V. recip., verb recip- Tocal

a, 3rd sing. près. ind. of avoir; il y a, there Is, are; t7 y a deux ans, two years ago; il y avait, there was, were; il y aura, there will be; (see avoir) .

à, prep., at, to, in, with, for, by, froni, into.

s'abaisser, v. refl., to lower one's self.

abandon, m., despair, abandonment, désertion.

abandonner, v.a., to désert, forsake; to lay aside.

abattement, m., déjection, weakness.

abbesse, f., abbess; rue des Abhesses, name of a littla Street in the poorer district of Montmartre, in Paris.

abécédaire, m., primer, spell-

ing-book.

aboiement, m., barking,

bark.

abord, m., approach, arrivai;

d'abord, at flrst, at the

outset.

aboyer, v. n., to bark.

abreuver, v. a., to fill, water,

soak.

abri, m., shelter.

abrité, -e, adj., sheltered.

absence, f., absence.

absolu, -e (b pr. as p), adj.,

absolute, complète.

absolument (b pr. as p),

adv., completely, absolute-

ly.

Académie française, founded by Richelieu in 163 4, consists of forty members, chosen usually for their

eminence in literary work.

accent, m., accent, tone, voice.

s'accentuer, v. refl., to become more marked; to increase; (see aller).

accès, m., fit, attack,

accidenté, -e, adj., broken, undulating, hilly.

s'acclimater, v. refl., to become acclimatized.

accompagner, v. a., to accompany, go with.

accorder, v. a., to grant, concède.

accourir, v. n., (like courir), to run or hasten up; corne in haste.

accourut, 3rd sing. past def.

of accourir.

accueillir, v. a., (like cueillir), to welcorae, receive.

s'acheminer, v. refl., to take one's way, set out.

acheter, v. a., to buy, purchase.

achever, v.a., to finish; s'achever, to be finished.

acrobate, m., acrobat.

acteur, m., actor.

action, f., action.

activité, f., activity, life.

addition, f., bill, account.

adieu, m., parting, farewell, good-bye; regard d'adieu, parting glanée.

adjurer, v. a., to beseech, adjure.

administrateur, m., manager.

admirable, adj., admirable,

grand, admirer, v. a., to admire.

admis, -e, adj., and past

part., admitted.

admission, f., admittance.

s'adosser, v. refl., to lean

one's back.

adresse, f., address, skill,

craft, dexterity.

s'adresser, v. refl., to address one's self, apply; to

be addressed.

adroitement, adv., skilfully,

cleverly.

adversaire, m., adversary,

opponent.

aiTaire, f., thing, affair, mat-

ter; homme d^ affaires, business man.

affamé, -e, adj., famished,

hungry.

affection, f., affection.

affiche, f., notice, placard.

afficher, v. a,, to post up.

affreux, -se, adj., frightful,

dreadful.

afin de, prep., in order to

(takes infin. mood).

afin que, conj., in order that

(takes subj. mood).

agaçant, -e, adj., irritating,

annoying.

âge, m., âge, time; jeune âge,

youth.

agir, V. n., to act, operate,

work; s'agir de, to be the

matter, to be in question;

il s'agissait du petite it was

about our little boy, lad.

agitation, f., excitement, agi-

tation.

agiter, v. a., to put in motion, shake, move.

agrandir, v. a., to enlarge.

ah! interj., ah! hah! oh!

aide, f., aid.

aider, v. a., to aid, help, assist.

aie, Ist sing. près, subj., and 2nd sing. imper, of avoir.

aïeul, m., (pi. aïeux), ancestor, forefather.

aïeule, f., ancestress.

aigu, aiguë, adj., sharp, keen.

aile, f., wing.

ailleurs, adv., elsewhere.

aimer, v. a., to love, be fond of, like; s'aimer, to love one another; aimer mieux, to prefer.

ainsi, adv., thus, so, in that manner.

air, m., air, look; tune; d'un air, with an air; en l'air, in the air, lifted up; à l'air, in the air, exposed; d'un air tranquille, in a quiet manner; grand air, open air, space.

aise, f., ease, comfort.

aise, adj., glad, pleased.

aisé, -e, adj., easy,

ait, 3rd sing. près. subj. of avoir.

alerte, adj., quick, active, alert.

allécher, v. a., to entice, allure.

allée, f., alley, walk.

Allemagne, f., Germany.

allemand, -e, adj., German.

Allemand, m., a German.

aller, v. n., (allant, allé, je vais, j'allai, j'irai, que j'aille), to go; to be (health); s'en aller, to go away; allez-vous-en, go away; aller chercher, to go for, seek; aller trouver, to go to (a person) ; allait en s'acceniuant, kept on getting more marked; qui allait toujours, who kept on going; il ne va pas bien, he is not well; va pour Noiraud, let it be Noiraud; comment ça va-t-iU how are you? how goes it?

allié, -e, adj., allied.

allonger, v. a., to lengthen, stretch out; allonger up coup, to deal or give a blow; s'allonger, to stretch one's self out.

allons, Ist pi. imper, of aller (used as interj.). Corne!

Well! Corne now! Ail right! Courage!

allumer, v. a., to light, kindle; s'allumer, to become lighted.

allure, f., pace, gait.

alors, adv., then, at that time.

Alsace, f., Alsatia, a Rhine province, ceded to Germany in 1871; restored in

altitude, f., altitude, helght.

amadou, m., tinder, punk; babines d'amadou, ruddy

lips, (of animal).

s'amasser, v. refl., to gather

together.

ambition, f., ambition.

âme, f., soûl, spirit, heart.

amener, v. a., to bring, lead,

conduct.

aménité, f., affability, pleas-

antness, courtesy.

ami, m., friend; mon ami, my

good fellow.

amie, f., friend, beloved one,

sweetheart.

aminci, -e, adj., thin, ema-

ciated.

amirauté, f., admiralty; place

de l'Amirauté, Admiralty

Square.

amitié, f., friendship, kind-

ness.

amour, m. in sing., f. in pi.;

love, affection; un amour

de petite chèvre, a dear

little goat.

amoureux, m., lover.

amusant, -e, adj., funny,

amusing.

amuser, v. a., to amuse;

s'amuser, to amuse one's

self, to hâve a good time,

enjoy one's self.

amuseur, m., entertainer,

amuser.

an, m., year.

analyser, v. a., to analyse.

ancien, -ne, adj., old, former,

retired. ancien, m., ancient.

ancre, f., anchor.

âne, m., donkey, ass.

anecdote, f., anecdote.

ange, m., angel.

Angélus, m., a prayer in honour of the Incarnation.

The bell for the prayer Is rung three tinies a day, at morning, noon, and night.

anglais, -e, adj., English.

Anglais, -e, m. and f., Englishman, &:c.; des Anglais, some English people.

An;:jleterre, f., England.

animal, m., animal.

année, f., year.

annoncer, v. a., to announce, usher in; s'annoncer, to announce one's self.

antichambre, f., antechamber.

antique, adj., ancient.

anxieux, -se, adj., anxious, troubled.

août, m., August; (poetical) harvest.

s'apaiser, v. refl., to become appeased, pacified.

apercevoir, v. a., (like recevoir), to perceive, see; s 'apercevoir, to perceive, notice.

aplomb, m., coolness, impudence.

Apollo (or Apollon), m., Apollo, the god of poetry.

apparence, f., appearance.

apparition, f., appearance, publication.

appartement, m., lodgings,

apartment, suite of rooms.

appartenir, v. n. (like tenir),

to belong.

appeler, v. a., to call; s'appeler, to be called, named; il s'appelait Jean Bart, his name was Jean Bart.

appétit, in., appetite; de bon

appétit, heartily.

applaudir, v. a., to applaud.

applaudissement, m., ap-

plause.

appliquer, v. a., to apply; s'appliquer, to apply to one's self, set to work, take pains.

apporter, v. a., to brlng,

carry to.

apprendre, v. a., (like prenârc), to learn, find out, teach.

apprenti, m., apprentice.

s'apprêter, v. refl., to get

ready, prépare.

appris, past part, of apprendre.

approcher, v. a., to bring near, approach ; s 'approcher de, to approach, corne up, draw near.

appuyer, v. a., to press, lean.

après, adv., after, after-

wards.

après, prep., after.

aquilon, m., north wind

(poetlc Word).

Arabe, m., Arab.

arbalète, f., cross-bow.

arbre, m., tree.

archet, m., bow (violin).

ardent, -e, adj., ardent,

earnest, passionate.

argent, m., money, silver.

arme, f., weapon; aux armes!

to arms!

armée, f., army.

armer, v. a., to arm, equip, fortify; s'armer, to fortify one's self.

arracher, v. a., to pull out,

extract.

arranger, v. a., (like manger)

to arrange, fix. arrêter, v. a., to stop, detain, arrest, check; s'arrêter, to stop, pause, stand still; du monde arrêté, people standing.

arrière, m., back part; en

arrière, backwards.

arrivée, f., arrivai.

arriver, v. n., to arrive, to come to, attain, to get there; to happen, come to pass, occur; « chaque fois qu 'il arrivait, every time he appeared.

art, m., art.

art'culé, -e, adj., jointed, with arms and legs that would move.

artiste, m., artist, player.

artistique, adj., artistic.

arti.stiquement, adv., artlsti-

cally.

ascension, T., ascent, ascension.

assaillir, v. a., to assail, at-

tack.

asseoir, v. a., {asseyant, assis^

j 'assieds, j -assis, j 'assiéra i, que j'asseye), to seat, set; s'asseoir, to sit down.

assez, adv., enough, sufflciently, rather, tolerably, pretty, quite.

assiette, f., plate.

assis, past part, of asseoir, seated.

assistance, f., audience, spectators.

assistant, m., bystander, spectator.

