scène, n.f., scène
scierie, n.f., saw-milL
scintillant, adj., scintillant, spaïk-
se, réf. pron., one's self, himself. herselt, itself, themselves, one another, each other, for or to one's self.
sec, sèche, adj., dry, barren, coid, sharp.
VÔCABULAkV.
sécher, v. tr. and intr. îr. (é becomes è when the vowel of the foUowing syllable is e mute, except in the fut. and condl.), to dry, wither.
second, adj., second.
secouer, v. tr., to shake.
secourir, v. tr. ir. (secourant, secouru, je secours, je secourus, je secourrai, que je secoure), to succour, to assist.
secours, n.m., help, relief, succour; au secours /, help!; crier au secours, to cry for help.
secousse, n. f., shake, shock, blow.
secret, n.m., secret.
section, n.f., section.
sécurité, n,f., security.
séditieiix, séditieuse, adj., séditions.
séditieux, n.m., rebel.
seigneur, n.m., lord.
sein, n.m., breast, bosom, séjour, n.m., stay, sojourn, dwell-
ing, habitation.
selon, prep., according to, agree-
ably to.
semaine, n.f., week.
semblable, adj. and n., like, simi-
lar, fellow, fellow-creature.
semblant, n.m., appearance, sem-
blance ; faire semblaiit de , to prétend
to.
sembler, v. tr.. to seem, appear.
semer, v. tr. ir. (stem e becomes è
when the vowel of the following syl-
lable is e mute), to sow, scatter,
spread, strew, sprinkle.
sénat, n.m , seoate.
sénateur, n.m., senator.
sens, n.m , sensé, understanding ;
reprendre ses sens, to come to one's
sensés.
sentence, n.f., sentence, maxim, judgment, decree.
senteur, n.f., scent, fragrance, perfume.
sentiment, n.m., feeling, sentiment, opinion.
sentinelle, n.f., sentlnel, sentry ; faire sentinelle ^ to keep sentry, be on the watch.
sentir, v. tr. and intr. ir. (sentant, senti, je sens, je sentis, je sentirai, que je sente), to feel, smell ; se sentir, to feel one's self, feel (intr.).
seoir, v. intr. ir., irjipers. defective (il sied, ils siéent, il seyait, il siéra), to suit, become.
séparer, v. tr., toseparate ; se séparer, to separate (intr.), part. (intr.).
sept, num. adj., seven.
septième, adj., seventh.
serait, 3 sing. condl. of être.
sérénité, n.f., serenity.
serez, 2 pi. fut. of être.
serf, n.m., serf.
sérieusement, adv., serlously, in earnest.
sérieux, sérieuse, adj., serions,
grave, earnest.
serment, n.m., oath ; prêter serment, to take (an) oath.
serpent, n.m., serpent; serpent à sonnettes, rattle-snake.
serpolet, n.m., wild thyme.
serrer, v. tr., to press, tighten, squeeze, grasp.
servante, n.f., maid-servant.
service, n.m., service.
serviette, n.f., napkin, towel.
servir, v. tr. ir. (servant, servi, je sers, je servis, je servirai, que je serve), to serve, wait on, be useful to ; se servir, to serve one's self, help one's self, make use.
lyg
serviteur, n.m., servant.
seuil, n.m., threshold.
seul, adj. and n., alone, by one's
self, single, mère, only, sole.
seulement, adv., only, solely,
merely.
sévère, adj., severe, stern, strict, seyait, 3 sing. impf. indic. of seoir.
si, conj , if, whether (the i is elided
before il and ils) thus : s'il, s'ils. si, adv. , so, so much.
siècle, n.m., century, âge.
siège, n.m., seat, siège.
sien, sienme, poss. pron., his, hors,
its, one's own ; les siens, his family,
his friends.
siflQer, v, tr., to whistle, to sing (of
birds).
siffloter, v. intr., to whistle lightly. signal, n.m,, signal.
signe, n.m., sign, mark, beck \ faire signe de la maiji, to beckon with
the hand.
