuirassier.

cuivre, n.m., copper, brass.

curé, n.m., parish-priest, rector.

curiosité, n.f., curiosity.

CUrule, adj., curule ; chaise curule,

curule chair.

cylindre, n.m , cylinder. cytise, n.m., cytisus, labumum.

dame, n.f., lady.

danger, n.m., danger, péril.

dangereux, dangereuse, adj ,

dangerous.

dans, prep-, il. within, to, inio, on, at, froro . 'n. at the end of (ol

time) ; dans le temps, at the time ; dans la rue, in or on the street.

danse, n.f., dance.

danser, v. intr., to dance.

dauphin, n.m., dauphin (eldest son of a king of France).

de, prep., of, from, out of, for, with, in, on, by, at ; dfe + Def. art , some, any ; de partitively, some, any ; de + Infin. , to, at, for, in, etc. ; plus de, more than ; moins de, less than.

débarquement, n.m. , disembarkation, landing.

déborder, v. intr. , to overflow, run over.

debout, adv., standing (upright), when standing, on one's feet.

début, n.m., beginning, commencement.

décembre, n. pr. m., December.

décence, n.f., decency, propriety.

déchirer, v. tr., to tear, rend, lacerate.

décidément, adv., decidedly, positively, I (etc.) déclare.

décider, v. tr. and intr., to décide, détermine, induce, settle ; se décider^ to décide (intr.), make up one's mind, résolve ; décidé, p. part. , determined, resolved, settled.

déclarer, v. tr., to déclare, assert.

décor, n.m., décoration, scenery (of a théâtre, etc. ).

décorer, v. tr., to decorate, adorn.

découper, v. tr. , to eut up.

décourager, v. tr. ir. (^becomes ge before a or o'm conjugation), to discourage ; se décourager, to become discouraged, give up.

découverte, n.f., discovery.

découvrir, v. tr. ir. (découvrant, découvert, je découvris, je découvrirai, que je découvre), to uncover,

expose, show ; discover, be able to see ; se découvrir, to uncover one's self, take off one's hat.

décréter, v. tr. ir. (stem é becomes è when the vowel of the following syllable is e mute, except in the fut, and condl.), to decree.

décrotter, v. tr., to clean, brush

(boots, etc.).

dedans, adv,, within, in, inside ; in or jnto it ; le dedans, les dedans, n.m , the inside, the interior; làdedans, in that, therein, in them.

dédommager, v.tr.ir. (^becomes ge before a or o m conjugation), to indemnify, make amends, make up for, compensate ; se dédommager de, indemnify one's self for, make up for, make amends for.

déesse, n.f., goddess.

défaite, n.f., defeat.

défendre, v. tr. ir. (3 sing. près, indic. il défend), to défend, protect ; forbid ; se défendre, to défend one's self ; défendu, p. part., forbidden, prohibited.

défense, n.f., défense, protection.

défenseur, n.m., defender, guar-

dian.

défiance, n.f., mistmst, suspicion.

défilé, n.m., defiling, march past

(milit.).

définitivement, adv. , finally, de-

finitely, once for ail.

défoncer, v, tr. ir. {c becomes ç before a or o m conjugation), to stave in (a barrel, etc.), break up ; défoncé, p. part., broken, défroque, n.f., cast off clothes, old

clothes.

dégoûter, v. tr. , to disgust ; être dégoûté de, to be disgusted with, be tired of.

déguster, v. tr,, to laste, taste beforehand or by anticipation.

dehors, adv. , out, outof doors, outside ; au dehors, outside, without, out ; le dehors, the outside.

déjà, adv. , already ; déjà!, already !, so soon !

déjeter (se), v.r., tobecome warped (of wood, etc.) ; déjeté, p. part., warped, twisted.

déjeuner, n.m., breakfast.

déjeuner, v. intr. , to breakfast

delà» ; /^^ delà de, prep., beyond, on the other side of ; au-delà de.

beyond, on or to the other side of.

délai, n.m., delay.

déléguer, v. tr ir. (stem é becomes è when the vowel of the following syllable is e mute, except in the fut. and condl. ), to delegate.

délibérer, v. intr. ir. (stem é becomes è when the vowel of the following syllable is e mute, except in the fut. and condl.), to deliberaie, détermine.

délicatesse, n.f., delicacy.

délicieux, délicieuse, adj., de-

licious, delightful.

délire, n.m.,delirium, raving,frenzy.

délivrance, n.f., deliverance.

délivrer, V. tr., to deliver, release, set free.

déluge, n.m., déluge, flood.

demain, adv. , to-morrow.

demande, n.f., demand, que.'^tion, pétition, request.

demander, v. tr., to ask, ask for, demand, claim ; demandé, p. part. , demanded, required ; demander à, to ask of, ask ; demander quelque chose à une personne, to ask a pterson for a thing or to ask a thing of

; (or from) a persoii or to ask a per-

son a thing ; demander en muriage,

to ask for the hand of (in marriage).

demeiu-er, v. intr., to live, lodge,

réside, dwell, remain, stay.

demi, adj., half; demi-Iieure, n.f.,

half an hour.

de mi -voix, n.f,, undertone ; à

demi-voix, in an undertone.

demoiselle, n.f., a young (unmar-

ried) lady, maiden.

dent, n.f., tooth, fang ; coup de dent,

bite.

denteler, v. tr. ir. (/ becomes // be-

fore e mute), to indent, notch ; den-

telé,Y>. part., indented, denticulated.

départ, n.m., departure.

département, n.m., department.

dépécher (se), v. r, , to make haste,

hurry ; ne te dépêche pas tant, do not

be in such a hurry.

dépendance, n.f., dependence,

territory.

dépendre, v. intr. ir. (3 sing. près.

indic. il dépend), to dépend (on, de).

dépense, n.f., expense, expendi-

ture, outlay.

dép>enser, v. tr. , to spend, expend ;

dépensé, p. part., spent.

dépit, n.m., vexation.

déployer, v. tr. ir. (^ becomes i

before ^niute), to unfold, unroU, un-

furl, display ; se déployer, to be un-

folded, be displayed.

dépôt, n.m., deposit, trust, sum of

money, etc. (entrusted to the care

of any one).

dépouiller, V. tr., to deprive, strip;

des chemises dépouillées d£ manches,

shirts without sleeves.

depuis, adv., since, sincethat time.

depuis, prep., since , from ; depuis

deux jours, for two days (back), for

(the last) two days, two 4ays ago ;

depuis peu, since a short time ago, for some (little) time past.

député, n.m., deputy, représentative.

déranger, v. tr, ir. {g becomes .^v before aor o\n conjugation), to dérange, disturb, interrupt ; se déranger, to trouble one's self, put one's self about.

dernier, dernière, adj., last,

latter ; ce dernier, the latter, he ;

r afi dernier, last year.

dérober, v. tr., to rob, steal, con-

ceal ; se dérober à, to avoid, shun,

steal away from.

dérouler, v. tr., to unroll, unfold ;

se dérou/er, to unroU (intr.) display

one's self, be opened to view.

derrière, adv., behind, behind it,

behind them ; de derrière, hind,

hinder.

derrière, prep., behind.

des, contr, of de + les.

dès, prep., from (dating from), at,

not later than, on ; dès le point du

jour, at daybreak ; dès que ; as

soon as, when ; dès le retour de la

belle saison, as soon as the fine

weather returned.

désappointement, n.m., disap-

pointment.

désastre, n.m., disaster.

descendre, v. intr. ir. (3 sing.

près, indic. il descend), to descend, come down, go down.

déserter, v. tr. and intr. to désert.

déserteur, n.m., déserter.

désespéré, p. part., desperate, hopeiess, in des pair.

désespérer, v. intr. ir. (stem é becomes è when the vowel of the following syllable is e mute, except in .the fut. and condl.), to despair.

désespoir, ii.m., despair.

déshabillé, n.m., dishabille, nightclothes, night-dress.

déshabiller (se), v. tr., to undrcss

(intr.), undress one's self.

déshériter, v. tr., to disinherit ; les déshérités, p. part, as noun, the destitute, the forlorn.

désir, n.m., désire, wish.

désirer, v. tn, to désire, wish for.

désoler, v. tr., to lay waste. grieve, afflict ; désolé, p. part., grieved, disconsolate.

dessécher, v. tr. ir. (stem é becomes c when the vowel of the following syllable is e mute, except in the fut. and condl.), todry up, parch, wither ; desséxhé, p. part., dried, withered.

dessein, n.m., design, plan, scheme.

dessiner, v. tr. , to draw, sketch.

dessous, adv., underneath, underneath (them, etc. ) ; en dessous, below, underneath.

dessus, adv., above, over, uppermost ; upon (them, etc.); là-dessus, thereon, upon it, upon that, upon them, on that head ; avoir le dessus, to carry the day, hâve tlie best of it ; de dessus, from off, from ; au-dessus, above ; au-dessus de, above.

destination, n.f., destination, use, purpose.

destinée, n.f., fate, destiny, career.

destin ar, v. tr., to destine, intend, allot ; destiné, p. part. , intended ; de.,îiner à, to set apart for, intend to give to, allot to.

détacher, v. tr., to detach, separate ; détaché, p. part. , detached, se parafe.

détail, n.m., détail, particular.

détendre, v. tr. ir. (3 sing. près, indic. il détend), to unbend, relax ; se détendre, to relax (intr,).

détour, n.m., winding, turning, byway, détour,

détourner, v. tr., to tum away, turn aside, divert ; se détourner, to turn away (intr.), be turned aside.

détresse, n.f., distress, grief, trouble.

détruire, v. tr. ir. (détruisant, détruit, je détruisis, je détruirai, que je détruise), to destroy, dispel (of hope)

dette, n.f,, debt, obligation.