.issistei", v.a., to be présent, witness.

assommer, v. a., to beat to death, knock down.

s'assoupir, v. refl., to doze away

assuré, -e, adj., assured.

astracan, m., astrakhan (a kind of fur).

attacher, v. a., to fix, fasten, tie up; to bind.

attaque, f., attack.

attaquer, v. a., to attack.

atteindre, v. a., (like craindre), to reach.

atteint, past part., of atteindre, struck, pierced.

attelage, m., team (of horses) .

attendre, v. a. and n., to wait for, await, wait.

attente, f., waiting; salle d'attente, waiting-room.

attentif, -ve, adj., attentive.

attention, f., attention, care; faire attention, to pay attention.

attirail, m., apparatus, gear,

paraphernalia.

attirer, v. a., to attract,

draw.

attitude, f., attitude.

attraper, v. a., to catch.

au, contraction of à + le.

aube, f., the dawn, (poetic

Word), aubépine, f., hawthorn.

auberge, f., inn.

aucun, -e, adj., none, not

any, (used with ne).

aucun, -e, indef. pron., no

one, nobody (used with

ne).

au-dessous, adv., below, be-

neath; au-dessous de, un-

der, underneath.

au-dessus, adv., above, over-

liead; au-dessus de, above.

audience, f., audience, interview, augmenter, v. a., to increase.

aujourd'hui, adv., to-day.

auparavant, adv., before,

heretofore.

auprès de, prep., near, close.

auquel, contraction of à +

lequel.

aurai, Ist sing. fut. ind. of

avoir.

aurais, Ist sing. cond. of

avoir.

aussi, adv., also, too, like.

aussitôt, adv., immsdiately,

directly.

autant, adv., as much, as

many; d'autant plus, the

more so, ail the more

since; autant de perdu, so much lost.

auteur, m., author.

autour de, prep., around, about.

autre, adj., other; hien autre chose, something quite différent; notis autres Français, we Frenchmen.

autre, pron., other, another; les autres, the others, other people, d'autres, others; l'un et l'autre, both.

autrefois, adv., formerly, of former times, of old, of olden times.

autrement, adv., otherwise, differently.

aux, contraction for à + les.

avait, 3rd sing., imperf. ind.

of avoir.

avance, f., advance; par avance, early, bef orehand ; in anticipation.

avancer, v. a., to advance, put forward; s'avancer, to advance, go forward.

avant, prep., before (time and order) ; la tête en avant, head-foremost; en ava7\t, forward.

avantage, m., advantage.

avant-coureur, m., forerunner, messenger.

avant que, conj., before (takes subj. mood).

avare, m., miser.

avarice, f., avarice.

avec, prep., with; avec le temps qu'il fait, in such

weather as this.

avenir, m., future.

aventure, f., adventure.

s'aventurer, v. refl., to venture.

avertir, v. a., to warn.

aveuglément, adv., blindly.

avide, adj., eager, greedy.

avidement, adv., eagerly.

avidité, f., greediness, eagerness.

avisé, -e, adj., prudent.

avocat, m., advocate, lawyer.

avoir, v. a. {ayant, eu, j'ai, feus, f aurai, que j'aie), to hâve, get, be the matter with; j'ai à faire, I hâve something to do; i7 y a, there is, are; il n'y avait pas trois semaines encore, not quite three weeks ago; à qui j'en avais, with whom I was angry or quarreliug; qu'est-ce qu'il y a encore, what is it this time? avoir soif, to be thirsty; avoir chaud, to be warm, hot; avoir quelque chose, to hâve something the matter; avoir lieu, to take place; avoir besoin, to need, hâve need; t7 y agirait, there would be.

avril, m., April.

ayant, près, part of avoir.

babine, f., lip (of animai); babines d'amadou, ruddy lips.

Babylone, f., capital of An-

cient Chaldea.

bah! interj., bah! pshaw!

baiser, m., kiss; gros baiser,

hearty kiss.

baisser, v. a., to lower, let down; se baisser, to stoop, bend down.

balancer, v. a., to balance, swing; se balancer, to sway, rock.

balayer, v. a., to sweep.

balbutier, v. n., to stammer.

balle, f., bullet, bail.

ballon, m., balloon, football.

ballotter, v. a., to toss.

balourdise, f., blunder.

banc, m., bench, seat.

banlieue, f., suburbs, out-

skirts.

banquet, m., banquet.

barbare, adj., barbarous,

cruel.

barbiche, f., tufted beard,

goatee.

barreau, m., bar; membre du

barreau, barrister.

barrer, v. a., to stop, bar,

shut, block.

barrette, f., cap.

Bart, Jean, famous French seaman, born at Dunkirk, 1651; died, 1702.

bas, basse, adj., low, gentle; tout bas, very softly, quietly; en bas, down, down below; rire tout bas, to laugh to oneself.

bataille, f., battle.

bataillon, m., battalion,

squadron.

bateau, m., boat.

bâtiment, m., building, édifice, vessel, ship.

bâtir, V. a., to build, make.

bâton, m., stroke (in learning to Write); stick; cane.

batterie, f., battery.

battre, v. a., to beat, throb, strike; se battre avec, to fight with; battre le briquet, to strike a light; battre des mains, to clap one's hands.

bavard, -e, adj., talkative, loquacious.

Bayard, (1473-1524), a noted French captain in the wars of Charles VIII, Louis XI and Francis I.

His bravery, generosity and loyalty won for him the glorious name, "le chevalier sans peur et sans reproche."

beau, bel, m., belle, f., handsome, fine, beautiful; au beau milieu, in the very midst.

beaucoup, adv., much, many, a great many, a great deal, very many (followed by de if used with nouns or pronouns).

beauté, f., beauty.

bec, m., beak, bill (pr. c) .

bel, see beau.

bénir, v. a., to bless, favour.

bercer, v. a., to lull to rest;

PIIGH SCnOOL FRENCH READER

se bercer, to be lulled, deluded. "*

Berlin, m., Berlin, capital of Germany.

Berrichon, m., native of Berry, former province of France.

besoin, m., need, occasion, want; avoir besoin de, to need, hâve need of, be in need of, require.

bête, f., beast, animal, créature; fool, blockhead.

bête, adj., silly, stupid, foolish.

bien, adv., well, right, indeed, of course, properly, very; bieii de, much, plenty, many; être bien, to be comfortable, happy, well off; bien des jours, many days; j'ai bien le temps, I hâve plenty of time; bien plus, much more.

bien, m., good, benefit; proproperty; les biens, wealth, kindness.

bien que, conj.. although, though; (takes subj.

mood).

bientôt, adv., soon, shortly.

bienvenu, -e, adj., welcome.

bille, f., marble (to play with).

billet, m., note, letter, bill.

bique, f., goat, nanny-goat; il m'a mangé des biques, he has eaten goats of mine.

bise, f., the cold season, v/inter (properly, the north

wind).

bizarre, adj., odd, strange,

singular.

blanc, blanche, adj., white.

blanc, m., (the) white.

Blanquette, f., "Whitey." blême, adj., pale, pallid, wan.

blessé, m., wounded soldier.

blesser, v. a., to wound, hurt,

offend.

blessure, f., wound.

bleu, -e, adj., blue.

blond, -e, adj., fair, blond, bloquer, v. a., to blockade.

Boche,m., Boche, a nickname , given a German.

bœuf, m., ox (/ pr. in sing.,

silent in pi.).

boire, v. a. and n. (buvant,

bu, je bois, je bus, que je

boive, to drink.

bois, m., wood, forest; sous

bots, under the trees; Bot*

de Houlogne, large park in

the west of Paris.

boiserie, f., wainscoting.

boîte, f., box.

bon, bonne, adj., good, kind,

hearty; il fait bon, it Is

comfortable; sentir bon, to

smell sweet.

bond, m., bound, leap,

spring.

bonlieur, m., happiness, good

fortune, good luck.

bonhomme, m., good, easy-

golng man; honest fellow;

son petit bonhomme de chemin, his little jog-trot.

bonjour, m., good-morning.

good-day.

bonnet, m., cap.

bonté, f., goodness, kind-

ness; hojitê divine! good

gracious!

bord, m., edge, side, brim,

bank, shore; mangé aux

lords, thumbed, dog-eared.

borgne, adj., blind (in one

eye).

bouc, m., he-goat (pr. c), bouche, f., mouth; touche de

tire-lire, the slit in a toy

bank.

boucher, v. a., to stop, close

up; en se bouchant les oreilles, putting our hands

over our ears, stopping

our ears.

boue, f., mud, dirt.

bouillh-, V. V.. (hoiiillant,

bouilli, je bous, je bouillis,

que je bouille), to boil.

bouger, v. a., to stir, move.

bouillonnement, m., bub-

bling, boiling.

boulevard, m., boulevard,

(wide Street bordered by

trees).

bouleverser, v. a., to upset,

overthrow, agitate.

bourrer, v. a., to fill, stuff,

load.

bourse, f., purse.

bout, m., end, tip, back( of

room).

bout, 3rd sing. près. ind. of

àouillir) .

boutique, f., shop (rarely used except of a little

shop).

boutonner, v. a., to button.

boutonnière, f., button-hole.

branche, f., branch, bough.

bras, m., arm.

brave, adj., brave; (before some nouns) good, honest, worthy.

bravo! m., interj., well done!

bravo!

bravoure, f., bravery, courage.