Signiâer, v. tr., to signify, mean.
silence, n.m., silence, stillness.
silencieusement, adv., sik-mly.
silencieux, silencieuse, adj ,
silent, still. silhouette, n.f., silhouette, outli ne.
sillon, n.m., furrow, ridge.
simple, adj., simple, single, mère.
simplicité, n.f., simplicity.
simplifier, v. tr., to simplify.
sincérité, n.f., sincerity.
singe, n.m., ape, monkey, babooii.
singulier, singulière, adj . ,
singular, peculiar.
singulièrement, adv.,singularly,
peculiarly.
sinistre, adj., sinister.unlucky, sad,
dark looking, ominous.
sire, n.m., sire (title given to kings
and emperors in addressing them).
Sirop, n.m., syrup.
sitôt, adv., so soon, as soon.
situer, v. tr. , to place.
six, num, adj., six.
sœur, n.f., sister.
soie, n.f., silk.
soif, n.f., thirst ; avoir soif, to be thirsty.
soigneusement, adv., carefuUy.
soin, n m., care, attendance on ; pi., attentions ; avoir soin de, to take care to.
soir, n. m. , evening, night.
soirée, n f., evening, evening party.
soit, 3 sing. près. subj. oi être.
soit, conj., either, or; soit que [yi\\h subjunctive), whether.
soixante, num. adj., sixty ; soixante-dix, seventy.
sol, n.m., soil, ground.
soldat, n.m., soldier.
soleil, n.m., Sun.
solennel, solennelle, adj.,
solemn.
solide, adj., solid, strong, fîrm, good, perfect.
solitude, n.f., solitude.
somme, n.f.,sum, amount.
somme, n.m., nap, sleep.
sommeil, n.m., sleep, sleepiness , avoir sommeil, to be sleepy.
sommeiller, v. intr., to slumber, doze.
sommes, i plu. près, indic. of ctre.
son, n.m., bran; Sound.
son, sa, ses, poss. adj., his, hers, its, one's {sofi is used for tbe/^/«.
insttad of sa when the word following begins with a vowel or a silent h).
songe, n.m., dream.
songer, v. intr. ir. (^ becomes ^-g before aoxo'm conjugation), to dream
VOCABULARV.
muse, think ; songer h quelque chose,
to think of anything.
BOnner, v. tr. andintr., to sound,
ring, strike (of clocks), blow (of
trumpet), toU (of bells).
sonnette, n.f, little bell; serpent
à sonnettes, rattle-snake.
sonore, adj., sonorous.
sont,. 3 pi. près, indic. of être.
sort, n.m. , fate, destiny, lot, fortune. sorte, n.f., sort, kind, species, man-
ner, way ; de la sorte, thus, so, in
that manner, in that way ; de toute
sorte, de toutes sortes, of every kind,
of ail kinds.
sortie, n.f., going out, departure.
sortir, v. intr. ir. (sortant, sorti, je
sors, je sortirai, que je sorte), to go
out, corne out, get out ; sortir de
table, to leave the table.
sot, sotte, adj., stupid, silly, fool-
ish.
sottise, n.f., silliness, folly, non-
sense.
SOU, n.m., sou, halfpenny.
souci, n.f., care, anxiety.
soucier (se), v. r., to care, niind,
be anxious ; il ne s'' en soucie guère,
he cares little for it.
soudain, adj., sudden, unexpected.
SOUflQe, n.m., breath.
souffler, V. tr. and intr., to blow.
soufflet, n.m., beliows.
souffrance, n.f., suffering, suffer-
ance.
souffrir, v. tr.ir. (souffrant, souffert,
je souffre, je souffris, je souffrirai,
que je souffre), to suffer, bear, un-
dergo, endure.
souhait, n.m., wish, désire ; à souhait, according to one's désire, as
one would hâve it, splendid, mag-
nificent.
soûl, adj., drunk, tipsy.
soulever, v. tr. ir. (stem e becomes è when the vowel of the following syllable is e mute), to raise, lift, heave up, lift up, stirup ; se soulever, to raise one's self, rise.
soulier, n.m., shoe.
soupçon, n.m., suspicion, surmise, conjecture.
soupçonner, v. tr,, to suspect, surmise.
soupçonneux, soupçonneuse, adj., suspicions, inclined to suspect others.
soupe, n.f., soup.
souper, n.m., supper.
soupirer, v. intr., to sigh.
souple, adj,, supple, pliant, flexible.
souplesse, n.f., suppleness, flexibility ; toïirs de souplesse, cunuing iricks.
source, n.f., source, spring, fountain-head.
sourd, adj., duU, hoUow (of sound).