deux, num. adj. ,two ; tous (or toutes) deux, both (of them).

devant, adv., before (of place), in front of, ahead, in advance ; devant, n.m., front, fore-part ; prendre les devants, to go on ahead ; aller (or venir) au-devant de, to go to meet ; pattes de devant, front paws, forepaws.

devant, prep., before (of place), in front of, in or into the présence of, ahead of.

développer, V. tr,, todevelop, unfold ; développé., p. part., developed.

devenir, v. intr. ir. (devenant, devenu, je deviens, je devins, je deviendrai, que je devienne), to become, grow, turn, turn into.

devin, n.m., augur, soothsayer.

deviner, v. tr. , to guess, divine.

devint, 3 sing. pastdef. oi devenir.

dévier, v. tr., to deviate, svverve, crook ; dé:vié, p. part., crooked, bent.

devoir, n.m., duty ; rendre leurs devoirs à, to pay their respects to.

devoir, v, tr. ir. (devant, dû, je dois, je dus, je devrai, que je doive), to owe ; devoir+'[nfin.,toheone» duty

to, ought, be to, bave to, be obliged to, mus t.

dévorer, v. tr. , to devour, eat up.

diamant, n.m., diamond.

dictateur, n. m. , dictator.

dicter, v. tr., to dictate.

dieu, n. pr. m., God ; mon Dieu!, dear me !

différent, adj., différent, various.

difficile, adj., difficult.

digitale, n.f., fox-glove, digitalis.

digne, adj., worthy, dignified.

dilater, v. tr. , to dilate, expand, distend; dilaté, p. part., dilated, distended.

dimanche, n.m. , Sunday ; le dimafiche, on Sunday(s).

dindon, n.m., turkey, turkey-cock.

dîner, n.m., dinner.

dîner, v. intr., to dine.

dire, v. tr. ir. (disant, dit, je dis, je dis, je dirai, que je dise), to say, tell, recite.

dirent, 3 pi. past def. of dire.

diriger, v. tr. ir. (g becomes ge before a or o'm. conjugation), to direct, send.

dis, imperat. 2 sing. of dire.

disait, 3 sing. jmpf. indic. of dire.

disant, près. p. of dire.

discipline, n.f., discipline.

discours, n.m., discourse, sermon, speech, language.

disent, 3 pi. près, indic. of dire.

disparaître, v. intr. ir. (disparaissant, disparu, je disparais, je disparus, je disparaîtrai, que je disparaisse), to disappear, vanish.

disparu, p. part, of disparaître.

disperser, v. r., to disperse (intr.), separate (intr.),

disposer, v, tr., to dispose, prépare, arrange ; se disposer à, to cet

ready to, prepare^intr.) to, be about

to.

disposition, n.f., humour, feel-

ing.

dissipor, v. tr. , to dissipate, dispel ;

se dissiper, to dissipate (intr.), dis-

appear.

distinguer, v. tr. , to distingulsh,

discern, make out ; se distinguer,

to distinguish one's self, be disting-

uished, be visible.

distraction, n.f.,abstraction,heed-

lessness, inattention.

distraire» v. tr. ir. (distrayant, distrait, je distrais, — , je distrairai, que

je distraie), to distract, divert, en-

tertain, amuse.

distribuer, v. tr., to distribute, di-

vide.

distribution, n.f., distribution. district, n m., district.

dit, 3 sing. près, indic, 3 sing. past.

def. indic, and p. part, oi dire.

dites, 2 pi. imperat. and 2 pi. près.

indic. of dire, divers, adj. pL, diverse, various,

différent, diversement, adv., diversely,

varioTisly, in various ways.

divertir, v. tr. , to divert, amuse ;

se divertir, to divert one's self, amuse

one's self, make merry.

divin, adj., divine, sacred.

divinement, adv., divinely.

diviser, v. tr., to divide ; se diviser,

to be divided, divide (intr. ).

dix, num. adj., ten.

dix -huit, num. adj., eightem.

docile, adj , docile, tractable, quiet.

docteur, n.m., doctor, physician ;

learned man.

doi^, n.m., finger, dois, I sing. près, indic. of devoir.

domestique, n.m.f., servant, do-

mestic.

dommage, n.m., damage, injury,

loss, harm ; quel dommage !, what a

pity!

don, n.m., gift, blessing ; knack.

don, n.m., don (Spanish title).

donc, adv. Sixxà. conj., then, there-

fore, consequently.

donjon, n.m., donjon, keep (of

a castle).

donner, v. tr., to give, ascribe.

dont, rel. pron., of whom, of (from, ( etc. ) which, whose, with which, etc. ;

whence.

dorénavant, adv. , henceforth, for

the future.

dorer, V. tr. , togild ; doré, p. part. ,gilt. dormir, v. intr. ir. (dormant, dormi,

je dors, je dormis, je dormirai, que

je dorme), to sleep, be ashep ; dormant, peaceful, slumbering.

dormir, n. m. , sleep.

dorsal, adj., dorsal, pertaining to

the back, of the back.

dos, n. m. , back,

dot, n.f, marriage portion, dowry.

doter, V. tr., to endow.

double, adj., double, forked (of a

serpent's tongue).

douce, fem. of doux.

doucement, adv., gently, softly,

quietly, kindly.

douceur, n.f., sweetness, gentle-

ness, softness, kindness.

douleur, n.f., pain, grief, sorrow,

pi,, ditto,

douleureusement, adv., pain-

fully.

doute, n.m., doubt; sans doide,

without doubt, doubtless, no doubt.

douter, v. tr. , to doubt; se douter

de, to suspect.

doux, douce, adj., sweet, soft, gentle, kindly, mild,calm, pleasant, charming,

doyen, n.m. , dean.

drap,n.m.,cloth- draps délit, saeets, bed-clothes.

drapeau, n.f., flag,

dresser, v. tr., to erect, set up ;

dressé, p. part., erected, erect ;

se dresser, to stand erect, rise, stand ;

se dresser sur ses ergots, to rise on

one's spurs, assume a proud or défiant attitude, bristle up.

droit, adj , straight, right, upright,

erect; la main droite, the right

hand; à droite (se. main), to or on

the right (hand).

droit, n.m., right, title, authority ;

être en droit de, to hâve a right to. droit, adj. as adv. , straight. drôle, adj., droU, comical, amusing;

le drùle, n.m., the rogue, rascal.

du, contr. from de -Vie.

dû, p. part, of devoir \ je n aurais dû, I

ought not to hâve ; fai dû faire cela ,

I was obliged to (I had to) do that.

duc, n. m. , duke.

ducat, n.m., ducat (a coin), duel, n.m., duel.

dupe, n.m. or f., dupe, victim.

dur, adj., hard ; piocher dur (fam.),

to work hard.

durer, v. intr., tolast, continue.

eau, n. f. , water.

ébranler, v. tr., to shake, move,

disturb ; ébranlé, p. part., shaken,

trembling.

ébrécher, v. tr. ir. (stem é becomes

è when the vowel of the foUowing

.syllable is e mute, except in the fut.

and condl.), to notch, chip (adish, . etc.).; ébréché, p. part., chipped,

notched.

écailleux, écallieusè; adj.,

scaly.

écarter, v. tr. , to set aside, part,

disperse, scatter ; s'écarter, to wan-

der aside, ramble away.

échappée, n.f., opening, prospect,

insight, glimpse.

échapi>er(s'), v.r. , to escape, make

one's escape.

échecs, n.m. pi., chess ; le jeu

d' échecs, chess- playing, chess ; jouer

aîix échecs, to play chess.

écho, n.m., écho.

éclabousser, v. tr., to splash, be-

spatter.

éclair, n.m., flash, éclairer, v. tr., to light, illuminate;

éclairé, p. part., lighted, illumin-

ated ; s'éclairer, to grow bright,

brighten (intr.).

éclat, n.m., outburst, shout ; bright-

ness, splendor.

éclater, v. intr., to burst eut, burst

forth, Sound out (suddenly and

loudly) ; éclater de rire, to burst out

laughing ; éclatant, près. p., bright,

dazzling, brilliant.

éclore, v. intr. ir. and defective ( — ,

(éclos, j'éclos, — , j'éclôrai, que

j eciose), to blow, bloom (of flôwiers,

etc ).

école, n.f., school ; aller à t école, to

go to school ; à l'école, at school ;

maison d'école, school-house. écorce, n.f., bark, rind, outside;

pi., ditto.

écorcher, v. tr,, to skin, fiay, gall,

rub off the skin.

écouter, v. tr. and intr,, to listen

to, hear, pay attention, listen.

écraser, v. tr. , to cmsh, overwhelm ;

Arn/i^.p.part. .crushed overwhelmed,

(grief) stricken.

VOCABULARV

^orier (s')*, v. .r., to cry out^exclaim,

cry.

écrire, v. tr. and intr. ir. (écrivant,

écrit, j'écris, j'écrivis, j'écrirai, que

j'écrive), to w^rite.

écrit, p. part, of écrire.

écrit, n.m. , writing, document.

écriture, n.f., writing.

écrivit, 3 sing. past. def. of écfire.

écu, n.m , crown (an obsolète French

coin).

écuelle, n.f.,bowl, porringer, milk-

pail.

écume, n.f., scum, froth, foam.

écumeux, écumeuse, adj.,

frothy, foaming.

écxirie, n.f., stable (for horses).

écuyer, n.m., rider, horseman, squire.