Brébant, narae of a famous

restaurant in Paris.

brèche-dent, m., a persoa

with front teeth missing.

brigand, m., brigand, robber.

brillant, -e, adj., brilllant,

sparkling, bright.

brin, m., blade, shoot, bit.

briquet, m., steel (for striking a light) ; battre le briquet, to strike a light with flint and steel.

brisé, -e, adj., shattered,

maimed.

briser, v. a., to break, to

shatter.

broder, v. a., to embroider.

brouillard, m., mîst, fog.

brouter, v. a., to browse.

bruit, ni., noise, sound, famé, rustling; faire du bruit, to make a noise, attract attention, make famous.

brûlant, -e, adj., burning,

searching, hot.

brûler, v. a., to burn.

brume, f., mist, fog.

brun, -e, adj., brown-

brunette, f. (dim. of Iran), a girl with a dark complexion, brunette.

brusquement, adv., suddenly, gruffly, hastily.

brutalement, adv., rudely.

Bruxelles, f., Brussels, capital of Belgium.

bruyère, f., heather.

bu, past part, of 'boire.

bûcher, m., funeral pile, stake.

buissière, f., underbrush, bush, thlcket.

buisson, bush, thicket.

but, m., object, aim, end, goal; arriver à son tut, to attain one's object.

c', contraction of ce.

ça, pron. (contraction of

cela), that, çà, adv., hère, hither; or çà,

corne now!

c'a été, for ça or ce a été.

cabinet, m., study, cabinet,

private room. cachemire, f., cashmere.

cacher, v. a., to hide, con-

ceal.

cadavre, m., corpse, dead

body.

café, m., coffee; restaurant.

calcul, m., ciphering, arith-

metic.

calice, f., challce, cup; calyx.

calme, m., (pr. l) stillness,

calm, tranqulllity.

cabner, v. a., to calin, pacify.

quiet; 6e calmer, to become quiet (pr. l).

calotte, f., skull-cap, cap.

camarade, m. or f., comrade, fellow.

cambrer, v. a., to arch; la poitrine cambrée, with his chest thrust forward.

campagnard, m., countryman.

campagne, f., country, flelds; campaign.

campanule, f., bell-flower, campanula.

canadien, -ne, adj., Canadian.

caniche, m., poodie.

canton, m., district, canton.

cap, m., head (obsolète except in tie pied en cap, f rom head to foot; p. is pr.).

capitaine, m., captain.

capitale, f., capital.

caporal, m., corporal.

capiteux, -se, adj., heady, intoxicating.

captif, m., captive.

capucin, m., Capuchin (order of monks).

car, conj., for, because, as.

caractère, m., character, disposition, temper.

caramba! a Spanish interjection.

caressant, -e, adj., caressing, affectionate.

caresse, f., caress.

caresser, v. a., to caress, fondle.

carré, m., square; carré long,

rectangle. carte, f., card, bill.

carton, m., pasteboard, card-

board.

cas, m , case.

cascade, f., waterfall.

cassé, -e, adj., worn-out;

broken; shaking, quiver-

ing.

casser, v. a., to break, crack.

cathédrale, f., cathedral.

cause, f., cause; à cause de,

because of, on account of.

causer, v. a., to cause, occasion; talk, chat.

causeur, -se, talkative, lo-

quacious.

ce, dem. pron., that; he, she,

it, they; c'est, it is; c'étaii,

it was (see ce qui).

ce, cet, m., cette, f., ces, pi.,

dem. adj., this, that, thèse,

those.

ceci, dem. pron., this.

cela, dem. pron., that; powr

cela, as far as that is con-

cerned.

célébrer, v. a., to celebrate,

sing the praises of.

celui, m. s., celle, f. s., ceux,

m. pi., celles, f. pi., dem.

pron., he, him, that, she,

her, the one; they, them,

those; celui-ci, this one,

the latter; celui-là, that

one, the former.

cent, adj. a hundred.

centaine, f., a hundred,

about a hundred.

cependant, adv., however,

nevertheless, yet.

ce qui (subject), ce que (object, that which, which, what; pour ce qui est de l'intelligence, as far as Intelligence is concerned.

cercle, m., circle.

cercueil, m., coffin, (flg.) grave.

certain, -e, adj., certain.

certainement, adv., certainly, surely.

certes, adv., certainly, surely.

cesse, f., end; sans cesse, incessantly, continually.

cesser, v. n., to cease, stop.

c'est-à-dire, that is to say.

cet, cette, see ce.

ceux, see celui.

chacun, -e, pron., every one, each one, each.

chaîne, f., chain.

chaire, f., desk (teacher's).

chaise, f., chair.

chalet, m., cottage (Swiss).

chaleur, f., beat, warmth.

chambre, f., room, chamber.

Chambertin, a prime red wine.

champ, m., fleld; les Champs Elysées, a public garden in Paris just west of the Place de la Concorde. Hère are many places of amusement, such as Gui{jnol (Punch and Judy), &c.

changer, v. a. and n., to [ change; changer de direc-

niGH SCHOOL FRENCH READER

tio7i, to change one's direction.

chanson, f., song, singing.

chansonnier, m., song-writer.

chant, m , song, singing, crowing (of a cock).

chanter, v. a., to sing.

chapeau, m., hat.

chaque, adj., each, every.

charger, v. a., to charge, entrust; to load, weigh down; se charger de, to undertake.

Charles V^II., King of France, 1422-1461. Roused by the patriotism of Joan of Arc, he succeeded in freeing France from the English who retained only Calais.

charmant, -e, adj., charming, delightful.

charme, m., charm, attraction.

charpente, f., frame-work, structurée of timber).

chasse, f., hunt, chase.

chas.ser, v. a., to hunt, drive out.

chasseur, m., hunter.

châtaigne, f., chestnut.

châtaignier, m., chestnuttree.

château, m., castle.

chaud, -e, adj., hot, warm.

chaud, m., heat, warmth; avoir chaud, to be hot, warm.

Chaudron, m., Kettle.

chaume, m., thatch; .<«yus mon chaume, in my thatched

cottage..

chaumine, f., thatched cottage, cot.

chausses, f. pi., breeches.

chef, m., chief; chef de gare, station-master; chef d'escadre, rear-admiral (pr./.)

chemin, m., way, road; chemin de fer, railroad ; chemin faisant, on the way.

cheminée, f., fireplace, chimney, mantel-piece.

cheminer, v. n., to plod along, make one's way.

chêne, m., oak.

Chénier, André, famous French poet born at Constantinople in 1762; perished by the gnillotine in 1794, as a resuit of his éloquent protests against the excesses of the Reign of Terror.

cher, chère, adj., dear, beloved.

chercher, v. a., to seek, look for, search; look to see; to inquire; to consider.

chéri, -e, adj., beloved, cherished, precious.

cheval, m., horse.

cheveu, m., hair; les cheveux, hair (of the head).

chèvre, f., goat.

chevrette, f., little goat.

chez, prep., at, at the house, at the house of, among.

chien, m., dog.

chiffre, m., figure, cipher.

chinois, -e, adj., Chinese (see

ombre).

chœur, m., chorus.

choisir, v. a., to choose, pick

out, sélect; décor choisi,

artistic décorations or f it-

tings.

chose, f., thinç, matter, af-

fair; hien autre chose, some-

thing very différent.

chroniqueur, m., chronicler,

story-writer.

chute, f., fall, tumble.

-ci, see ce and celui.

ciel, m., skx, heaven, Para-

dise; pi., ciettx, skies, heav-

ens, climes.

cigale, f., grasshopper, ci-

cada.

cigare, m., cigar.

cinq, adj., five.

circuler, v. n., to move

about.

cirer, v. a., to polish (shoes).

cirque, m., amphithéâtre, cir-

cus.

citer, V. a., to quote, mention.

citoyen, m., citizen.

clair, -e, adj., clean, bright,

clear.

clairement, adv., clearly.

claironnant, -e, adj., Clarion, classe, f., class, school,

schoolroom; faire la classe,

to teach, instruct.

clef, f. (silent f), key.

clerc, m., (c silent), clerk.

climat, m., climate, clime.

clin d'œil, m., wink, twink-

ling.

clochette, f., little bell.

clos, m., field, meadow.

clown, m., clown; toy-c^own.

cocher, m., coachman, d*'iver.

cœur, m., heart; le cœur gros,

with a heavy heart; de ion

cœur, heartily; bien des

cœurs, many heavts.

se coiflfer, v. refl , to plat e on

one's head, wear.

coin, m., corner, nook, colère, f., anger, fury.

collet, m., collar (of a coat,

colonie, f., colony.

colonne, f., column. (See

Vendôme), combat, m., fight, struggle,

combat.

combattre, v.a., to fight, do

battie.

combien, adv., how, how

much? how many?

combler, v.a., to fill up.

comédie, f., comedy.

comédien, m., player, com-

edian.

commandature, f., headquar-

ters (military).

commandement, m., com-

mand.

comme, adv., like, as, as if,

as it were; as in the case

of ; comme une façon, a sort

of way; comme il faut, as

it should be, exactly right.

commencement, m., begin-

ning.

commencer, v. a., to begin.

commence.

comment, adv., how; how?

In what way? why? -vrherefore? what! indeed!

commerçant, m., merchant, business man, trader.

commerce, m., trade, business, commerce.

communal, -e, adj., belong- Ing to the parish or commune jécole communale, public school.

communication, f., communication.

compagne, f., companion, wife, partner.

compagnie, f., company.

compagnon, m., comrade, companion; compagnon de route, travelling companion.

comparer, v. a., to compare.

compatissant, -e, adj., compassionate.