sourd-muet, n. m. , deaf and dumb person, deaf-mute.
souriant, adj., smiling.
sourire, v. intr. ir. (souriant, souri, je souris, je souris, je sourirai, que je sourie), to smile, be agreeable, please ; sourire à quelqti'un, to smile upon any one.
sourire, or souris, n.m., smile.
sourit, 3 sing. près, indic. or past def oï sourire.
souris, n.f., mouse,
sous, prep., under, beneath.
sous-officier, n.m., non-commissioned officer.
soutenir, v. tr. ir. (soutenant, soutenu, je soutiens, je soutins, je soutiendrai, que je soutienne), to support, bear, bear up.
iSo
PRÈNCH READER.
soutien, n.m., support, maintenance.
souvenance, n.f., remembrance, recollection.
souvenir, n.ni., remembrance, recollection, memory.
souvenir (se), v. réf. ir. (se souvenant, s'être souvenu, je me souviens, je me souvins, je me souviendrai, que je me souvienne), toremember ; impersonally il me souvient, I remember,
souvent, adv., often, oftentimes, frequently, many times.
souverain, adj. and n., sovereign, suprême.
souviens-toi, 2 sing. imperat. of se souvenir.
soyez, 2 pi. imperat. and subj. oiètre.
spectacle, n.m., play, spectacle.
spectateur, adj. and n., spectator, looker on, by-stander.
spirale, n.f,, spiral; en spirale, spirally, like a corkscrew.
spirituel, spirituelle, adj., wit-
ty, ingenious, intelligent.
statue, n.f., statue,
strophe, n.f:, strophe, stanza.
stupéfait, adj., astonished.
stupéfier, v. tr. , to stupify, astonish.
stupeur, n.f., stupor.
style, n.m., style.
SU, p. part, oï savoir.
subir, V. tr., toundergo, suffer.
subit, adj. , sudden.
subitement, adv., suddenly,
subsister, v. intr., to subsist, live.
SUC, n.m., juice.
succès, n.m., success.
sucre, n.m., sugar.
SUfi&re, V. intr. ir., (suffisant, suffi, je suffis, je suffis, je suffirai, que je suffise), to suffice, be enough.
suis, I sing. près, indic. of être.
Suisse (la), n. pr. f., âwitzerland.
suite, n.f., rest, retinue, séries, succession ; toîit de suite, immediately, at once, suivant, prep. , according to.
suivant, adj., next, foUowing, suc-
ceeding.
suivre, v. tr. ir., (suivant, suivi, je suis, jesuivis, jesuivrai,quejesuive), to follow ; suivre des yeux, to look after, watch.
sujet, n.m., subject.
superbe, adj., proud, superb, lofty,
splendid, gorgeous.
suppliant, adj. andn., suppliant,
supplicating.
supplice, n.m., punishment, torture, exécution.
supporter, v. tr., to support, endure, tolerate.
supposition, n.f., supposition.
suprême, adj., suprême.
sur, prep., upon, on.
sûr, adj., sure, certain; bien sûr,
certainly, for certain, sûreté, n f., safety, surety, security.
surprendre, v. tr. ir. (surprenant, surpris, je surprends, je surpris, je surprendrai, que je surprenne), to surprise, catch.
surprise, n.f. , surprise, amazement.
sursaut, n.m., start.
surtout, adv., above ail, especially.
survenir, v. intr. ir. (survenant, survenu, je surviens, je surviens, je surviendrai, que je survienne), to come on, come up unexpectedly.
survint, 3 sing. past def. of st^r-
venir.
suspendre, v. tr. ir, (3 sing. près, indic. il suspend), to suspend, hang; suspendu, p. part. ; se suspendre, to suspend one's self, hang one's self.
igi
sut, 3 sing. past def. of savoir.
sylphe, n.m., sylphide, n.f.,
sylph.