éden, n.m., Eden.

effacer, V. tr. ir. {c becomes (• before a ox o\x\ conjugation), to efface, wear away, oblitérât e.

effaré, adj., frightened, terrified, wild.

effet, n.m., effect, deed ; en effet, in reality, in fact, indeed.

eflleurer, v. tr., to skim (over).

efforcer(s'), v. r. ir. {c becomes q before a ox o\n conjugation), to exert one's self, strive, endeavour, try.

effort, n.m., effort exertion, endeavour ; tenter un dernier effort, to make a final effort,

effrayant, adj., frightful, terrible, fearful.

efli^yer, v. tr., to frighten, alarm, terrify, dismay ; effrayé, p. part., frightened, etc. ; s'effrayer, to become frightened, be terrified.

également, adv. , equally.

égarer, v. tr. ,to mislead, lead astray, bewilder ; égaré, p. part. , bewildered,

wandering, erring, misguided, unintentional, randoni.

égayer, V. tr., to enliven, brighten up, cheer up.

église, n.f., church.

égoïste, adj., egotistic, selfish.

égorger, v. tr. ir (^becomes ge before d! or ^ in conjugation), to eut the throat of, butcher, slaughter.

égrener, v. tr. ir. (stem e becomes i vvhen the vowel of the following syllable is e mute), to shell (grain, etc.) ; égrener un chapelet, to tel' one's beads ; fig., to disperse, strew.

eh !, interj., ah !, well !; eh bien /, well !, well then !, well now !

élan, n.m., elk, moose.

élancer(s')» v.r, ir. [c becomes ç before a ox o in conjugation), to hurl one's self, rush, spring, bound, fly.

élargir, V. tr., to enlarge, extend ; s'élargir, to enlarge (intr.), distend

^ (intr.).

électeur, n.m. , elector.

élégance, n.f., élégance; élégance d'art, artistic élégance.

éléphant, n.m., éléphant.

élever, v. tr, ir. (stem e becomes è when the vowel of the following syllable is e mute), to raise, lift up, exalt, rear, bring up ; élevé, p. part. , high, loud ; s^ élever, to arise, rise, ascend, be erected, be pitched (of tents).

elle, pers. pron., she, it ; pi , they ; elle-même, sheherself, herself, itself.

éloge, n.m., praise, commendation ; pi., praise.

éloigner, v. tr., to remove, send away ; éloigné, p. part , removed, distant, far away ; s'éloigner, to go away, withdraw.

émailler, v. tr., to enamel.

embarquer, v. tr., to embark, put on board ship, send to s-^a.

embarrasser, v. tr., toembarrass, trouble, puzzle, perplex ; embarrasse, p. p., embarrassed, perplexed, puzzled.

embrasement, n.m., conflagration.

embrasser, V. tr., toembrace, kiss ; s'embrasser, to embrace (intr. ), embrace one another, kiss one another.

em.brouiller, v. tr., to embroil, confuse ; s'embrouiller, to become confused, get puzzled.

émeraude, n.f., emerald.

émerveiller, v. tr., to astonish,

amaze ; émerveillé, p. part., astonished.

émotion, n.f,, émotion, feeling.

émouvoir, v. tr. ir. (émouvant, ému, j'émeus, j'émus, j'émouvrai, que j'émeuve), to move, agitate, affect, touch.

emparer(s'), v. r., to take possession (of7 de).

empêcher, v. tr., to hindei-, oppose, prevent.

emi)ereur, n.m., emperor.

empire, n.m., empire, dominion.

emplacement, n.m., site.

emplette, n.f., purchase \ faire une emplette, to make a purchase, buy something.

emplir, v. tr., to fiU.

emploi, n.m., employment, situa'

tion, place, post.

employé, n.m., person employed,

clerk.

employer, v. tr. ir, (^ becomes i

beforeé?mute), toemploy, use, spend.

em.poisonner, v. tr., to poison,

envenom ; p. part., poisoned, envenomed.

emporter, v. tr., to càrry âwAy;'

carry off, svireep away.

empreinte, n.f., stamp, die, emprunter, v. tr., to borrow.

ému, p. part, of émouvoir, moved, affected.

en, prep., in, into ; in thelikeness of, like a ; of, made of ; en -\- près, part., in, at, while, whilst, on, as, when (or untranslated) ; en tète de, at the head of ; en redingote, dressed in a frock-coat,

en, pron. and adv. , of (from, out of, for, by, etc.) it or them ; of him or her, some of it or them ; some, any (sometimcs untranslated in this sensé).

encadrer, v. tr. , to frame,encircle ; encadré de, p. part., encircled by (as in a frame).

enceinte, n.f., enclosure, place.

enchantement, n.m., enchant-

ment.

enchanter, v. tr., to charm, de-

light ; enchanté, p. part., delighted,

charmed, enchanted.

enclos, n.m., enclosure, yard.

encore, adv., yet, still, again,Tnore,

moreover, besii'.es, also, however ;

as yet ; but only ; even ; encore un,

another, one more ; tout à l'heure

encore, but a little ago. encouragement, n.m., encouragement, incentive.

encorné, adj., homed ; autrement

encornées que toi, with horns (very)

différent from yours.

encre, n.f., ink.

encrier, n.m., inkstand.

endormir, v. tr., to lull to sleep ;

endormi, p. part , asleep, sleep-

ing.

endroit, n.m., place, spot, locality.

énerver, v. tr,, to enervate, wear

out ; s'énerver, to become enervated,

wear one's self out.

enfance, n f., infancy, childhood.

enfanti n.m. or f., child, son, daugh-

ter.

enfançon, n.m. (obsol. dim., of

enfant), littlc child.

enfariné, p. part,, covered or

sprinkled with flour, powdered.

enfer, n. m , hell.

enfermer, v. tr., to shut up, lock

up, lock in.

enfin, adv., in fine, in short, in fact, finally, last of ail, at last, at any rate.

enfler, v. tr., to swell, puff out, distend.

enfoncer, v. tr. ir. [c becomes rbefore a or c in conjugation), to sink, drive in, plunge, thrust ; enfoncé, p. part., sunken.

enfuir (s'), v. r. ir. (s'enfuyant, enfui, je m'enfuis, je m'enfuirai, que je m'enfuie), to run away, run off, make one's escape.

eng'ag'er, v. tr. ir. {g becomes ge be. fore a or o m conjugation}, to engage, induce, invite ; s'engager, to advance, march forward.

engoncer, v. tr. ir. {c becomes c before a or o va. conjugation), to cramp, stiffen ; engoncé, p. part., cramped, stiff.

engourdir, v. tr., to benumb ; engourdi, p. part., benumbed, torpid.

engourdissement, n.m., numb.

ness, torpor.

enguirlander, v. tr., to wreathe,

enc'rcle (as with a wreath).

enharnacher, v. tr., to hamess.

deck out ; enhamaché, p. part., caparisoned.

enivrer, v. tr., to intoxicate; enivrant, près, part., intoxicating, exhilirating,

enjamber, v. tr., to stride over, put one's leg over, bestride.

enlever, v. tr. ir. (stem e becomes h, when the vowel of the following syllable is e mute), to carry off, take away (from à), take out.

ennemi, n.m., enemy, foe.

ennui, n.m., weariness, ennui, tedi um, tiresomeness.

ennuyer, v. tr, ir. (j becomes z before e mute), to weary, annoy, etc. ; s'ennuyer, to be wearied, feel the time pass slowly, grow weary, find it tiresome.

ennuyeux, ennuyeuse, adj.,

tiresome, annoying, énorme, adj. , enormous, huge.

enrhumer, v. tr., to give a cold to;

^i';-^^«rA«7«é,tohave(orhavecaught)

a cold.

enrichir, v.tr, , to enrich, make rich ;

s'enrichir, to grow rich, become rich,

get rich; enrichi de, p. part., en-

riched by.

enroué, adj., hoarse.

enseignement, n.m., teaching,

precept, lesson.

enseigner, v, tr, , to teach.

ensemble, adv., together, withone

another, united ; tous ensetnble, aU

together, enserrer, v. tr., to shut up, lock

up.

ensevelir, v. tr., to bury ; enseveli,

p, part,, buried.

ensoleiller, v, tr,, to illuminate

(of the Sun); ensoleil.é, p. part.,

gilded by the sun, ensuite, adv,, then, thereupon,

afterwards, after that.

entasser, v. tr., to heap up, hoard, hoard up,

entendre, v. tr. ir. {3 sing. près, indic. il entend), to hear ; understand, comprehend ; faire entendre, to cause to be heard, pronounce, give forth, give out ; bien entendu, of course; air entendu, knowing air.

enterrer, v. tr. , to bury.

entêté, adj., obstinate ; n., obstin-

ate per=on.

entêtement, n. m., obstinacy, stub-

bornness.

enthousiasme, n .m. , entliusiasm.

entier, entière , adj . , en tire, whoie,

ail ; être tout entier à, tobe entirely devoted to, be quite given up to ; tout entier, entirely, quite, whoUy.

entourer, v. tr., to surround, enclose.

entraîner, v. tr. , to carry or drag away, sweep off , hurry along, induce, entice, fiU with enthusiasm.

entre, prep., betveen, in; among (distributively) ; d'entre, among, from among; entre les mains de, in the hands of ; entre les bras de, in the arms of.

entrée, n.f., entrance, entry.

entrefaites, n.f. pi., interval, etc.; sur ces entrefaites, in the meanwhile.

entremêler, v. tr. , to intermingle, intermix ; s'entremêler, to be intermingled, mingle (intr.).

entreprendre, v. tr. ir. (entreprenant, entrepris, j'entreprends, j'entrepris, j'entreprendrai, que j'entreprenne), to undertake.

entrepris, p. part, of entreprendre.