Compiègne, a French city, famous in hîstory.

compliment, m., compliment, congratulations.

compliqué, -e, adj., complicated, confused.

composer, v. a., to compose.

compréhensible, adj., compréhensible.

comprendre, v. a., (like prendre), to understand.

compris, past part, of comprendre.

compromettre, v. a., (like mettre) to compromise.

compter, v. a. and n., to count, reckon; intend, think.

comptoir, m., counter, mr

conception, f., conception.

concorde, f., peace: plnre de la Concorde thb most imposing public square in Paris and famcas for the historical sceres enacted there. It is on the north bank of the Seine. In the centre is the Obelisk of Luxor, brought from Egypt in 183 6. To the north is the Chur»h of la Madeleine, to the east the Gardeu of the Tuileries, to the south the Pont de la Concorde, and to the west the Champs Elysées.

condamné, m., convict, condemned man.

condamne^, v. a., to condemn, convict.

conduire, v. a. {conduisant, conduit, je conduis, je conduisis, que je conduise), to conduct, lead, guide, accompany, drive.

confiance, f., confidence, trust.

confier, v. a., to entrust.

congé, m., holiday; donner congé à, to give a holiday to.

congédier, v. a., to dismiss, send away.

conjurer, v. a., to implore* to conspire, band together.

connaître, v. a., (connaissant, connu, je connais, je connus, que je connaisse), to know.

to be aequainted with.

consciencieux, -se, adj., conscientious.

conseJllei-, v. a., to advise, counsel.

consentir, v. n., (like dormir), to consent, agrée.

considérable, adj., considérable, great.

consigne, f., order, orders (military).

consister, v. n., to consist.

se consoler, v. refl., to console, solace one's self (de) with, for.

consterner, v. a., to dismaj', astound.

conte, m., story, taie.

contempler, v. a., to gaze at, view, survey.

contemporain, -e, adj., contemporaneous.

content, -e, adj., content, pleased. satlsfied, happy.

continuer, v. a., and n., to continue, keep on, go on.

contraire, adj., contrary; au contraire, on the contrary.

contre, prep, against, from.

contredire, v. a., (like dire), to contradict; sans contredit, unquestionably.

convaincre, v. a., (convainquant, convaincu, je convaincs, je convainquis, que je convainque) to convince.

convaincu, -e, adj., convinced, satisfied.

convenir, v. n., (like vtni/r) to agrée, suit, be fltting.

conversation, f., conversation.

convier, v. a., to invite.

convive, m., giiest.

convoi, m., convoy.

coq, m., cock.

coquin, -e, m. and f., rogue, rascal.

corbeau, m., crow; M. du cordeau (particle de used flatteringly, as if he were of noble birth). My lord crow.

corde, f., rope, cord.

corne, f., horn; coup de corne, blow with the horns, butting.

corps, m., body.

corsaire, m., privateer, corsair.

cortège, m„ parade, procession.

costume, m., costume, dress.

costumer, v. a., to dress, costume.

côte, f., hill; à mi-côte, halfway up the hill.

côté, m., side, way; à côté de, beside; regard de côté, side-glance; du côté de, in the direction of; de son côté, on his part; in hls direction ; mettre de côté, to put aside, discard.

côtelette, f., cutlet, chop.

cou, m., neck.

couché, -e, adj., lying down, laid.

coucher, v. a. and n., to lay, lay down, lie; se coucher,

to lie down, go to bed; set (of the Sun).

coudre, v. a. (cousant, cousu, je couds, je cousis, que je couse), to sew, stitch; cousu de paillons, bedecked with spangles.

couler, V. n., to flow, run; slip.

couleur, f., colour.

coup, m., blow, shock, stroke; shot; du coup, at once, thereupon; coup de poing, blow with the fist; coup de pied, kick, stamp; donner des coups de corne, to butt, give blows with the horns; coup de dent, bite; tout à coup, suddenly; tout d'un coup, ail at once; d'un seul coup, at a single stroke, ail at once.

coupable, adj., guilty, at fault.

couper, V. a., to eut, eut oft.

couple, f., couple.

cour, f., court, yard; faire la cour à, to pay court to.

courage, m., courage, spirit.

courageusement, adv., bravely, courageously.

courber, v. a., tq bend.

courir, v. n. (courant, couru, je cours, je courus, je courrai, que je coure), to run, hasten; courir les nids, to go bird's-nesting.

couronner, v. a., to crown.

course, f., course, tour, walk; faire ses courses, to make

one'3 rounds; prendre sa

course, to take one's way.

court, -e, adj., short, brief;

de trop court, too short,

too tightly.

courtisan, m., courtier.

couru, past part, of courir.

cousu, past part, of coudre.

couteau, m., knife.

coûter, V. n., to cost; coûter

cher, to be expensive; coîite

que coûte, at any cost.

coutume, f., custom habit;

avoir la coutume de, to be

in the habit of.

couvert, past part, of couvrir.

couA'ert, m., cover; place set

at table with knife, fork,

etc.

couverture, f., counterpane,

coverlet, bedclothes.

couvrir, v. a. (like ouvrir),

to cover.

craie, f., chalk. craindre, v. a. (craignant,

craint, je crains, je craignis,

que jt cruignr) . to fear,

dread, be afraid of.

crainte, f., fear, dread.

se cramponner, v. refl., to

cling to, hold fast to.

crâne, m., top of the head,

cranium, head, skull.

cravate, f., necktie, neck-

cloth.

crépuscule, m., dawn, twi-

light.

creuser, v. a., to dig, hollow

out.

crève-cœur, m., heart-break.

sorrow.

crever, v. a., to burst; faire crever, to kill, murder.

cri, m., shout, cry.

crier, v. a., to crj', cry out, scream, shout.

croc, m., hook {c silent).

croc-en- jambe, m., trip; donner un croc-en-jambe d, to trip up.

croire, v. a. and n. {croyant, cru, je crois, je crus, que je croie), to believe, trust, think; se croire, to believe one's self.

croiser, v. a., to meet, corne across; croiser les mains, to clasp one's hands.

croix, f., cross.

croquer, v. a., to crunch, raunch.

croyant, près. part, of croire.

cru, past part, of croire.

cruel, -le, adj., cruel, pitiless.

crus, Ist sing. past def. of croire.

cueillir, v. a. (cueillant, cueilli, je cueille, je cueillis, je cueillerai, que je cueille), to gather, pluck.

culte, m., worship, dévotion, révérence.

cultiver, v. a., to cultivate.

cure-dent, m., toothpick.

curiosité, f., curiosity.

cytise, m., laburnum, beantrefoil, cytisus.

d'abord, adv., at first, at the outset.

d'ailleurs, adv., besides, moreover, on the other hand.

dame, f., lady, married lady.

danger, m., danger, péril.

dangereux, -se, adj., dangerous.

dans, prep.. In, into, out of, from, within.

danse, f., dance; entrer en danse, to begin to play.

danser, v. n., to dance.

date, f., date.

dater, v. a., to date.

de, prep., of, from, out of for, by, with, to, In, on, over; de plus en plus, more and more; de la voix sèche, with the dull voice; de se voir, on seeing one's self.

M. du corbeau, de hère used flatteringly, as if denoting noble birth (see corbeau).

débarbouiller, v. a., to wash (face) ; to clean.

débarrasser, v. a., to rid, free; se débarrasser, to rid, free one's self.

déborder, v. a., to overflow, run over.

debout, adv., standing, upright.

décharge, f., discharge, flr-

ing.

décider, v. a., to décide, détermine; se décider, to décide, résolve, make up one's mind.

décimer, v. a., to decimate.

eut up.

décisif, -ve, adj., décisive.

décision, f., détermination,

décision.

déclaration, f., déclaration.

déclarer, v. a., to déclare,

State.

décliner, v. a., to state in détail, to eniimerate.

décor, m., décoration, scenery; décor choisi, an artistic setting.

découper, v. a., to carve out,

eut out.

décourager, v. a., to discourage; se décourager, to become discouraged, to lose heart.

découvert, -e, adj., open, ex-

po»ed. découvrir, v. a., (like ouvrir) to discover; se découvrir, to remove one's hat.

dédaigneux, -se, adj., dis-

ful seornful.

dedans, adv., within, inslde, in It; là dedans, within it.

défaut, m., failing, fault, de-

feet.

défendre, v. a., to défend, protect, forbid; se défendre, to défend one's self.

défense, f., defence, protection.

défenseur, m., defender.

défier, v. a., to defy, challenge; je vous en défie bien, I defy you to do so.

défilé, m., procession.

déguisement, m., disguise.

déguster, v. a., to enjoy, enjoy the taste of; smack the lips over.

déjà, adv., already, before;

déjà! so soon!

déjeuner, m., breakfast.

delà, prep., beyond, farther

than; au delà de, beyond.

délicieux, -se, adj., delight-

ful, charming.

délire, m., delirium, raving.

délivrer, v. a., to deliver.

demain, to-morrow.

demande, f., request, de-

mand.

demander, v. a., to ask, beg, request; se demander, to wonder.

démarche, f., gait, step.

démenti, m., contradiction; il ne voulait pas en avoir le démenti, he was determined not to be beaten.

demeurer, v. n., to live, réside, remain, dwell.

demi, -e, adj., half.

demi-heure, f., half-hour.

demi-tasse, f., small cup.

dénoncer, v. a., (like avancer) to denounce, annul.

dent, f., tooth; croquer à belles dents, to munch heartily; coup de dent, bite.

dentelé, -e, adj., denticulat-

ed, notched (of leaves).

départ, m., departure.

se dépêcher, v. refl., to make haste, hurry up; ne te dépêche pas tant, do not be

\n such a hurry.

c^épens, m., expense, cost.

déplaire, v. n. (like plaire), to displease; ne vous déplaise (près, subj.), may it not displease you, with ail déférence to you.

déplorer, v. a., to déplore.

se déployer, v. refl., to deploy, spread out, to be bent.

dépourvu, -e, adj., destitute.

depuis, adv., since then.

depuis, prep., since, for, from; depuis longtemps, for a long time.

depuis que, conj., since.

dériver, v. n., to dérive, hâve orlgin.

dernier, -ère, adj., last, utmost, greatest.

déroute, f., rout, disorder; chausses en déroute, tattered breeches.