Syrie (la), n. pr. f., Syria.
table, n.f., table.
tableau, n.ni., picture ; tableau
noir, black-board.
tache, n.f., spot, stain, blot.
tâche, n.f., task, job.
tacher, v. tr. , to stain, spot.
tâcher, v. intr., to try, endeavour,
strive.
taille, n.f., eut, size, height, stature,
shape, waist, body.
tailler, v, tr. , to eut, eut out, earve. taire, v. tr. ir., (taisant, tû, je tais,
je tus, je tairai, que je taise), to
silenee ; se taire, to be silent, hold
one's tongue; veux-tu bien te taire/,
vvill you hold your tongue !.
talonner, v. tr. , to be close at the
heels of, press, urge. talus, n.m., slope.
tambour, n.m., drum.
tandis que, conj., whilst, while.
tant, adv. (Takes de before the fol-
lovving noun) ; so much, so many, as
much, so, so long, as far, as long ;
tant . . . que, as well, ... as, both
. . . and ; tant que, as long as, as
much as.
tantôt, adv., presently, by and by,
soon, sometimes ; tantôt . .
tantôt, now . . . now, at one
time . . , at another time.
tapage, n.m., noise, uproar, row,
racket.
taper, v. tr. and intr., to strike,
hit.
tapis, n.m., carpet ; tapestry, hang-
ings.
tapisser, v. tr., to hang with tapestry, deck, adorn.
tard, adj. and adv., late ; tôt ou tard, sooner or later ; plus tard, later.
tarder, v. intr., to delay, stay, be long, be slow.
tardif, tardive, adj., tardy, late, backvvard,
tas, n.m., heap, pile.
tasse, n.f., cup.
te, t', pron., thee, to thee, you, to you.
tel, telle, adj., such, like, similar.
Télémaque,n.pr. m., Telemachus.
tellement, adv., so, in sueh a nianner.
téméraire, adj. and n., rash, rash person.
témoigner, v. tr., to testify, show.
tempête, n.f., tempest, storm.
temps, n.m., time, weather ; daJis le temps que, whilst ; en même temps, at the sanie time ; de temps en temps, from time to time, now and then.
tendre, adj., tender, fond, aftectionate, loving.
tendre, v. tr. ir. (3 sing. près, indic. il tend), to stretch, hold out.
tendrement, adv., tenderly, affcctionately.
tendresse, n.f., tenderness, love, fondness, affection.
tenir, v. tr. and intr. ir. (tenant tenu, je tiens, je tins, je tiendrai, que je tienne, que je tinsse), to hâve, hold, insist on, set store by, attach importance to, be contained in, find room in, hold out ; tenez f, tiens/, see hère !, look ; tenir au courant, to keep informed ; // ?ie tient qu'à, lui, it dépends on him alone ; se tenir, to hold one's self, remain, be, stand.
tente, n.f., tent, pavillon.
tenter, v.tr., to attempt, try, tenipt.
tenu, p. part, oi tenir.
tenue, n.f., attitude, dress, carriage, bearing, appearance (of troops) ; grande tenue, full dress (milit.) ; tenue de bal, bail costume; mauvaise tenue, unsoldierly appearance.
terme, n. m., tennination, end, liniit.
terminer, v. tr., to terminale, end, finish.
terne, adj., tarnished, duU (of colours).
terre, n.f., eanh, land, ground ; travailler à la terre, to work on the land ; far terre, on the ground.
terreur, n.f., terror.
terreux, terreuse, adj., earthy,
duU (of colours).
terrible, adj., terrible, awful, terrine, n.f., earthen dish.
tête, n.f., head, top ; en tête de, at tho
top of, in front of.
thaler, n.m., dollar (German coin).
théâtre, n.m., théâtre, stage.
Tibre, n. pr. m., Tiber.
tient, 3 sing. près, indic. oï tenir.
tige, n.f.,trunk, stem, body, stalk.
tilleul, n. m. , linden- tree, lime-tree. timbre, n.m., bell.
timide, adj., timid, bashful, shy.
timidement, adv., timidly.
tinrent, 3 plur. past def. of tenir.
tiraillement, n.m. , plucking, puii-
ing, twitching ; tiraillement d' estomac, pain in the stomach;
tirelire, n.f. , money-box.
tirer, v. tr. and intr., to draw, pull, pull out, collect, fire, shoot ; se tirer, to get along, manage ; se tirer d'affaire, to get out of a diflficulty ; s'en tirer, to manage it.
tiroir, n.m., drawer.
tisane, n.f., diet-drink, drink.
toc, interj., a rap, a knock.
toi, pron., thee, thyself, thou, you,
yourself.
toilette, n.f., toilet, dress.
toison, n.f.,fîeece.
toit, n.m., roof, top.