entrer, v. Intr., to enter, go, corne (into, en, dans) ; entrer en, entrer dans, enter, go into, corne into ;

entrer dedans, enter into it, go into it.

entre-regarder (s'), v. r., to look

at one another, stare at cne another, entresol, n.m., entresol, intermediate story (the story between the lower story — usually devoted to shops in Parisian houses — and the story above).

entr* ouvrir, v. tr. ir. (entr'ouvrant, entr'ouvert,j'entr'ouvre,j'entr' ouvris, j'entrouvrirai, que j'entr'ouvre), to open slightly, push aside, part, entretenir, v. tr. ir. (entretenant, entretenu, j'entretiens, j'entretins, j'entretiendrai, que j'entretienne), to entertain, keep up.

entrevoir, v. tr. ir. (entrevoyant, entrevu, j'entrevois, j'entrevis, j'entreverrai, que j'entrevoie), to get a glimpse of, catch sight of, see.

envelopper, v. tr., to wrap up,

muffle up, envelop ; enveloppé de, p. part. , enveloped, wrapped up in, etc.

envi ; à Venvi, vying with one another, emulously.

envie, n.f., envy, désire, wish, inclination ; avoir envie de, to désire to, wish to, want to, feel like ; avoir bien envie, to hâve a great désire to» want very much to.

envier, v. tr., to envy, be envious of.

environner, v. tr., to surround,

environ, beset.

envoler(s'), v.r., to fly away, escape, fall.

envoyer, v. tr. ir. (/ becomes i before e mute, fut., enverrai, condl.

enverrais), to send (to, à).

épanouir, v. tr-, to expand, brighten up, cheer ; épanoui, p. part.', brightened up, cheered, cheerful.

éparpiller, to scatter ; s éparpiller, to be scattered, be dispersed.

épaule, n.f., shoulder; un coup d^épaule, a helping hand, a lift.

épaulettei n.f., shoulder-piece, epaulet.

épée, n.f., sword.

épeler, v. tr. ir. (/ becomes // before e mute or else stem e becomes è when the vowel of the following syllable is e mute), to spell.

épidémie, n.f., épidémie.

épier, v. tr., towatch, observe, spv.

epieu, n.m. ,boar-spear, pike, spear.

épine, n.f,, spine, thorn, etc.; épine dorsale, spine, back bone.

éponger, v. tr. ir. {g beconies ge before a or o in conjugation), to sponge, sponge off.

époque, n.f., epoch, period, time.

épouse, n.f., wife, spouse.

épouser, v. tr., to marry, take in marriage, wed.

épouvanter, v. tr., to terrify, frighten ; épouvanté, p. part., terrified, frightened.

époux, n.m., husband, spouse.

épireuve, n.f., proof, trial, affliction.

éprouver, v, tr., to try, test, prove, feel, expérience.

épuiser, v. tr., toexhaust.

équilibrer, v. tr. , to balance ; équilibre, p. part., balanced.

équipage, n.m. , equipment, outfit ; équipage de pêche et de chasse, fishing-tackle and hunting-gear,

érable, n.m., maple; en bois d'érable, (made) of maple.

ergot, n.m., spur (of certain birds) ; se dresser sur ses ergots, to rise on one's spurs, assume a proud or défiant air, bristle up.

pr .m., Erie (name of

Érié,

lake).

errer, v. intr. , to wander, strav, ram-

ble.

erreur, n.f., en-or, mistake.

es, 2 sing. près, indic. of être.

escabeau, n.m., stool.

escarper, v. tr, , to eut steep ; escarpé, p. part., steep, précipitons.

esclave , n. m. or f. , slave ; tomber esclave, to fall into slavery, become a slave.

espace, n.m., space.

espèce, n.f., species, kind, sort.

espérance, n.f., hope.

espérer, v. tr. and intr. ir. (stem e becomes è when the vowel of the following syllable is e mute), to hope, hope for, expect.

espoir, n.m., hope, expectation.

esprit, n.m., spirit, mind, soûl.

essaimer, v. intr., to swarm (of bées, etc.).

essayer, v. intr., to try (to, de).

essouffler, v. tr., to put out of

breath ; essoufflé, p. part., out of breath, breathless,

essuyer, v. tr. ir. {y becomes i before e mute), to wipe away.

est, 3 sing. près, indic. of être ; est-ce que f (a formula of interrogation), is it (the case) that ? — a statement prefixed by est-ce que becomes interrogative.

estomac, n.m,, stomach.

et, conj., and.

étable, n.f., stable (foroxen, sheep, etc.).

établir (s'), v. r. , to establish one's self, settle down, take up one's résidence.

étaient, 3 pi. impf. indic. of être.

était, 3 sing. impf. indic. of être.

étaler, v. tr., to spread out, display, set forth.

étang, n.m., pond, fish-pond, pool

étant, près. part, of êt7-e.

état, n.m., State, condition; trade, profession ; state, commonwealtli ; l' état-major , the staff (military).

etc., et caetera, and so forth.

été, n.m., summer ; l'été, summer ; absol. , in summer.

été, p. part, of être.

éteindre, v. tr. ir. (éteignant, éteint, j'éteins, j'éteignis, j'éteindrai, que j'éteigne), to extinguish ; s'éteindre, to be extinguished, be put out, die away, go out or disappear (of a light, etc.).

étendard, n.m., standard, banner.

étendre, v. tr. ir. (3 sing. près, indic. il étend), to stretch, extend, stretch out ; étendre, p. part. , stretched, stretched out, lying flat ; s'étendre^ to stretch one's self ont, lie down.

étendue, n.f., extent.

étemel, étemelle, adj., eternai,

constant, everlasting.

éterniser, v. tr , to perpetuate.

éternité, n.f., eternity.

étinceler, v. intr. ir. (/becomes // before an e mute), to sparkle, flash, glitter.

étoffe, n.s., stuff, cloth, material.

étoile, n.f., star.

étonner, v. tr., to astonish, surprise ; étonnant, près, part., aston ishing, wonderful, extraordinary ; étonnéy p. part., astonished, surprised ; étonné de, astonished at ; s'étonner, to be astonished, be surprised.

étouffer, v. tr., to smother, stifle, suppress, choke.

étourdir, v. tr., to stun, make giddy or dizzy ; étourdi, p. part., giddy ; étourdi, n. , mad-cap.

étrange, adj., strange, odd, peculiar, extraordinary.

étranger, n.m., foreigner, stranger.

être, n.m., being, créature.

être, V. intr. ir. (étant, été, je suis, je fus, je serai, que je sois), to be>; as aux. verb, to be, hâve ; être à, to belong to, be mine, etc. ; être à, to be ocg(bpied in, be busy ; en être de même, to be the same (with regard to it) ; être = y avoir, which see, il était, there was, there were ; il nen est plus ainsi, it is no longer so ; y être, to be about or.at it \j''en étais là de mes réflexions, I had gone thus far in my reflexions ; être bien, to be well, be well ofF, be comfortble, be happy ; il est, impers =.il y a, it is.

étroit, adj., narrow, smalt.

étude, n.f., study.

eu, p. part, of avoir.

Europe (1'), n. pr. f., Europe

européen, européenne, adj , European.

eus, I sing. past def. of avoir.

eut, 3 sing. past def. of avoir.

eût, 3 sing. impf. subj. of avoir.

eux, pron. disj., they, them ; themselves, they themselves.

Évangile, n.m., gospel.

éveiller, V. tr. , to awake, awaken, wake, rouse, call forth ; éveillé, p.

part., wide-awake, bright, lively, intelligent.

événement, n.m., event, occur.

rence.

évêque, n.m., bishop.

évidemment, adv., evidently, clearly, obviously.

évident, adj., évident, plain, clear,

obvious.

éviter, v. ti.. to avoid, évade, es

cape.

évoquer, v. tr., to evoke, call up.

excellent, adj., excellent.

excepté, prep. . except.

exceptionnellement, adv., ex-

ceptionally, particularly.

exciter, v tr., to excite, provoke,

cause.

excuse, n , f . , excuse, apology ; faites excuse^ excuse me, I beg your pardon.

excuser (s'), v. r., to excuse one's self, apologize.

exemple, n.m., example, instance ; copy, copyslip, hcad-line ; par example, for e\ ample ; par exemple ! , just think of it !

exercer, v. tr. ir. {c becomes c before 0 or o in conjugation), to exercise, train, drill,(soldiers).

exercice, n m., exercise, drill (milit ) ; faire V exercice), to drill (intr,).

exigeant, près. part. o{ exiger, e:cacling, hard to please.

exiger, v. tr. ir. (^','- becomes ge before a or o in conjugation), to exactj require, demand.

exil, n.m., exile, banishment.

exiler, v. tr. , to exile, banish ; exilé, p. part., exilcd ; n.m., exile.

expédient, adj., expédient, ''feasible ; le plus expédient, the most feasible course.

expédition, n.f., expédition.

expérience, n.f., expérience.

expier, v. tr. , to expiate, atone for.

expirer, v. intr., to expire, die; expirant, près, part., expk-ing.

explication, n.f., explanation;

expliquer, v, tr., to explain*

exploit- n.m., exploit, achievement.

exposer, v. tr. , to expose.

expressément, adv. , expressly.

expression, n.f., expression.

exprimer, v. tr., to express ; s'exprimer, to express one's self, be expressed.

exquis, adj., exquisite.

exterminer, v. tr., to exterminate.

extraordinaire, adj., extraordin-

ary, unusual.

extraordinairement, adv., ex-

traordinarily, unusually.

extrémité, n.f., extremity, extrême,

fable, n.f., fable, story.

fabuleux, fabuleuse, adj., fabu-

lous, face, n. f. , face, countenance ; en face, in the face ; en face de, in front

of, opposite to.