derrière, adv. and prep., behind ; train de derrière, hind-quarters, haunches.

des, contraction of de + les.

of the, from the; some; any.

dès, prep., since, from, as early as; dès longtemps, for a long time, long since; dès que, conj., as soon as, from the very moment that.

descendre, v. n., to alight, descend, corne or go down.

descente, f., descent, raid.

désert, -e, adj., désert, lone-

ly.

désespéré, -e, adj., despair-

ing, in despair.

désigner, v. a., to dénote, dis-

tinguish.

désir, m., désire.

désireux, -se, adj., desirous,

anxious.

désolé, -e, adj., grieved, dis-

tressed.

désormais, adv., henceforth.

dès que, conj., as soon as.

dessécher, v. a., to dry,

parch, wither.

dessin, m., drawing, sketch.

dessous, adv. and prep., un-

der, underneath, beneath.

dessus, adv. and prep.,

above, over, upon, on, on

it; là-dessus, thereupon.

destiner, v. a., to intend.

détachement, m., detach-

ment, small body of

troops.

détacher, v. a., to detach,

tear away, separate.

détail, m., détail.

détendre, v. a., to relax.

détour, m., turn, bend; sans

détours, without évasion.

deux, adj., two; tous deux,

both.

devant, adv. and prep., be-

fore, in front of, ahead,

forward; devant lui,

straight ahead; patte de

devant, front paw.

devenir, v. n. (like venir), to

become, grow,

développer, v. a., to develop.

deviner, v. a., to giiess.

devoir, m. duty; rendre leurs devoirs à, to pay their respects to.

devoir, v. a. {devant, dû, je dois, je dus, je devrai, que je doive), to owe, be obliged to, bave to, must, ought; il a dû se tromper, he must bave been mistaken.

dévorer, v. a., to devour.

dictionnaire, m., dictionary.

Dieu, m., God; mon Dieu!

bless me! dear me! goodness!

différence, f., différence.

difficile, adj., difiScult, hard.

digitale, f., foxglove.

digne, adj., dignified.

diligence, f., stage-coach.

dimanche, m., Sunday; le dimanche, on Sundays.

dîner, m., dinner.

dire, v. a., (disant, dit, je dis, je dis, que je dise), to say, tell, state, récite; se dire, to say to one's self; on dit, it is said; pour ainsi dire, so to speak; vouloir dire, to mean.

direction, f., direction, course.

se diriger, v. a., (Hke manger), to set out, make one's way.

discours, m., speecb.

disparaître, v. n. (like connaître), to vanisb, disap-

pear.

disparu, past part, of disparaître.

disposer, v. a., to arrange.

disposé, -e, adj., inclined, disposed.

distance, f., distance.

distinctement, adv., distinctly, clearly.

distribution, f., distribution.

dit, past part of dire.

dites, 2nd pi. près. ind. of dire.

divers, -e, adj., différent, versatile.

divin, -e, adj., divine.

dix, adj., ten.

dixième, adj., tentb.

dizaine, f., ten, about ten; une dizaine de minutes, about ten minutes.

docile, ad,i., tractable, docile.

docilement, adv., obediently.

docteur, m., doctor.

doigt, m., finger.

dois, Ist sing. près. ind. of devoir.

domestique, m. or f., servant.

dominer, v. a., to contre], dominate, rule.

Domrémy, village in Lorraine.

don, m., gif t.

donc, conj., therefore, pray, then, accordingly; comment donc, how on earth; l'OMS ne voyez donc pas, surely you don't see; (denotes surprise or Impatience).

donner, v. a., to give; se donner, to give each other.

dont, rel. pron., whose, of

which, of whom, for

whom, with which,

whence.

dorer, v. a., to gild, gild

over.

dormir, v. n. (dormant, je

dors, je dormis, que je

dorme), to sleep, be asleep.

dos, m., back.

double, adj., double.

doubler, v. a., to line

(clothes).

doucement, adv., gently, qui-

etly, patiently.

douceur, f., sweetness, gen-

tleness, peacefulness. douer, v. a., to endow.

douleur, f., grief, sorrow,

distress.

doute, m., doubt; sans doute,

no doubt, doubtless.

doux, douce, adj., sweet,

calm, gentle, kindly, soft.

douze, adj.. twelve.

dramatique, adj., dramatic.

dramaturge, m., dramatist.

drame, m., drama, play.

drap, m., cloth.

drapeau, m., flag, banner.

dressé, -e, adj., erect, point-

ed up.

droit, adv., straight, straight-

way.

droit, -e, adj., straight, right,

erect; à droite, at tlie right,

right side.

droit, m., right; être en droit

de, to be justified in, hâve

a right to.

droiture, f., lionesty, up-

rightness.

drolatique, adj., funny, ludi-

crous.

drôle, adj., comical, droll,

funny.

drôle, m., rogue, rascal.

du (contraction for de le),

of the, from the, by tlie,

some, any.

dû, due, past part, of devoir.

duel, m., duel.

Dunkerque, Dunkirk, a

French seaport on the

Straits of Dover.

duquel, contraction of de +■

lequel.

durer, v. n., to last, endure.

Duroc, (1772-1813) French

gênerai and marshal of

the palace under the First

Empire. Killed at Baut-

zen.

E eau, f., water.

ébats, m., pi., frolics, gam-

bols.

écarquiller, v. a., to open

wide.

écart, m., sudden start.

s'écarter, v. refl., to stray,

wander off.

échapper, v. a. and n., to escape, get away; s'échapper,

escape.

éclabousser, to splash, splat-

ter.

éclair, m., flash.

éclat, m., outbui'st, crash; splendeur, brilliance; éclat de rire, burst or shout of laughter; rire aux éclats, laugh heartily.

éclater, v. n., to burst, to burst forth: éclater de rire, to burst out laughing.

école, f., school.

écolier, m., schoolboy, pupil.

écorcher, v. a., to flay, take the skin off, gall.

écouter, v. a., to listen to, hear.

écrasé, -e, adj., crushed, overwhelmed with grief.

s'écrier, v, refl., to cry out, exclaim.

écrire, v. a. (écrivant, écrit, j'écris, j'écrivis, que j'écrive), to write.

écriture, f., writing.

écrivain, m., writer, author.

écu, m., (coin) crown; écu à la rose, crown stamped with a rose design.

écueil, m., reef, rock.

écuelle, f., bowl, milk-pail.

écurie, f., stable

écuyer, m., horseman, rider.

éducation, f., training, éducation.

effet, m., effect; en effet, in reality, indeed, in fact.

effort, m., effort, endeavour; tenter un dernier effort, to make a final effort.

effrayer, v. a., to frighten; s'effrayer, to be frightened, afraid.

égal, -e, adj., equai.

également, adv., equally.

égaler, v. a., to equal.

égard, m., regard; à leur

égard, In regard to them.

égaré, -e, adj., wild, bewil-

dered, égayer, v. a., to enllven,

brighten, make cbeerful.

église, f., church.

égorger, v. a., to slaughter,

eut the throat of.

eh! interj., oh, ah! ch bien!

very well! well! well now!

s'élancer, v. refl., to rush,

dart, dash, bound for-

ward.

élégance, f., élégance élément, m., élément.

élever, v. a., to lift up, bring

up, raise; s'élever, to be

exalted, ascend.

éliminer, v. a., to elimfnate.

élève, m. and f., pupil.elle, pers. pron. f., she, her,

it; elle-même, herself.

éloge, m., praise, eulogy.

éloquence, f., éloquence.

éloquent, -e, adj., éloquent.

élu, -e, adj., elected.

Elysées, see champ.

embarras, m., embarrass-

ment, confusion.

embarrasser, V. a., to em-

barrass.

embrasser, v. a., to embrace,

kiss; s'embrasser, to embrace one another.

s'embrouiller, v. refl., to be-

come confused, puzzled.

embûche, f., snare.

émigi'or, to emigrate.

emmener, v. a., to take away, lead away.

émotion, f., émotion.

s'émouvoir, v. refl. (like mouvoir), to thrill, be agitated.

s'emparer (de), v. refl., to seize; to take possession of.

empêcher, v. a., to prevent, hinder.

empereur, m., emperor.

employer, v. a., to employ, use.

emporter, v. a., to carry away, carry off.

emprisonner, v. a., to imprison.

emprunter, v. a., to borrow.

emprunieuse, f., borrower.

ému, -e. past part, of émouvoir, moved with pity, or sympathy; emotional.

en. prep., in, into; while, when; like, as; of. to; en + près, part., iu. while, whilst, by; en avant! forward! en long et en large, up and down.

en, pronom, adv., of it, of them, some, uny; of him, of her, of it, by it, from it; j'en étais là, I had got that far; en rester là, to stop rlght there; enchanté, -e, adj., delight-

ed, delightful.

enchantement, m., enchant-

ment, magie.

enchanter, v. a., to delight, charm, enchant.

encore, conj., even, yet; encore que, even though.

encore, adv., yet, still, even,

again, once more, further,

besides; encore une fois,

nce more; encore un, an-

ther one.

encorné, -e, adj., having horns; autrement encornées que toi, with horns very diflierent from yours.

encourager, v. a., to encourage.

encre, f., ink.

s'endormir, v. refl., (like dormir), to fall asleep.

endroit, m., place, point, îocality, spot.

enfant, m., chîld; enfant trouvé, foundling.

enfariné, -e, adj., covered with flour, powdered.

enfermer, v. a., to shut in, lock up.

enfianuner, v. a., to inflame, inspire.

enfin, adv., finally, at last, after ail, you know, of course.

enfoncer, v. a., to thrust, insert, bury; s'enfoncer, to bury one's self.

engager, v. a., to urge, press.

enguirlander, v. a., to wreathe, encircle.

enjamber, v. a., to put one's

leg over; to bestride, to

get into.

ennemi, -e, adj., hostile, of

the enemy, ennemi, m., enemy, foe.

ennui, m., weaririess, ted-

iousness, worry, ennui;

l'en7iui de vivre, the weari-

ness of llfe.

ennuyer, v. a., tire, bore,

weary, annoy; s'ennuyer,

to grow weary, find It

tiresome.

ennuyeux, -se, adj., trouble-

some, annoying.