toiture, n.m., roofing, roof, tomber, v. intr., to fall, fall down,
tumble, drop, sink down, become ;
laisser tomber, to let fall, drop ; toin- ■ ber de sommeil, to drop down asleep,
be overcome with sleep.
ton, m., ta, f., tes, pi. poss. adj.,
thy, your. [Ton is used for the fem.
before a vowel or silent h.) ton, n.m., tone, voice, accent, tonne, n.f., tun, barrel, cask.
torpeur, n.f., torpor, torpidity.
torrent, n.m., torrent, stream.
tort, n.m., wrong, harm, injury,
hurt ; faire tort à, to wrong, harni.
tôt, adv., soon, shortly ; trop tôt, too
soon ; tôt ou tard, sooner or later ;
plus tôt, sooner.
total, adj., total, whole, utter.
total, n.m,, total.
touchant, adj., touching, tender,
affecting.
toucher, v. tr. and intr., to touch ;
toucher à, to be near.
touÔU, adj. , tufted, bushy.
toujours, adv., always, for ever,
ever, ail the time, still, at least ; tou-
Jours est-il qtie, still, the fact is that. tour, n.f., tower.
tour, n.m., turn, trick, feat \jotier un
tour, to play a trick ; fermer à double tour, to lock securely ; tour à tour, by furns, in turn.
tourbillon. n.m,, whirlwind, Whirlpool, eddy.
tourbillonner, v. intr., to eddy, whirl,
tourelle, n.f., turret.
tournée, n.f., circuit, round, journey.
tourner, v. tr., to tum, turn round ; se tourner^ to txim one's self, turn about.
tournoi, n.m., tonmament.
tournoyer, v. intr. ir. (jbecomes i before e mute), to turn round and round, wheel round.
tousser, v. intr., to cough.
tout, adj., ail, whole, each, any, every ;. tout le monde, everybody ; tous les jours, every day ; pas du tout, not at ail ; tons deux, both ; tout ce que, ail that.
tout, adv. , wholly, entirely, quite ; tout -à coup, suddenly ; tout cC un coup, ail on a sudden ; tout h f heure, just now ; tout à fait, completely, altogether, quite.
trace, n.f., trace, track, step, footstep, print, mark; sur les traces, in the footsteps.
tracer, v. tr, ir. [c becomes c before a ox 0 va conjugation), to draw, trace, sketch.
traduire, v. tr. ir., (traduisant, traduit, je traduis, je traduisis, je traduirai, que je traduise), to translate, interpret, e.xpress ; se trachdre, to be interpreted, be expressed, be mani ■ fested.
trahir, v. tr., to betray.
trahison, n.f., treachery.
train, n.m., train, noise, ' racket ' ; en train de, engaged in, busy at ; train de derrière, hind-quarters.
traîner, v. tr., to draw, drag.
traire, v. tr. ir. détective (trayant, trait, je trais, je trayais, no past
def., je trairai, que je traie, no
impf. subj.), to milk ; se laissant
traire, allowingherself to bemilked.
trait, n.m., arrow, feature.
tralala, n.m. (fam.), grand display.
tranchant, n.m., edge.
tranche, n.f., slice.
tranquille, adj., quiet, calm, still,
tranquil, casy (in mind).
tranquillement, adv., tranquilly,
quietly, peaceably, calmly.
transformer, v. tr , to transform ;
se transformer, to transform one's
self.
transir, v. tr. , to cliill.
transport, n.m., transport, ecstacy, outburst.
transporter, v. tr., to convey,
transfer.
tra.vail, travaux, n.m., labour,
work, working.
travailler, v.intr,, to labour, work.
travailleur, n.m., workman, labourer.
travers, n.m., breadth ; à travers, athwart, through, across ; au travers de, through.
traverser, v. tr., to cross, go or
pass over, travel over, traverse, traversin, n.m., bolster.
tremblant, adj., trembling, quak-
ing, shivering, quivering.
trembler, v. intr., to tremble,
qui ver, quake.
trente, num. adj., thirty.
très, adv., very, most, very much.
trésor, n.m., treasure, treasury.
tressaillement, n.m., start, thriil,
qui ver.
tressaillir, v. intr. ir. (tressaillant, tressailli, je tressaille, je tressaillis, je tressaillirai, que je tressaille), te start, give a start.
trêve, n.f., truce.
tricolore, adj., tricoloured.
tricorne, n m., three-comered hat.
tringle, n.f., rod.