facile, adj., easy.

façon, n.f., fashion, way, manner,

ceremony ; sans façons, without

ceremony ; sans plus de façons,

without more ado ; de toutes les façons, of ail kinds.

facteur, n.m., postman, letter-car-

rier.

fade, adj., insipid, tasteless.

faible, adj., feeble, weak, slight, faiblement, adv., feebly, not vio-

Icntly.

faiblesse, n.f., v^^eakness, feeble-

ness.

faim, n. f. , hunger ; avoir {bien) faim,

to bc (very) hungry, fainéantise, n.f., idleness, sloth-

fulness.

faire, v. tr. ir. (faisant, fait, je fais,

je fis, je ferai, que je fasse), to do,

acti mi^»<e, causer constittite ; to say,

feply, exclaim, remark, observe ; faire -\-\rA.n., to make, cause to, ha.\&\ faire avancer, tosend forward, bring forward ; faire venir, to cause to corne, send iov ; faire faire ^ to cause to be made, hâve made \ faire sejnblant de, to prétend to, feign to ; faire le mort, to prétend to be dead ; faii-e trois mille lieues, to travelthree thousand leagues, ce.'a ne fait rien, that makes no différence ; faire fête à, to welcome.hailwith joy ; faire la loi à, to give laws to, go ver n ; faire naufrage, to be ship virrecked ; d-:

lui faire avoir le singe, to procure the monkey fer him ; faire mal à, to hurt, be painful to, give pain to ; faire un cri, to give a shout, utter a Qxy ; faire r exercice, to drill (intr. , of soldiers) ; faire la classe, to give a lesson, teach a cl >ss ; as a causalive \erh faire takes the direct object of the person when the following infinitive is intr., and the indir.

obj. of the person when the following infin. is transitive.

faire(se), v. t., to make one's self, render one's self, make to or for one's self ; to be done ; to become ; to takc place ; to be ; <^a ne se faisait pas, that was unhcr-rd of ; il se faisait un grand tapage, there was a great uproar ; son lait se fit rare, hermilkdecreasedorbecamescanty ; se faire à, toget used to, grow accustomed to, adapt one'.- self co ; se faire entendre , make one's self heard.

fais, 2 sing. près, indic. oi faire.

faisant, près. part, oi faire.

faisiez, 2 pi. impf. indic oi faire,

fait, p. part, of faire ; tout-àfait, altogether, entirely ; fait, n. m», fàct ; feat, deedj

falaise, n.f. , cliff.

fallait (il), impf. indic. of falloir, falloir, v. impers, ir. ( — .fallu, il faut, il fallait, il fallut, il faudra, qu'il faille), to be necessary, hâve to ; il aut+\nfm., one (etc.) must; comme il faut, properly, thoroughly, effectually, (lit., as it shouldbe) ; il n'y fallait pas songer, it was not to be thought of ; il faut un livre à Jean, John wants or nefids a book ; s il me fallait les vendre, if I had to (were obliged to) sell them.

fallut (il\ past def. oi falloir.

fameux, fameuse, adj., famous,

celebrated.

familièrement, adv , familiarly.

fam.ille, n.f., family, relatives (col-

leçtively).

famine, n.f., famine, hunger, want.

fanfare, n.f., flourish of trumpets ;

pL, ditto.

fantôme, n.m., phantom, spectre.

farce, n.f., farce, non sensé.

farine, n.f., flour, meal.

farouche, adj., fierce, wild, shy,

timid.

fat, adj., foppish, empty-headed,

simple; n.m., coxcomb, simpleton.

fatiguer, v. tr, to fatigue, weary,

tire; se fatiguer, to fatigue onc'^

self, weary one's self, tire one's

self.

faucher, v. tr., to mow, reap, eut

down.

faucheur, n.m., mower, reaper.

faucon, n.m. , falcon, faudra(il), fut. oi falloir.

faut (il), sing. près, indic. oi falloir;

comme il faut, properly, thoroughly, effectually.

faute, nf., fault, mistake, offenee ;

sans faute, without fail

VOCAnULARY.

fletUX, fausse, adj., false, faithlcss, deceitful.

ftlVeur, n.f. , favour ; en faveur de, in favour of, on account of.

fédération, n.m., fédération.

fédéré, n.m , federationist, confédérale, leaguer.

félicité, n.f., bliss, felicity, happiness.

femme, n f. , woman ; wife.

fenêtre, n.f., window.

féodal, adj., feudal.

fer, n.m., iron ; de fer, enfer, iron

(adj.), of iron; pi., irons, fetters ; fer à cheval, horse-shoe.

feraâ, 2 sing. fut. oî faire.

ferme, n.f., farm, farm-house.

ferme, adj., firm, steady.

fermer, v. tr. , to close, shut, fasten ;

fer7né, p. part., closed, shut.

fermier, n.m., farmer.

fermière, n.f., farmer's wife.

féroce, adj., ferocious, fierce, sav-

age ; bêles féroces, wild beasts.

ferrer, v. tr. , to shoe (animais) with

iron ; ferré p. part., çhod with iron. festin, n.m., feast, banquet.

feston, n.m., festoon.

fête, n.f., holiday, festival, festivity,

célébration ; saint's day, birthday ;

faire fête à, to welcome, bail with

joy.

feuille, n.f., leaf; feuille tombée,

fallen leaf, dead leaf.

feuilleter, v. tr. ir. (/ becomes tt

before e mute), tum over the leaves

of (a book, etc.).

feutre, n.m., felt.

fève, n.f., bean ; rendre fhjes four

fois, to pay one back, give as good

as one gets, be revenged.

ficelle, n.f., pack-thread, twine,

string.

fidèle, adj., faithful, loyal, true. : fidèlement, adv. , faithfully.

fier, fière, adj.,proud, vain.

fier, V. tr. , to trust, entrust ; se fier à< to trust (intr. ) to, dépend on, rely on.

fierté, n.f., pride, haughtiness, bold

ness.

fièvre, n.f. , fever.

figuier, n.m,, flj-tree.

figure, n.f., face, countenance ;

shape, apf earance.

figurer, v. tr., to figure, represent ;

se figurer^ to imagine, fancy. filature, n.f., spinningfactory.

filin, n.m., rope, hawser; bout de filin goudronné, bit of tarred rope, fille, n.f., daughter ; girl, maiden ; file de village, village girl ; petitefille, granddaughter.

fillette, n.f. (dim. of fille), lass,

young girL filleul, n.m., godson.

filleule, n.f., goddaughter.

fils, n.m., son,

fin, n.f., end ; object, aim ; à la fin,

fànally, at last, at length, at the end.

fin, adj., fine, délicate, sweet ; acute,

shrev/d, cunning.

finance, n.f., finance.

financier, n.m., financier.

finement, adv., cunningly, slyly.

finir, V. tr, and intr., to finish, conclude, end ; c'est fini, it is ail over ; c'était fini, it was ail over.

fistot, n.m. (ci dialect dim. iromfils),

son, sonny.

fît, 3 pi. impf. subj. oî faire.

fixe, adj., fixed, staring or gazing

steadily (of eyes).

fixer, V. tr., to fix, fasten ; gaze at ;

fixé, p. part. , fixed, fastened.

fixité, n.f., fixity, fixedness.

FRKNCH READER.

flamme, n.f', flame.

flanc, n.m., side, breast.

flanquer, v. tr. , to flank ; flanqué

de, p. part., flanked by, on either

side of which were, etc.

fleur, n.f. , flower, blossom ; en fleur

in flower, in bloom.

fleurir, v. tr. and intr , to flower,

ornament with flowers ; fleuri, p.

part., flowery, blooming.

fleuve, n.m., river.

flexible, adj., flexible.

flot, n.m., wave, billow, flood, tide.

flotter, V. intr., \.o f^o^LX.', flottant,

près, part., floating, waving.

flûte, n.f., flûte ; jouer de la flûte,

to play (on) the flûte.

foi, n.f., faith ; ma foi! ox par ma

foi!, upon my word !, really!,

faith !.

fois, n. f. , time (repeated occasion) ;

une fois, once upon a time, once,

when ; à la fois, at (one and) the

same time, at once ; encore une fois,

once more, once again ; parfois,

sometimes, occasionally ; tant de

fois, so many times, so often.

folie, n.f., folly, madness, nonsense,

pièce of folly, joke ; h la folie,

madly, distractedly, to distraction.

folle, n.f., madwoman, madcap,

giddy person.

folle, f. of fou ; être folle de, t& be

pessionately fond of, dote on.

follement, adv. , madly, wildly.

fond, n.m., bottom, founda'Jon ; au fond de, at or in the bottom of, at

the back of ; faire fond sur, to set

store by, dépend upon; au fond,

at bottom, in one's heart.

fondre, v. intr. and ir. {3 sing. près.

indic. il fond), to melt.

font, 3 pi. près, indic. ol faire.

fontaine, n.f., fountain.

force, n.f., force, strength, might, power ; pi. , ditto ; à force de, by dint of.

force, adv., much, many; a great many.

forcer, v. tr. ir. {c becomes ç before a ox o \n conjugation), - td force, compel, oblige.

forêt, n.f., forest.

forge, n.f., forge, smithy.

forgeron, n.m., smith, blacksmith.

formalité, n.f.,formility, form

forme, n.f., form, shape, figure; en forme de, in the shape or form of, like, in the likeness of.

former, v. tr., to form, array, muster ; se former, be formed, take shape ; se former en spirale, to assume or take a spiral form.

formuler, v.tr . to formulate, draw up in due form.

fort, n m., fort (milit.).

fort, adj., strong, stout, powerful, vigorous, loud, violent ; n. m., strength, height, violence; pi., the strong,. the vigorous.

fort, adv., much, very, very much, violently, hard.

forteresse, n.f., fortress, stronghold.

fortune, n.f., fortune, weaith ; chercher fortune, to seek (one's) fortunes, try (one's) luck.

fou, n.m., raadman.

fou, folle, adj,, mad, foolish, e.xtremely or excessively fond (of, de).

fouasse, n..". (o^enerally spelt fouace'^, roll, buttered rolL

foudroyer, v. tr. ir. {y becomes ;' before e mute), to strike (as with lightn'ng), crush, overwhelm ; foudroyant, près, part., lightning, sud-

JVCABULARV.

den ; apoplexie foudroyante^ severe stroKe of apopiexy.

fouillis, n.m., confusion, medley.

foule, n.f., crowd, throng, multitude, host.

four, n.m., oven.

fourmi, n.f., ant.

fourrer (se), v. r., to thrust one's self (into, dans), creep (into, dans).

fourrure, n.f., fur.

foyer, n.m., hearth.

fraîche, fem. oi frais.

fraîcheur, n.f., coolness.

fraîchir, v. intr., to freshen, blow fresh.

frais, fraîche, adj., fresh, new, cool,,

fixais, n. m. pi., expenses, costs, charges.

franc, n.m., franc (a French coin — value about twenty cents).

français, adj., French; un Français, a French man ; le français ^ French (the language) ; leçon de français, French lesson.