énoncer, v, a., to state, enun-

ciate.

énorme, adj., enormous,

huge.

enragé, -e, adj., mad, fur-

lous, enraged.

enroué, -e, adj., hoarse.

ensemble, adv., together, at

the same time.

ensuite, adv., afterwards,

next, then.

entendre, v. a., to hear, un-

derstand, mean to.

entendu, -e, adj., under-

stood, agreed upon; bien

entendti, of course.

entente, f., understanding.

entêtement, m., obstinacy,

stubbornness.

enthousiasme, m., enthusi-

asm.

entier, -ère, adj., en tire,

whole. entièrement, adv., entirely.

(à r)entour, in the neigh-

bourhood.

entraîner, v. a., to sweep,

carry away.

entraves, f. pi., fetters.

entre, prep., between, among,

in.

entrebâiller, v. a., to halfopen; to open. .a little.

entrée, f., entrance, beginning.

entrer, v. n., to enter, corne in, get in; entrer en ménage, to begin housekeeping.

s'entre-regarder, v. recip., to look or stare at one another.

entrevoir, v. a. (like voir)^ to catch a glimpse of, peep at.

envelopper, v. a., to inclose, wrap up, take In; s'envelopper, to wrap one's self up.

envie, f., désire, wish; avoir envie de, to bave a mind to, feel inclined to.

environner, v. a., to surround.

environs, m. pi., vicinity, neighbourhood.

envoi, m., sending.

envoyer, v. a. (.envoyant, envoyé, 3 'envoie, j 'envoyai, j'enverrai, que j'envoie), to send.

épaule, f., shoulder.

épaulette, f., epaulet, shoulder pièce.

épée, f., sword.

éphémère, adj., transitory, ephemeral, of short duration.

épeler, v. a., to spell.

époque, f., time, period,

epoch.

éprouver, v. a., to prove,

feel, expérience.

escadre, f., squadron, fleet;

chef d'escadre, rear-admir-

al.

esclavage, m., slavery.

esclave, m., slave; tomber

esclave, to fall into slavery.

Espagnol, m., Spaniard.

espèce, f., sort, kind.

espérance, f., hope. espoir, m., hope, expectation.

esprit, m., wit, intelligence,

spirit, mind, intellect; hel

esprit, a wit.

essayer, v. a., to try, attempt.

essentiellement, adv., exceed-

ingly, essentially.

essor, m., flight.

essouflaé, -e, adJ.. breathless,

out of breath.

est, 3rd sing. près. ind. of

être; est-ce que, is it that?

et, conj., and; et.. et, both. .

and.

étable, f., stable (for cows).

établir, v. a., to establish.

set up; s'établir, v. refl., to

take up a position, establish one's self.

était, 3rd sing. près. ind. of

être.

étaler, v. a., to spread.

étant, près. part, of être.

état, m., State, condition;

homme d'Etat, statesman.

été, m., summer.

été, past part, of être.

éteindre, (like craindre), to

extinguish, put out;

s'éteindre, to go out, dis-

appear.

étendard, m., standard, ban-

ner.

étendre, v. a., to stretch out;

s'étendre, to stretch one's

self out.

éternel, -le, adj., eternal,

ever-living.

étinceler, v. a., to sparkle,

glitter.

étiquette, f., étiquette.

s'étirer, v. refl., to stretch

one's self.

étoile, f., star.

étonnant, -e, adj., astonish-

ing, surprising.

étonner, v. a., to astonish,

amaze; s'étonner, to be as-

tonished, amazed, to won-

der.

étouffer, v. a., to choke,

stifle, suffocate.

étrange, adj., strange, queer.

étranger, m., foreigner, alien,

stranger.

être, m , being, créature, per-

son.

être, V. n. {étant, été, je suis,

je fus, je serai, que je sois),

to be; j'en étais là de mes

réflexions, I had gone thus

far in my reflections.

étreindre, v. a., (like craiji-

dre), to clasp, grip fast.

étroit, -e, adj., • narrow,

small.

étroitement, adv., narrowly,

closely.

étude, m., study.

eu, past part, of avoir.

eusse, Ist sing. Impf. subj. of

avoir; often used for

aurais.

eut, 3rd sing. past. def. of

avoir.

eût, 3rd sing. impf. subj. of

avoir; often used for aurait.

eux, pers. pron. disj. m. pi.,

they them; eux-mêmes, \

themselves. i

éveiller, v. a., to awaken,

arouse.

s'évanouir, v. refl., to faint,

swoon.

évidemment, adv., evidently.

éviter, v. a., to avoid.

exact, -e, adj., exact, punc-

tual, on time.

exactement, adv., punctually.

examiner, v. a., to examine,

inspect.

exaspéré, -e, adj., exasperat-

ed, incensed, enraged.

excellent, -e, adj., excellent,

splendid.

excepté, prep., except, except-

ing, but.

exciter, v. a., to excite, stir

up, arouse.

exclamation, f., exclamation, excursion, f., excursion.

excuse, f., excuse, apology

(excuse me).

excuser, v. a., to excuse; s^ex-

cuser, to excuse one's self,

apologise.

exécuter, v. a., to perform,

exécute.

exemplaire, m., copy.

exemple, m., example, case;

copy, copy-slip, headline;

par exemple, for example.

exercice, m., exercise; performance; faire l'exercice,

to drill (military).

exil, m., exile.

exiler, v. a., to exile.

expirer, v. n., to expire, die.

explication, f., explanation.

expliquer, v. a., to explain;

s 'expliquer de, explain one 's

self; render account of.

exploit, m., exploit, achieve-

ment, deed.

exposer, v. a., to expose;

s'exposer, to expose one's

self.

expression, f., expression,

sentiment.

exquis, -e, adj., exquisite.

extase, f., ecstasy, rapture.

ex-traordinaire, adj., unusual,

extraordinary.

F fable, f., fable.

façade, f., façade, front.

face, f., face, front; en face

de, opposite, in front of;

sous toutes les faces, in ail

its aspects.

fâcher, v. a., to vex, dis-

please; se fâcher, to be-

come angry, annoyed.

facile, adj., easy.

façon, f., fashion, way; manner; outline, sketch; de façon à ce que, in such a way or manner that; de la même façon, in the same way.

façonner, v. a., to shape, mould.

facteur, m., postman, lettercarrier.

faction, f., sentry; être de faction, to be on sentry, on guard; en faction, standing sentry.

fade, adj., insipid, tasteless, dull.

faible, adj., weak, feeble, faint.

faim, f., hunger; avoir faim, to be hungry.

faire, v. a. (faisant, fait, je fais, je fis, je ferai, que je fasse), to make, do, cause; to say, tell; impers, to be (of weather), faire mal, to hurt. Injure; il fait bon, it is comfortable; faire la sourde oreille, to turn a deaf ear, not to heed; faire volte-face, to wheel about; faire ses courses, to make one's rounds or visits; faire attention, to pay attention; faire du 'bruit, to cause excitement, attract attention; faire la cour à, to pay court or homage to; faire plaisir, to give pleasure; faire l'exercice, to

drill; faire la classe, to teach, instruct; faire des glissades, to go sliding; faire de la peine à, to cause sorrow, to pain; ça ne fait rien, that makes no différence; faire fête à, to welcome, bail with delight; faire peur, to frighten; faire l'éloge, to praise highly; que faire, what was to be done?

faire + verb.

faire faire, to get made, done; faire attendre, to keep waiting; faire.. prendre, to get. . to take; qui faisait rire et encore rire, who made (him) laugh again and again; faire comprendre, to make understand, explain; faire parvenir, to transmit; faire observer, to call attention to, bring to one's notice; faire sortir, to put out, eject; faire tomber, to knock over; faire voir, to show.

se faire, v. refl., to become; se faire à, to adapt one's self to, put up with; se faire faire, to get made for one's self; ça ne se faisait pas, that sort of thing was not done; il se faisait un tapage, a racket was going on ; se faire rare, to become scanty, scarce.

fait, m., fact, deed.

HIGH SCHOOL FRENCH RRiDER

falloir, V. impers, (fallu, il faut, il fallut, il faudra, qu 'il faille), to be necessary, be obligea, need; must, should, ought; qu'est-ce qu'il te faut, what do you lack; comme il faut, as it should be, exactly rlght, properly.

familier, -ère, adj., famlliar, intimate.

famille, f., family.

famine, f., famine, starvation.

fantaisie, f., fancy, notion, whim.

fardeau, m., burden, load.

fasse, Ist and 3rd sing. près, subj. of faire.

se fatiguer, v. refl., to tire one's self.

faucher, v. a., lo mow down.

se faufiler, v. refl., to creep in.

faudra, 3rd sing. fut. ind. of falloir.

faudrait, 3rd sing. condl. of falloir.

faut, 3rd sing. près. ind. of falloir.

faute, f., mistake, error, fault.

fautif, -ve, adj.. faulty, to blâme.

fécondité, f., fertility.

fécond, -e, adj., bountiful, fertile, fruitful.

feindre, v. a. (like craindre), to feign.

féliciter, v. a., to congratu-

late.

femme, f., woman, wife.

fenêtre, f., window.

fer, m., iron; chemin de fer,

railroad; en fer, made of

iron; fers, pi., chains, fet-

ters.

ferai, feras, fera, &c., fut.

ind. of faire. ferme, adj., firm, re.solute

fast.

fermer, v. a., to shut, close,

fasten.

féroce, adj., fierce, wild.

fête, f., holiday, festival;

faire fête d, to welcome,

bail with delight.

feu, m., fire, light; fen à

volonté, independent firing.

feuille, f., leaf.

feutre, m., felt.

ficelle, f., cord, string; the

rope to mark off the In-

closure containing the

scats for those who pay

to see Guignol.

fidèle, adj., faithful, trusty.

fidélité, f., fldellty.

fier, ère, adj., proud.

fièrement, adv., proudly.

fièvre, f., fever.

fifre, m., fife.

figure, f., face, figure, se figurer, v. refl., to imagine.

filature, f., spinning-factory,

spinning-mill.

fille, f., girl, maid, daughter.

fils, m., son {s pr., l silent).

fin, -e, adj., fine, délicate.