triomphal, adj., triumphal.
triomphe, n.m., triumph.
triste, adj., sorrowful, sad, melancholy, dull, dark.
tristement, adv., sadly, sorrowfuUy.
tristesse, n.f. , sadness, melancholy.
trois, num. adj , three.
troisième, num. adj., third,
trompe, n.f., hom, trumpet.
tromper, v. tr., to deceive, cheat, delude, beguile ; se tromper, to be mistaken ; il ti'y a pas à se tromper, there is no mistake about it; se laisser tromper, to allow one's self to be deceived, be capable of being deceived.
trompette, trumpet.
tronçon, n.m., broken pièce, fragment, stump.
trône, n.m., throne.
trop, adv., too much, too many, too.
trophée, n.m., trophy.
trottoir, n.m., foot-path, foot-way, side-walk.
trou, n.m., hole.
troubadour, n.m., troubadour.
trouble, adj., thick, muddy, dull, dim, confused.
troubler, v. tr., to trouble, make muddy, disturb, agitate, perplex, disconcert, interrupt.ruffle, discompose ; se troubler, to grow muddy, be confused, be disconcerted, become agitated.
trouer, v. tr., to bore, perforate, make a hole in.
troupe, n.f., troop, band ; pi, troops.
troupeau, n.m., flock, herd.
trouvaille, n.f., thing found by chance, godsend, windfall, find.
trouver, v. tr., to find, meet, light on, like ; comment le trouvez-vous ?, how do you like it ? ; aller trouver^ to go to ; tout trouvé, right to hand ; se trouver, to find one's self, be, feel, feel one's sdf, happen, chance to be.
trouvère, trouvère, name of old poets of the North of France.
truite, n.f., trout.
tu, pors. pron., thou, you.
tuer, V. tr., to kill ; se tuer, to kill one's self.
tuile, n.f., tile.
tuilerie, n.f., tile-fîelds ; /^j Tuileries (name of a palace in Paris).
tunique, n.f., tunic.
tuyauter, v. tr., to flûte, frill.
tyrannie, n.f., tyranny.
uhlan, n.m., German lancer.
un, num. adj. and pron., one; l'un, r autre, one, the other ; les uns, some ; les autres,others ; un à un, one by one ; l'un ou Vautre, either, the one or the other; Itm et Vautre, both; ni l'un ni Vautre, nehher the one nor the other, neither.
un, indef. art., a, an, any.
uni, p. part., united, smooth, even, level.
union, n.f. , union, agreement, harmony.
unique, adj., only, sole, single, unique.
unir, V. tr., to unité, join, combine.
univers, n.m., uni verse.
universel, adj., universal.
urgent, adj., urgent, pressing.
US&sr^i n-m., use, tisage ; à l'usage
de, for the use of.
user, V. tr. and intr., to use, wear
out, use up, spend, wear away ; user
to make use of, employ.
ustensile, n f., utensil usurpateur, n.m., usurper.
usurpation, n.f., usurpation.
va, 3 sing. près, indic. and 2 sing.
imperat. of aller.
Vagrabond, n.m., vagabond, vagrant, wanderer.
vague, n.f., wave, billow, surge.
vague, adj., vague, indeterminate.
vaillant, adj., brave, courageous ; n'avoir pas un sou vaillant^ not to hâve a ' red cent'; tout ce que j avais vaillant, with ail the money I had.
vain, adj., vain, fruitless. ineflfectual; en vain, vainly, in vain, to no purpose.
vaincre, v. tr. ir. (vainquant, vaincu, je vaincs, je vanquis, je vaincrai, que je vainque), to conquer.
vaincu, p. part, used as n., conquered, vanquished.
vaisseau, n.m., vessel, ship.
vais, I sing. près, indic. 6f aller.
vaisselier, n.m., place for holding dishes, cupboard.
valencien, adj., Valencian.
vallée, n.f., valley, vale
vallon, n.m., dale.
valoir, v. intr. ir. (valant, valu, je vaux, je valus, je vaudrai, que je vaille), to be worth, be good, be of use; il ne vaut pas la peine de, it is not worth the while, the trouble of ; valoir mieux, to be better.
valve, n.f,, valve.
vanité, n.f., vanity, nothingness.
vanneur, n.m., winnower.
vai)eur, n.f., vapour, steam, exhalation.