France (la\ n. pr. f. , France.

franchir, v. tr., to leap over, jump over.

François, n. pr. m., Francis.

Frantz, n. pr. m., Frank (for Fran^ cis),

frapper, v. tr. and intr., to strike, smite, impress ; frappé, p. part, struck, impressed ; frapper une médaille, to strike a medal ; frapper des mains, to clap one's hands.

fraternel, fraternelle, adj.,

f rater nal, brotherly.

fraternité, n.f., fratemity, brother-

hood.

frayeur, n.f., fear, fright.

Frédéric, n. pr. m., Frederick.

frein, n.m., rein, curb, restraint.

frémir, v. intr., to tremble, shudder ; frémissant, près, part, ol frémir, trembling, quivering,

frère, n.m., brother,

friandise, n.f., dainty.

fripon, n.m., rogue, rascal, knave.

friser, v. tr. , to curl (the hair) ; frisé, p. part., curly.

frisotter, v. tr. , to curl (the hair) ix'xzz; frisotté, p. part., curly, frizzled, with curly or frizzled hair.

froc, n.m,, frock, monk's garment; fig., covvl.

froid, adj., cold ; faire froid, to be cold (of the weather) ; n.m., cold, coldness.

froidement, adv., coldly, cooUy.

froideur, n.f., coldness, indifférence, coolness.

frôler, v. tr., to graze, touch lightly in passing.

froment, n.m,, wheat.

front, n.m., forehead, brow,

frontière, n,f,, frontier.

frotter, v, tr,, to rub,

fruit, n,m,, fruit,

fugitif, fugitive, adj., fugitive,

fuite, n,f,, fîight,

fumée, n, f., smoke, fume; incensc.

fumer, v. tr., to smoke ; /<r/;«é, p.

part., sinoked.

funeste, adj., fatal, ill-omened.

furent, 3 pi. past def, of être.

furieux, furieuse, adj,, furious

mad, enraged.

fus, I sing, past def, of être.

fusée, n,f,, rocket, fusée.

fusse, I sing. impf. subj. of être.

fussent, 3 pi. impf, subj. of être.

fut, 3 sing. past def, of être.

fût, 3 sing, impf, subj, of être. futur, n.m.. intended husband.

JFREXCH READER.

g'ag'ner, v. tr., lo gain, win, earn, obtain ; to arrive at, reach ; to take refuge in, flee to ; gagné de cœur, won over.

g'ai, adj.,gay, meny, cheerful, bright, lively.

gaiement, adv., gaily, merrily, jovially.

g'aîté, n.f., gaiety, merriment, mirth, glee, cheerfulness.

gaillard, adj., jovial, joUy.

gain, n.m. , gain, earnings, profit.

galette, n.f,, cake(broad and thin).

gambade, n.f., skip,gambol, caper.

gamin, n.m., boy, lad, urchin, little rogue.

garantir, v. tr. , to guarantee, warrant.

garçon, n.m., boy, lad.

garde, n.f., defence, guard ; garde nationale, militia, volunteers, citizen soldiers; tomber en garde, to assume a défensive attitude.

garde, n.m., guard ; gardes nationatix, soldiers of the garde nationale, volunteers.

garder, v. tr., to keep, préserve, take care of, cherish, défend, protect, retain ; se garder bien de, totakegood care not to.

garde-robe, n.f., ward-robe.

garenne, n.f., warren ; lapin de garenne, wild rabbit.

garnir, v. tr., to fumish, garnish, stock, supply; garni, p. part., furnished, etc.

gâteau, n.m., cake.

gauche, adj., left ; à gauche to (or on) the left (hand).

gauler, v. tr., togather(nuts, etc., by

beating the trees with a pôle, '^ gaule').

gazon, n.m., turf,green-sward,p'ass.

geler, v. tr. and intr. ir. (stem e becomes è when the vowel of the foUowing syllable is e mute), to freeze ; gelé, p. part., frozen.

gémir, v. tr., to groan, moan.

gêne, n. f. , difficulty, discomfort, narrow circumstances.

gendre, n.m., son-in-law.

gêner, v. tr., to impede, restrain, incommode ; se gêner, to put one's self to inconvenience, put one's self about, hesitate.

général, n. m., gênerai (milit.).

général, adj., gênerai.

généreux, généreuse, adj., gênerons, noble, magnanimous.

Génésie, n. pr.f , Genessee (a river in New York State).

genêt, n.m., broom (kind of plant).

génie, n.m., genius.

genou, (pi. genoux), n.m., knee; à genoux, on one's knees, kneeling.

genre, n.m., genus, species, race; le genre humain, the human race, mankind,

gens, n.m, and f. pi., people.

gentil, gentille, adj., pretty,nice, graceful, kind, amiable ; well-behaved (of children).

gentiment, adv., prettily, gracefuUy, gently, softly, in a winning manner.

G-eorges, n. pr. m., George.

gerfaut, n.m., gyrfalcon.

geste, n.m., gesture, movement.

gibier, n. m. , game (the product of the chase).

gigot, n.m, , leg of mutton ; des manches b. gigot, leg of mutton sleeves (sleeves very wide at the shoulder and narrow at the wrist).

giron, n.m., lap,

glace, n.f., mirror, looking-glass.

^klO^r. V. tr. ir. {c becomes c before a ox o m conjugation), to freeze, Chili.

glaiT©, n.m., sword, brand, blade.

g'ianeur, n- m- 1 gleaner.

grlissade, n.f., slide ; faire des glissades, to slide, go sliding (on the ice, etc. , for amusement).

Sflisser, v. intr., to slip, slide.

globe, n.m.. globe.

fifloire, n.f., glory, famé, good name, honour.

grlorieux, glorieuse, adj., glori-

ous ; proud, elated, vainglorious ;

glorieux de, proud of, elated

over.

glorifier, V. tr., toglorify; se glorifier, to glory (in, de), boast.

gonfler, v. tr., to swell, inflate;

gonflé, p. part., swollen, fiUed (of

sails, etc.). gorge, n.f., throat, guUet ; manger

à pleine gorge, to eat one's fiU,

feast.

gosier, n.m., throat, guUet.

goudronner, v. tr., to tar, smear

with tar; goudronné^ p. part.,

tarred.

gouffre, n.m., gulf, chasm, abyss.

gourde, n.f., gourd, calabash.

gourmand, n.m., gourmande,

n f. , glutton, gourmand.

gousset, n.m., gusset.

goûter, V. tr. and intr., to taste,

lunch, eat a luncheon.

goutte, n.f, drop.

gouttière, n.f., gutter (of a roof),

"eave-trough." grâce, n.f., grâce, favor; graceful-

ness, élégance, beauty; grâce à,

thanks to ; allions de grâces, thanks-

giving.

gradin, n.m., step, tier.

grain, n.m., seed, grain ; squall, storm ; grain blanc, an ugly squail.

graine, n.f., grain, seed.

grammaire, n.f., grammar.

grand, adj., great, large, big, tall, grownup; grand ouvert, wide open.

grandeur, n.f., greatness, grandeur, magnitude, nobleness.

grandir, v. intr., to grow, grow

large, grow up.

grand'mère, n.f., gfrandmother.

grand-père, n.m., grandfather. grange, n.f., barn.

grappe, n.f., bunch (of grapes, cur-

rants, etc.).

gras, grasse, adj., fat; mardi

gras, Shrove Tuesday.

gratter, v. tr. , to scratch.

grave, adj., grave, serions, sober.

gravement, adv., gravely, solemn-

ly, soberly.

gravure, n.f., engraving, print.

gré, n.m., will, wish, liking, pleasure ; prendre en gré de, to take a fancy to ; à son gré, to one's taste ; bon gré mal gré, willing or unvviiling, willy nilly, whether one will or no.

grec, grecque, adj., Grecian,

Greek.