Cal, f., end, conclusion; à la

fr., at îast.

finalement, adv., finally.

finir, V. a., to finish, end;

finir par devenir, to become

at Iast, conclude by becom-

ing; c'est pii, it is ail over.

fis, Ist sing. past def. of

faire.

fixe, adj., flxed, steady; les

yeux fixes, with his eyes

gazing steadily.

fixer, V. a., to fix, fasten;

gaze steadily at.

fixité, f., fixity, earnestness.

flamme, f., flanie.

flanqué, -e, adj., flanked, sur-

rounded.

flatteur, -se, adj. and noun,

flattering; flatterer.

flèche, f., arrow.

fleur, f., flower.

fleuri, -e, adj., flowery, cov-

ered with flowers.

fleuve, m., river, (flowing

into the sea).

flot, m., wave, flood, billow.

flotte, f., fleet.

flotter, V. n., to float, wave.

foi, f., faith; ma foi! upon

my word! foi d'animal, on

the word of an animal.

fois, f., time (répétition),

vne fois, once; à la fois, at

one and the same time, at

once; encore vne fois, once

more.

folle, f., of fou, mad woman,

insane woman, madcap,

mad créature, ^ond, m., bottom, crown

(hat) ; au fond, at or to, the back.

fondre, v. a., to melt.

force, f., strength, force,

might; de toute ma force,

with ail my might.

force, adv., much, many =

beaucoup de.

forcer, v. a., to compel, force.

forêt, f., forest, forest-land.

forgeron, m., blacksmith.

former, v. a., to form.

formuler, v. a., to state, to

put into words.

fort, -e, adj., strong.

fort, adv., very, very much,

extremely; loudly.

fortune, f., fortune, good

luck. fou, fol, m., folle, f., mad,

foolish.

fou, m., madman.

fouiller, v. a., to search.

foule, f., crowd.

fourchette, f., fork.

fouetter, v. a., to whip, whip

up.

fourmi, f., ant.

fournir, v. a., to supply, fur-

nish.

fourré, -e, adj., furry, fur-

lined.

fourrure, f., pelt, coat (of

animal), fur.

se fourvoyer, v. refl., to

stray, wander.

fraîcheur, f., freshness, cool-

ness.

fraîchir, v. n., to freshen.

frais, fraîche, adj., cool.

fresh; il fait frais, it is

cool.

franc, m., franc — coin worth

about 19)/^ cents.

franc, franche, adj., frank,

honest. français, adj. and noun,

French, Frenchman.

France, f., France.

franchir, v. a., to cross, leap

over.

Prantz, m., Frank.

frapper, v. a., to knock,

strike, clap; frapper du

pied, to stanip one's foot.

fraternel, -le, adj., brotherly,

fraternal.

frayeur, f., fright, terror.

frégate, f., frigate.

frère, m., brother; friar.

friction, f., rubbing, friction.

friser, v. a., to curl, frizzle.

frisonner, v. n., to shudder,

shiver.

froid, -e, adj., cold.

froid, m., cold, coldness.

froidement, adv., coolly,

coldly.

frôler, v. a., to graze, touch

lightly.

fromage, m., cheese, a small

round cheese.

front, m., brow, forehead,

face.

frotter, v. a., to rub, wipe,

polish; se frotter, to be-

come rubbed.

fruit, m., fruit.

fuir, V. n., (fuyant, fui, je ' fuis, je fuis^ que je fuie), to

flee, run away, escape, fuite, t., flight.

fumée, f., smoke.

fumer, v. a. and n., to smoke.

funérailles, f. pi., funeral.

furent, 3rd pi. past def . of

être.

furieux, -se, adj., furious,

raging.

fusée, f., rocket, fusée.

fut, 3rd sing. past def. of

être,

fût, 3rd sing. imp. subj. of

être.

G gagner, v. a., to gain, win,

earn, reach; gagner la vie,

to make a living.

gai, -e, adj., gay, merry,

lively.

gaiement, adv., gaily, mer-

rily.

gaîté, f., merriment, mirth.

galop, m., (p silent) gallop.

gambade, f., caper, skip.

gambader, v. n., to frolic,

skip about.

gamin, m., urchin, young-

ster.

gaminer, v. a., to play,

frolic.

garçon, m., boy, bachelor,

waiter.

garde, f., guard, defence;

tomber en garde, to assume

the défensive; prendre

garde, to take care, look

out; faire honne garde, to

keep a good watch; en garde! Look out! On

guard:

garder, v. a., to keep.

gare, f., railway station.

garni, -e, adj., lined, full.

gauche, adj., left, left hand;

à (la main) gauche, at the

left.

gauchement, adv., awkward-

ly.

gaulois, -e, adj., Gallic.

gazon, m., turf, grass, greensward.

géant, -e, giant, immense.

geler, v. a. and n., to freeze.

gendarme, m., policeman.

gêner, v. a., to impede, restrain, be in the way of; se gêner, to put one's self to inconvenience, hesitate.

général, m., gênerai.

général, -e, adj., gênerai, universal.

genêt, m., bi'oom (plant).

génie, m., genius, spirit; engineers.

genou, m., knee.

genre, m., kind, sort.

gens, m. and f. pi., people.

gentil, -le, adj., pretty, nice.

gentiment, adv., gracefully, gently, prettily.

gerfaut, m., gyrfalcon.

geste, m., gesture.

gesticuler, v. a., to gesticulate.

gigantasque, adj., gigantic, * huge.

givre, m., rime, hoar-frost.

"Couche de glace qui s'attache aux arbres, aux buis-

sons," etc.

glacier, m., glacier.

glissade, f.. slide; faire des glissades, to go sliding on the ice.

glisser, v. a. and n., to slip, slide; se glisser, to creep, steal in.

gloire, f., glory, famé.

glorieux, -se, adj., glorious.

gondolier, m., gondolier, Venetian boatman.

gourde, f., flask.

gourmand, -e, m. and f., glutton, greedy créature.

gousset, m., vest pocket pocket.

goût, m., taste; de bon goûl in good taste.

goûter, V. a., to taste, enjoy.

gouttelette, f., little drop.

grâce, f., favour, grâce, pardon.

grade, m., rank.

grain, m., grain.

grammaire, f., granimar.

grand, -e, adj., great, large, high, lall, hearty; pas grand'chose, not very much (grand'' occurs with certain expressions — grand'mere, grand' peine, &c.)

Grande-Bretagne, f., Great Britain.

grandir, v. n., to grow, grow large, grow up.

gi'atitude, f., gratitude.

grave, adj., grave, serions, solemn.

graver, v. a., to engrave,

carve.

gravité, f., gravity, importance.

gravure, f., engraving.

grêle, adj., thin, slender.

grillage, m., grating, wirework; grillage aux affiches, notice-board (with a wire grating to protect the notices).

grimace, f., grimace, wry face.

grimper, v. a., to climb.

grincement, m., scratching (as of a pen on paper).

Gringoire Pierre, an impecunious poet and playwright who lived 1475 to 1538, and whom Victor Hugo bas introduced as one of the characters into bis romance, Notre Dame de Paris.

gris, -e, adj., gray.

grogner, v. n., to growl, snarl.

gronder, v. a., to scold, growl.

gros, -se, adj., large, big, great, bulky; le cœur gros, witb a beavy heart.

groupe, m., group.

guère, adv., ne. . guère, but little, scarcely, bardly.

guerre, f., war.

guerrier, m., warrlor, soldier.

guerrier, ière, adj., warlike.

guet-apens, m., ambuscade, trap.

guetter, v. a., to watch for.

guide, m., guide.

Guignol, m., The principal

character in the French

puppet play = Punch.

guilleret, -te, adj., lively,

Smart, frisky.

guise, f., manner, way, fan-

cy; à sa guise, at will, as

one likes.

H (h aspirate is Indicated thus

•h), habile, adj., élever, capable,

expert.

s'habiller, v. refl., to dress.

habit, m., garment, coat, ap-

parel; pi., clothes, costume.

habitant, m., inhabitant.

habiter, v. a., to inhabit, live

In.

habitude, f., habit, custom;

avoir l'habitude, to be In

the habit; d'habitude, usu-

ally, ordinarily.

habituel, -le, adj., custom-

ary, usual.

habituellement, adv., usual-

ly.

habituer, v. a., to accustom;

s'habituer, to accustom

one's self, get used to.

•hagard, -e, adj., wild, hag-

gard.

'haie, f., hedge, hedgerow.

'haïr, V. a., (ha'issant, haï, je

hais, je haïs, que je haïsse),

to hâte.

haleine, f., breath, wind.

•halte, f., hait, stop.

'hanneton, m., may-bug, cock-chafer.

'hardi, -e, adj., bold, daring.

'hardiment, adv., boldly.

'hasard, m., chance, accident; par hasard, perchance.

'hâte, f., haste; avoir hâte, to be in a hurry; en hâte, hastily.

'hausser, v. a., to raise, shrug.