vaquer, v. intr., to attend, dévote one's self.
varier, v. tr., to vary, diversify ; varié, p. part, varied.
vase, n.m., vase, vessel, dish.
vassal, vassaux, n.m., vassaf.
vaste, adj., vast, great, extensive.
vaut, 3 sing. près, indic. of valoir.
vautrer (se), v.r., to wallow.
veille, n.f., watch, eve, day before
veillée, n.f., sitting up.
veiller, v. intr., to watch. sit up.
velouté, n.m., velveting, 'velvetiness,' appearance of newness.
vendre, v. tr. and intr. ir. (3 sing.
près, indic. il vend), to sell.
vengeance, n.f., vengeance, re venge,
venger, v. tr. ir. (^o^becomes^^ before a 0x0 in conjugation),to avenge, take revenge for; se venger, to revenge one's self, avenge one's self, be revenged.
vengeur, n. and adj., avenger, avenging.
venir, v. intr. ir. (venant, venu, je viens, je vins, je viendrai, q e je vienne, que je vinsse), to come ; // vint se jeter, he came and threw himself ; vint heurter, came and knocked ; viens te coucher, come and lie down ; la nuit venue, as soon as night has come ; vetiir audevant de, to come to meet ; // vient de partir, he has just gone ; // vient à passer, he happens to pass by ; il vient de passer, he has just gone by.
vent, n.m., wind.
Vôntre. n.m., belly, stomach.
venu, p. part, oi venir.
verge, n.f., rod.
verger, n.m., orchard.
véritable, adj., tme, genuine, real.
vérité, n.f.,truth.
vermeil, vermeille, adj., ver-
milion, ruddy, red, rosy.
verre, n.m., glass.
verras, 2 sing. fut. of voir.
vers, n,m., verse; pi., verses, poe-
try.
vers, prep. , towards.
vert, adj., green.
vêtement, n.m., garment ; pi.,
clothes, raiment.
vêtir, V. tr, ir. (vêtant, vêtu, je vêts,
je vêtis, je vêtirai, que je vête, que
je vêtisse), to clothe.
vêtu, p. part., dressed, clothed, clad.
veuve, n.f., widow.
veux, I and 2 sing. près, indic. of
vouloir, viande, n.f., méat.
vibration, n.f., vibration.
victoire, n.f., victory ; remporter la
victoire, to gain the victory.
victorieux, victorieuse, adj.,
victorious, triumphant.
vide, adj., empty, vacant.
vide, n.m., void, vacuum, emptiness,
empty space.
vider, v. tr., to empty.
"fie, n.f. , life, living ; il passe sa vie
à, he spends his life in ; gagner sa
vie, to get one's living ; à la vie, à
la mort, in life and death.
vieillard, n.m., old man.
vieille, adj. fem. of vieux, vieillesse, n.f., old âge.
viendra, 3 sing. {yiX.Jai venir.
vieux, vieil, adj. m., vieille, f.,
pld, aged.
vif, vive, adj., quick, lively, brîsk,
sprightly.
vigne, n.f., vine, vineyard.
vigoureux, vigoureuse, adj..
vigorous, strong.
vilain, adj., ugly, vile, nasty, wicked. village, n.m., village.
villageois, n.m. and f. , villager.
ville, n.f., tov/n, city.
vingt, num. adj., tWenty.
vint, 3 sing. past def. of venir.
viole, n.f., viol.
violemment, adv., violently.
violence, n.f., violence, force.
violent, adj., violent. violer, v.tr., to viola te, break, in-
fringe, transgress.
violet, adj., violet-coloured.
violette, n.f., violet, visage, n.m., face, visage, coun-
tenance ; faire bon visage, to look
pleasantly.
vis-à-vis (de), prep., opposite,
over-against.
visite, n.f., visit, visiting.
vit, 3 sing. past def. of voir.
vite, adj., swift, quick, fleet, speedy,
rapid.
vite, adv., quick, quickly, speedily,
fast.
vitre, n.f., window-glass, pane oi
glass.
vivant, adj., living.
vivement, adv., quickly, briskly,
sharply, eagerly.
vivre, v. intr, ir. (vivant, vécu, je
vis, je vécus, je vivrai, que je vive),
to live ; vive /, long live !, hurrah
for! ; vive la France 1, France for
ever.
vœu, n.m., vow, prayer, wish.