Q-régoire, n.pr.m., Gregory.

grêle, adj., slender, slim, thin ;

shrill (of the voice).

grelot, n.m., little bell (spherical) ; attacher le grelot, ' ' to bell the eat." grenadier, n.m., grenadier; pome-

granate-tree.

grève, n.f., strand, shore.

grignoter, v.tr., to nibble.

grillage, n m., grating, wire-work ; grillage aux affiches, buUetin-board (covered with a wire net-work as a protection).

grille, n f., grate, grating, grimace, n,f., grimace, wry face.

grincement, n.m., scratching

( Sound of pens on paper).

gris, adj.,grey.

grommeler, v, tr. ir. (/ becomes //

before e mute), to grumble, mutter.

gronder, v. tr., to scold, chide.

gros, grosse, adj.j big, large,

bulky, great, coarse, rough ; coûter

p-os, to cost a great deal ; le cœur

gros, with a heavy heart.

grossier, grossière, adj., rude,

coarse, uncouth.

grossir, v. intr., to increase, grow

large.

grotte, n.f., grott».

grouper, v. tr., to group.

guerre, adv. , ne . . . guère,

hardly, hardly ever, but rarely,

but little.

guérir, v.tr.,tocure,heal ; se guérir,

to recover (intr.), get well.

guerre, n.f., war ; cri de gtierre, bat-

tle cry ; à la guerre comme à la

guerre, one must suit one's self to

the times, what ca^i't be cured must

be endured.

guerrier, n.m., warrior.

guet, n.m., watch, watching, senti

nel ; faire le guet, to be on the

watch, be onthelook out ; au guet,

on the watch.

guette, n.f. (obsolète), watch, senti

nels (collectively).

gueule, n.f., mouth (of carnivorous

animal), maw, jaws.

gueux, gueuse, adj., poor, beg

garly ; des gueux de Lascars, some

beggarly Lascars.

guider, v. tr. , to guide, direct.

Q-uignol, n. pr. m., Punch and

Judy.

guise, n.f., way, manner, fancy ; à sa guise, at will, as one likes.

[AU words in which the h is aspirated,

are marked thus f.] habit, n.m., garment, dress, appareL

garb ; coat, dress coat ; pi. , clothes. habiter, v. tr.,to inhabit, dvvell in,

live in, réside in.

habitude, n.f., habit, custom, use ;

d habitude, usually.

habituer, V. tr., to use, accustom,

habituate ; s habituer, to accustom

one's self, get used to.

thacher, v. tr.,to chop, eut to

I pièces, hash, mince ; hacher menu, to chop s mail.

thagard, adj., haggard, wild.

thaie, n.f,, hedge, hedge-row.

thaillon, n.m., rag.

haleine, n.f., breath ; perdre l'haleine, to get out of breath ; reprendre haleine, to recover one's breath,

hallucination, n.f., hallucination, dream, fancy,

+halte, n.f., hait ; fai7-e halte, to hait.

fhanneton, n.m., may-bug, cockchafer.

thardi, adj., bold, darmg.

thardiesse, n.f., boldness, fearlessncss.

harmonieux, harmonieuse,

adj., harmonious, musical.

tharnacher, v, tr., to hamess.

tharpe, n.f., harp.

thasard, n.m., chance, accident,

hazard, risk ; par hasard, by chance,

accidentally.

thasarder, v. tr., to hazard, risk,

venture ; se hasarder, to venture.

VOCAnULARY.

f-hâte, n.f., hurry; haste, en hâte, in haste ; à la hâte, in a hurry, in haste ; avoir hâte, to be in haste.

thâter, v. tr., to hasten, expedite, hurry ; se hâter, to hasten,

thaut, adj., high, tall, lofty, upper, elevated, loud (of sound) ; le Haut-Canada, Upper Canada ; le haut bout de la table, the upper end . of the table.

thaut, n.m., height, top, upper part.

thaut, adv., high, loud, loudly ; parler tout haut, to speak out loud. .

thauteur, n.f., height, altitude, eminence, haughtiness.

thein !, interj., hey !, say !

hélas !, interj., alas !, ah !

Hélène, n.f., Helen, Helena.

hémiplégie, n.f., paralysis of half the body, hemiplegy. hemiplegia.

tHenri, n.m., Henry.

herbe, n.f.,herb,grass; brin d'herbe, blade of grass.

Hercule, n.m., Hercules.

héritage, n.m., héritage, inheritance.

héroïque, adj., heroic.

hésiter, V. intr., to hesitate, falter, be at a stand, stick.

heure, n.f., hour ; o'clock, time, time of day ; dans deux heures dici, in two hours (from now) ; une demiheure, a. half hour ; à la bonne heure !, that'sright !; tout b, l'heure, by-andby, presently ; not long ago, just now.

heureusement, adv., happiiy,

luckily, fortunately, by good luck.

heureux, heureuse, adj.,happy,

blessed, lucky, fortunate, successful.

theurt, n.m., collision, bloWi knock.

theurter, v. tr. and intr., to run against, knock, knock against, strike against.

hier, adv., yesterday.

hirondelle, n.f., swallow.

histoire n.f., history, taie, story,

narration. historiette, n.f., little story.

hiver, n.m., winter.

thocher, v.lr. , tojog, shake; hocher

la tête, to shake one's head.

hommage, n.m., homage, service,

testimony; pi., respect, homage.

homme, n.m., man, husband.

honnête, adj., honest, upright, vir-

tuous, becoming, seemly, décent,

respectable, kind, courteous, polite.

honnêtement, adv. , honestly,

honourably, becomingly, decently.

honneur, n.m., honour; en honneur or en l'honneur, in honour.

thonteux, honteuse, adj.,

ashamed, bashful, shy; shameful,

disgraceful.

hop !, an interj. representing a sud-

den movement.

horizon, n.m., horizon.

horloge, n.f,, dock.

horrible, adj., horrible, frightful,

dreadful, fearful.

thors, prep., out, beyond, except,

out of, outside.

hospice, n.m., hospital, alms-

house, asylum.

hôte, n.m., host ; guest, lodger.

hôtel, n.m., mansion, large house.

hôtellerie, n.f., inn, hôtel, hostelry.

thoublon, n.m., hop, hop-vine.

thoup, interj., halloo ! thoupette, n.f., little tuft, tassel.

thouppelande, n.f., big coat,

great coat.

thoUX, n.m., hoUy.

thuche, n.f., kneading-trough.

huile, n.f., oil,

thuit, num, adj., eight ; dans huit jou7's, in a week.

humain, humaine, adj. , human ;

le genre humai7i , mankind.

humble, adj., humble, lowly, meek.

humeur, n.f., humour, temper, disposition.

humide, adj., damp, wet, moist.

humiUer, v. tr., to humble, humiliate.

thurlement, n.m.,howl, yell.

h3rmne, n.f. and m., hymn.

ici, adv., hère, hither, in this place;

now ; dici, hence ; par ici, through

hère, this way ; ici bas, hère belovs'.

idée, n.f., idea, notion, fancy,

thought.

ides, n.f. pi., ides (in the Roman

calendar).

Ig'nace, n.m., Ignatius.

ignorance, n.f., ignorance.

ignorer, v. tr., to be ignorant of,

not to know.

il, pron. m., he, it, there; pi., ils,

they.

île, n.f., island.

illumination, n.f., illumination, illusion, n.f., illusion, delusion.

imagfe, n,f., image, likeness, resemblance, picture ; un livre d!images, a picture-book.

imaginaire, adj., imaginary.

imagination, n.f., imagination,

fancy.

imaginer, v. tr. , to imagine, conceive ; s'imaginer, to imagine, fancy, believe.

imbécile, n.m. and f., idiot, fool.

immense, adj., immense, very large.

immobile, adj., immovable, n\o-

tionless.

immobiUté, n.f,, immobility, im-

movability.

immortel, immortelle, adj.,

immortal, everlasting.

impatienoe,n.f., impatience, eagerness.

impatienter, v. tr., to make impatient ; s impatienter, to lose one's patience, become impatient.

impératif, impérative, adj.,

imperative.

impérial, adj., impérial.

imi)ertinent, adj., impertinent,

silly, stupid.

importance, n. f., importance,

conséquence, moment.

important, adj., important, ma

mentons.

importer, v. impers., to import, be of moment, concem, mat ter ; n'importe, no matter, never mind ; qu'importe f, what does it matter? ; que m'importe?, what matters it to me ? ; que vous importe f, of what conséquence is it to you?.

imposant, adj., imposing, striking,

stately.

imposer, v. tr., to lay on, impose,

enjoin, prescribe, lay.

impossible, adj., impossible.

impuissant, adj., impotent, pow-

erless.

impur, adj., impure.

inaccoutumé, adj., unaccus-

tomed, unwonted, unusual.

inattendu, adj., unexpected, un-

foreseen.

incertain, adj., uncertain, un-

settled, unsteady.

incident, n.m., incident, occurrence.

Incliner, v. tr., to incline, bow ;

s'incliner, lo incline, bow.

inconnu, adj., unknown.

inoonstant, adj., inconstant, fickle,

changeable, variable.