voici, prep. , see hère, behold, hère
is, hère are, this is, thèse are ; mt
VOCABULARV.
voici, hère I air. ; le voilà, there
hé is.
voie, n.f. , way, road, track.
voilà, prep., see there, behold, thaï
is, those are, there is, thereare, hère
is ; le voilà, there he is, hère he is ;
nous voilà, there we are ; voilà qui,
that's what ; voilà ce que c^est, that's
how it is ; voilà où, that is where ;
en voilà une, that's one.
voile, n.f., sail, ship.
voir, V. tr. ir. (voyant, vu, je vois, je
vis, je verrai, que je voie), to see ;
faire voir à, to show ; voyons !
corne ! ; se voir, to see one's self. vois, I sing. près, indic. of voir.
voisin, adj,, neighbouring, border-
ing, adjacent, next.
voisin, n:m.»and f., neighbour.
voisinage, n.m., neighbourhood ;
service de voisinage, a neighbourly
service.
voiture, n.f., carriage, conveyance,
vehicle.
voix, n.f., voice; h demi-voix, in a
low voi.e. vol, n.m., flying, fiight ; prends ton
vol, fly away.
volée, n.f., fiight, flock, voler, V. intr., to fly, hasten.
voler, V. tr. , to steal, rob.
voleur, n.m., thief, robber ; au
voleur /, stop thief !
volonté, n.f,, will.
volontiers, adv., wiUingly,readily.
volume, n.m., volume, vont, 3 pi. près, indic. oï aller.
votre, poss. adj. m. or f., VOS,
pi., your.
vôtre (le), poss. pron. m., la
vôtre, f., les vôtres, pi m. or
f., yours.
vouloir, V. tr. and intr. ir. (voulant, voulu, je veux, je voulus, je voudrai, que je veuille), to will, be willir.g, wish, insist ; je voudrais, or je voudrais bien, I wish, I should like ; ne vouloir plus de, to wish to hâve nothing more to do with ; en vouloir à, to hâve a grudge agaifist, be angry with.
VOUS, pers. pron., you, ye ; c'est à vous, it is yours.
voûte, n. f., vault, arch.
voyage, n.m., journey, travel, trip; voyage sur mer, sea-voyage.
voyager, v. intr. ir. [g becomes i^e before a or c in conjugation), to travel.
voyageur, n.m., traveller.
voyant, près. part, of voir.
voyez, 2 pi. près, indic. of voir.
vrai, adj., true, real, genuine ; îi estce pas vrai f, pas vrai ?, is it not so ?
vraiment, adv., tmly, indeed.
vraisemblable, adj., likely, probable.
VU, p. part, of voir.
vue, n.f., sight, view.
y, adv., there, thither ; used idiomatically in il y a, ' there is ' or ' there are.'
y, pron., by it, by them, for it, for them, in it, in them, at it, at them, to him, to her, to it, to them.
yeux, n. m. pi., eyes ( plur. of
œil).
zébré, adj. , striped.
zéphyr, n.m., zéphyr.
Page Line.
"i. ï-6 — Fable I pic.-,cals bouie iiiiertisling exainples oi" liie u^e of the Imperfect and Past Definite tenses. The diffeijncea between them are chiefly subjective, dependinj^ less on the nature and time of • the action than on the standpoint of the relator. If an action is 'iewed as progressing, without référence te its beginning or completion, the Imperfect is used ; if viewed as complète, whether the period of action be long or short, remote or near, the Past Definite is used.
The force of tiie Imperfect can often be inuicated in English by
iranslating it by the Progressive form,. thus : traversait (1, t. ), 'was
Crossing,' portait {\. 3.), ' was carrying.'
4- Verbs of depriving, such as arracher, voler, ôtèr, etc.. geneiàily le-
quire the indirect object to indicate the person deprived,robbcd, etc.
6 — du monde. This is parallel to the ordinary construction with the
superlative: la plu ^ belle chose dti movde, 'the finpst thing in the
world.'
,, — à regagner, ' in regaining.' The lnfiniti\ein -/>/>^ns often usedto
translate such constructions, 9- raisin bas often a collective force, as hère. 12 - ConPtruej/ with atteindre. Beginners in French composition should
not imitate the word order hère.
,,— dit-il. An interjected explanatory remark referring to a quotation regularly assumes the interrogative word order.