Inde, n.f., India.

indemnité, n.f., indemnity.

indépendance, n.f., independ-

ence.

indépendant, adj., independent.

indigent, adj. and n., indigent,

needy, poor person.

indignement, adv., infamously,

scandalously.

indiquer, v. tr. to inJicate, show,

tell, point out.

indissoluble, adj., indissoluble,

eternally binding induction, n.f., induction, infer-

ence.

ineffaçable, adj., indelible, inef-

faceable.

inégal, adj., unequal, uneven, ir-

regular.

inerte, adj., inert, slugglsh, dull, inexpérience, n.f., inexpérience infatigable, adj., indefatigable,

unwearied.

infini, adj., infinité, boundless.

informer, v. tr., to inform, ac-

quaint; s'informer, to inquire, make

inquiries ; ask.

infortuné, adj. and n., unfortunate,

unhappy, ill-fated, wretched person .

injure, n f , insuit, wrong innocemment, adv. , innocently innocence, n.f., innocence, innocent, adj., innocent.

innombrable, adj., innumerable,

numberless.

inouï, adj., unheard of.

inquiet, inquiète, adj., wnquiet,

•tnxiousj uneftsy, restless,

inquiéter, v tr. ir. (stem é becomes é when the vowel of the following syllable is e mute, except in the fut. and condl.), to make uneasy, disquiet ; s'inquiéter, to be anxious, be uneasy, alarm one's self.

inquiétude, n f., anxiety, unea.siness, disquietude, solicitude.

insatiable, n.f., insatiable.

inscription, n.f., inscription,

insecte, n.m., insect.

infilister, v. tr., to msist, urge.

insondable, adj., unfathomable.

insouciant, adj. ,careless,thoughtless, heedless.

inspection, n.f., inspection.

instance, n.f., entreaty, solicitation.

instant, n.m., instant, moment ; à chaque instant, at any nioment ; à l'instant, immediately.

instinctivement, adv., instinct-

ively.

instruction, n.f., instruction, éducation.

instruire, v. tr. ir. (instruisant, instruit, j'instruis, j'instruisis, j'instruirai, que j'instruise), to instruct, edu- ^ cate ; s'instruire, to get knowledge.

instruit, p. part, of instruire^ instructed, informed ; peu instruit de , ill informed regarding, knovving but liltle about.

insulte, n.f., insuit, affront.

intelligence, n.f, intelligence,, urderstanding, knowledge.

intelligent, adj., intelligent.

intention, n.f , intention, purpose.

intéressant, adj., interesting.

intéressé, p. part , interested, seifish.

Intérêt, n.m., interent, concern, feelf-interest.

intérieur, adj., interior, internai,

inner, inward, intérieur, n. m. , interior, inside ;

home, interminable, adj. , interminable.

interroger, v. tr. ir. {g becomes^^

before a or o in conjugation), to in-

terrogate, question,

interrompre, v. tr., to interrupt,

break off.

intervalle, n.m., interval, interstice ; par intet valles, at intervais.

inutile, adj., useless.

invalide, adj., invalid, infirm, disabled.

invalide, n.m.'and f., invalid, pensioner.

invasion, n.f., invasion.

inventer, v. tr. to invent, contrive.

investissement, n.m., invest-

ment, siège.

invincible, adj., invincible, insup-

erable, unconquerable, invisible, adj., invisible.

inviter, v. tr. , to invite, beg.

involontairement, adv., invo.-

untarily.

invraisemblable, adj . , uniikei y ,

improbable.

irai, i sing. fut. oî aller.

irriter, v. tr., to irritate, incense,

anger, exasperate, provoke ; une

7ner irritée; ÉCn angry sesi.

issue, n.f.-j isstje, egress, outlet. , . .

Italie (l'),iT.f.. Italy.

jabot, n.m., frill (of a shirt).

Jacques, n.m., James.

jaloux, jalouse, n. and adj,^ jeal-

ous person, jealous.

jamais, adv., ever; ng . . . .jamais,

ne ver ; à jamais, for ever.

( jambe, n.f., leg ; courir à toutes I ja?nbes, to run at full speed.

jaquette, n f., jacket.

jardin, n.m , parden ; jardin des plantes, botanical garden.

jaune, adj., yellow.

jaunir, v. tr., to make yellow.

javelot, n.m., javelin.

je, pers. pron., I.

Jean, n. pr. m., John.

Jeanne, n.pr. f., Jane.

Jérusalem, n. pr, m., Jérusalem.

Jésus, n.m., Jésus.

jeter, v. tr. (/ becomes // before e mute), to throw, east, throw away ; se jeter, to throw one's self, cast one's self, fail on, leap.

jeu, n.m., play, game.

jeudi, n.m., Thursday.

jeune, adj., young ; le plus jeujie, the youngér or the youngest.

joie, n.f., joy, gladness.

joli, adj., pretty.

jongleur, n m., juggler; (in older French, mins'trèl).

joue, n.f., chc-ek.

jouer, v. tr. and intr. , to play ; jouer à, to play at (games) ; jouer de, to p'ay on (an instrument) ; jouer un tour, to play a trick ; jouer de malheur, to be unfortunate ; se jouer, play, sport.

jouet, n.m., plaything, toy.

joufflu, adj., chub-cheeked, roundfaced, chubby.

jouissance, n.f,, enjoyment, possession.

joujou, n.m., plaything, toy.

jour, n.m., day, daytime, daylight ; tous les jours, every day ; de jour en jour, from day to day ; tout le jour, ail day long.

journalier, n,m,, day-labourer-

journée, n.f., day, dav's work, day's wages ; toute la journée, ail day long.

joute, n.f., joust, tilt.

jovial, adj., jovial, joyous,

joyeuseraent, adv., cheerfully, joyfully.

joyeux, joyeuse, adj,, joyful,

merry, cheerful.

jubilant, adj., jubilant, joyous.

juché, p. part., perched, gone to roost.

jugement, n,m., judgment, trial, sentence.

juger, V. tr. and intr. ir. (^becornes ge before a or t» in conjugation), to judge, conjecture, think ; to pass sentence, give judgment, condemn.

juillet, n.m., July.

juin, n.m , June.

jument, n.f., mare.

jupe, skirt (of a gown).

jurer, v. tr. and intr., to swear, vow.

jusque, jusques, prep., to, even to, as far as, till, until ; down to, up to ; jusque-là, up till that time ; jusqu'à terre, \o ihe ground ; jusqu'à ce que (with subjunctive), until.

juste, adj., just, right.

juste, n.m., upright rnan, virtuous man.

justement, adv., just, precisely.

justice, n.f., justice; law ; demander justice, to demand the law, to go to law.

r, art. (contraction of le and la), the.

r, pers. pron. (contraction of le and la'), him, her, it.

la, art. f., the.

la, pers. pron., her, it.

là-, adv. , there, thither, then ; çà et là., hère and there, up and down, ail

about ; là-dessus, on that, thereupon ; là-bas, yonder ; là-haut, up yonder (often ' in Heaven ') ; làdedans, in it, therein ; -/à, after nouns for emphasis, ce même jourlà, that very day ; de là, out of that. labeur, n.m., labour, work, toil.

laborieux, laborieuse, adj. la-

borious, industrious, hard-working.

labourer, v. tr., toplough.

labjrrinthe, n.m., labyrinth, maze.

lac, n.m., lake.

laceron, n.m., sow-thistle, hare's-

lettuce.

lâcher, v. tr., to slacken, relax, let

golaisser, v. tr., to leave, quit, abandon, bequeath, permit, let, allow ;

me laisser faire, to leave it to me ;

se laisser tomber, to fall ; se laisser

manger, to get eaten.

lait, n.m., milk, lampe, n.f., lamp.

lance, n.f., lance, spear.

lancer, v. tr, {c becomes ç before a

or 0 in conjugation), to dart, fiing,

hurl, throw, cast.

langue, n.f., tongue, language.

languir, v. intr., to languish, pine

away ; se languir, ditto.

lapin, n.m., rabbit.

laquelle, pron. f., who, which, that.

lard, n.m., bacon.

large, adj., . broad, wide, large,

great ; a7i large, out to sea ; il leur

faut du large, they need room.

larme, n.f., tear ; fojidreen larmes,

to melt into tears.

las, lasse, adj,, tired, weary,

fatigued.

Lascar, n. pr. m., Lascar (F^ast In-

dian sailor).

latte, n.f., lath, broadsword.

laurier, n.m., laurel.

laver, v. tr., to wash, wash off, lave,

bathe, lazaret, n. m., lazaretto, lazar-

house, hospital.

lazzi, n.m., pièce ofbuffooneryj est,

joke.

le, art. m. ; la, f. ; les, pi. m. f.,

the. le, pron. m. ; la, f. ; les, pi. m. f.,

him, her, it, them, so.

lécher, v. tr. (é bccomes è when the

vowel of the foUowing syllable is e

mute), to lick.

leçon, n.f., lesson, reading ; il a de

la lecture, he has read, he can read.

léger, légère, adj., light, nimble,

fickle, light-headed, inconsiderate,

thoughtless.

légèrement, adv. , lightly, slightly, lendemain, n.m., morrow, next

day, day after.

lentement, adv., slowly, tardily.

lequel, pron. m., laquelle, f., lesquels, pi. m., lesquelles,

pi. f., vv'ho, whom, that, which ; (interrogatively) u^hich one?, which?

lettre, n.f., letter.

leur, pers. pron., to them, them.

leur, possessive adj., their ; le leur, la leur, les leurs, possess. pron,, theirs.

levant, n.m. and adj., East.

lever, v. tr. (stem e becomes è when the vowel of the following syllable is e mute), to lift, lift up, raise up ; le jour levant, the rising day ; se lever ^ to rise, get up.

lever, n.m., rising.

lèvre, n.f., lip.

libérateur, n.m., deliverer, res-

cuer.

liberté, n.f., liberty, freedom.

libre, adj., free, unguarded, easy.

licence, n.f., license.

lien, n.m., band, bond, tie.

lier, V. tr., to bind, unité, tie, join,

link.

lieu, n.m., place, spot ; il y a tout

lieu, there is every reason ; avoir

lieu, to take place ; au lieu de,'m-

slead of.

lieue, n.f., league.

ligne, n.f.,line.

limbes, n.m.pl., limbo.

linge, n.m., linen.

lion, n.m., lion.

liqueur, n.f., liquid, liquor.

liquide, adj,, liquid, watery.

lire, V. tr. ir. (lisant, lu, je lis, je lus,

je lirai, que je lise), to read.

lis, n.m., lily.

lisière, n.f, list (of cloth), border;

lisière d^un bois, outskirts.

lit, n.m., bed.