'haut, -e, adj., high, tall; loud, lofty; erect; là-haut, up yonder, in heaven.

'haut, adv., loud.

'hauteur, f., height, loftiness.

Helvétie, f., (pr. ési) another name for la Suisse, Swltzerland.

Henri IV, (1553-1610) became King of France in 1589. One of the most popular of the French Kings on account of his bravery, generosity, and désire to amellorate the condition of his subjects.

herbe, f., herb, grass; fines herhes, small savoury herbs for seasonlng.

Hercule, m., Hercules; ses deux larges mains d'Hercule doux, his two broad hands like those of a kindly Hercules.

héritage, m., Inheritance.

héroïne, f., heroine.

'héros, m., hero.

hésitation, f., hésitation.

hésiter, v. n., to hesitate,

waver.

heure, f., hour, o'clock, time

of day; quart d'heure,

quarter of an hour; à

l'heure, on time; à la honne

heure! well and good! ail

right! tout à l'heure, a

little while ago, by and

by, presently.

heureusement, adv., fortu-

nately, luckily.

heureux, -se, adj., happy,

fortunate, blessed.

hier, adv., yesterday.

hirondelle, f., swallow.

histoire, f., story, taie; his-

tory.

historique, adj., historical.

hiver, m., winter.

'hocher, v, a., to shake, wag,

toss; hocher la tête, to

shake one's head.

homme, m., man.

honnête, adj., honest, up-

right, worthy.

honneur, m., honour; en

l'honneur de, in honour of.

honorable, adj., honourable,

worthy.

'honte, f., shame.

'honteux, -se, adj., ashamed.

'hop! interj., whoop! hur-

rah!

'horde, f., horde.

horizon, m., horizon.

horloge, f., clock.

hors de, prep., outside of.

hostilité, f., attack, hostility.

hôte, m., guest, tenant.

'houppelande, f., great-coat, overcoat.

'houblon, m., hop-vlne.

'houppette, f., little tuft,

'housard (or hussard), m., hussar.

'huit, adj., eight.

humain, -e, human.

humanitaire, adj., humanitarian.

humble, adj., humble, lowly.

humeur, f., humour, temper.

humide, adj., damp, wet.

humilier, v. a., to humiliate, take down.

'hurlement, m., howl, bowling.

hymen, m., marriage, union.

hypocrisie, f., hypocrisy.

ici, adv., hère; ici-bas, hère below, in this world.

idée, f.. idea, notion, fancy; idée fixe, obsession.

ignoble, adj., vile, shameful, ignoble.

ignorance, f., ignorance.

ignorant, -e, adj., ignorant.

ignorer, v. a., to be ignorant of, not to know.

il, pers. pron., he, it, there; il y a, there is, there are.

illusion, f., illusion, deluslon.

illustrer, v. a., to illustrate.

image, f., picture, image.

imaginer, v. a., to imagine; s'imaginer, to fancy, imagine, figure to one's self.

imbécile, fool, dunce.

imbécile, ra., stupid fool.

imbécilité, f., stupidity.

immédiatement, adv., imme-

diately.

immense, adj., Immense,

boundless.

immobile, adj., motionless,

Immovable.

immortaliser, v. a., to Im-

mortalize.

immortel, -ie, adj., immortal,

undylng. impatience, f., Impatience,

eagerness.

impatient, -e, adj., impatient,

eager.

s'impatienter, v. refl., to be-

come Impatient.

impératif, -ve, adj., impera-

tlve, commanding.

importance, f., Importance,

conséquence.

importer, v. impers., to mat-

ter, be of conséquence;

n'importe, never mind, no

matter.

imposer, v. a., to impose.

impossibilité, f., Impossibll-

ity, impossible position.

impressionniste, m., Impres-

sionlst.

improviser, v, a., to Improvise.

impur, -e, adj., impure, vile.

incapable, adj.. Incapable.

incendie, f., fire, burning, destruction by fire.

incertain, -e, adj., uncertain.

incertitude, f., uncertainty.

incliner, v. a., to stoop, bow,

HIGH SCeOOL FRENCH READER

bend low; s'iyicliner, to bow, bow the head.

incomparable, adj., unequalled.

inconstant, -e, adj., flckle, Inconstant, wavering.

incrédule, adj., incredulous, unbelieving.

indépendant, -e, adj., independent.

Indes, les, f. pi., India.

indifférent, -e, adj., indiffèrent, heedless.

indiquer, v. a., to indicate, show.

infinité, f., great number.

infortuné, -e, adj., unfortunate, unhappy.

infranchissable, adj., irapassable.

injuste, adj., unjust.

inonder, v. a., to flood, swarm over.

inquiéter, v. a., to make uneasy, to disturb; s'inquiéter, to worry, to get uneasy.

inquiétude, f., uneasiness, anxiety, sollcitude.

insister, v. a., to Insist.

inspection, f., inspection.

inspiration, f., inspiration.

inspirer, v. a., to inspire.

instant, m., instant, moment; à l'instant, immediately.

instruction, f., éducation. Instruction.

instruit, -e, adj., educated, learned.

intègre, adj., upright, just.

intelligence, f., intelligence

(see ce qui).

intelligent, -e, adj., intelligent, clever.

intéressant, -e, adj., interest-

ing.

intérêt, m., interest, concern.

intérieur, -e, adj., inner, in-

ward, internai.

intérieur, m., inside, inter-

ior.

interlocuteur, m., interlocu-

tor, questioner.

interroger, v. a., to interro-

gate, question.

interrompre, v. a., to inter-

rupt.

intitulé, -e, adj., entitled. intrépidité, f., boldness, in-

trepidity.

introduire, v, a., (like conduire), to introduce, lead

up.

inutile, adj., useless, un-

necessary.

invasion, f., invasion.

invention, f., invention.

invincible, adj., insuperable,

invincible.

invisible, adj., invisible, un-

seen.

invitation, f., invitation.

inviter, v. a., to invite, beg.

invoquer, v. a., to invoke,

call, upon.

irai, iras, ira, &c,, fut. Ind. of

aller.

ironie, f., irony.

irrésistible, adj., irrésistible.

irrité, -e, adj., Irritated, ex-

cited.

Italie, f., Italy.

italien, -ne, adj., Italian.

J jabot, m., shirt-frill; shirt-

ruffle; jabot. Jaloux, -se, adj., jealous.

jamais, adv., uever, ever;

ne., jamais, never; d tout

jamais, for evermore, for

ail time.

jambe, f., leg; il n'a pas de

jambes, he can't walk.

jappement, m., yelping,

Sharp bark.

japper, v. n., to bark sharp-

ly, yeip.

jardin, m., garden.

jatte, f., bowl.

jaune, adj., yellow.

je, j', pars. pron. subject, I.

Jeanne d'Arc, the Maid of Orléans, was born at Domrémy in 1409. After helping Charles VII, King of France, to rid his country of the English, she was surrendered to them, and shamefully condemned and burned at the stalce at Rouen, 1431.

jeter, v. a., to throw, cast, utter, throw down, throw away; se jeter, to cast one's self down, fall on, rush.

jeu, m., play, playing, game.

jeune, adj., young, youthful.

jeunesse, f., youth, youthful days.

joie, f., joy, mirth, delight.

se joindre, v. refl. (like craindre), to join,

joli, -e, adj., pretty, nice, beautiful.

joue, f., cheek.

jouer, V. a., and n., to play.

jouir, (de), v. a., to enjoy.

joujou, m., toy, plaything.

jour, m., day, dawn; (fig.) life; de tout le jour, the whole day long; grand jour, broad daylight.

journal, m., newspaper, journal.

journalisme, m., journalism.

journaliste, m., journalist.

journée, f., day (duration), day's labour; toute la journée, ail day long.

jouvenceau, m., young man.

joyeusement, adv., joyously, gaily.

joyeux, -se, adj., glad, joyous, happy, merry.

jubilé, m., jubilee.

juge, m., judge.

juin, m., June.

jurer, v. n., to swear, vow.

juron, m., oath.

jusqu'à ce que, conj., until.

jusque, prep., to, even, as far as, until; up to; jusqu'à, right down to, as far as; jusque là, until then; jusqu'aux épaules, up to hls or her shoulders.

justement, adv., just, precisely, exactly.

la, 1', see le.

là, adv., there, hère; là-bas, dowii there, yonder; làhaut, up there, in Heaven; là-dessus, thereupon; là dedans, in it; de là, thence.

labeur, m., labour, work, toil.

laborieux, -se, adj., laborious, tedious.

lac, m., lake.

lâchement, adv., cowardly, basely.

là dedans, adv., in it, there- In.

laisser, v. a., to leave, let, allow; laisser tomber, to drop; laissez-le donc, just let him alone; se lai^er, to allow one's self.

lait, m., milk.

laiterie, f., dairj'-shop, milkshop.

laitière, f., milk-woman.

lampe, f., lamp.

lancer, v. a., to throw, hurl, fire.

langage, m., language, speech.

langue, f., tongue, speech, language.

se languir, v. refl., to pine away, languish.

large, adj., wide, broad, large.

large, m., room, space.

larme, f., tear; rire aux larmes, to laugh till the tears corne.

las, lasse, adj., tired, weary. se lasser (de), v. refl., to

grow tired, weary of.

laurier, m., laurel.

lazzi, m., pièce of buffoon-

ery, jest, joke.

le, m., la, f., les, pi., def. art.,

the.

le, m., la, f., les, pi., pers.

pron., him, lier, it, them;

so.

leçon, f., lesson.

léger, -ère, adj., light, slight,

trivial.

légèrement, adv., slightly.

lendemain, m., morrow, next

day, day after.

lent, -e, adj., slow.

lenteur, f., slowness, delay.

lequel, m., laquelle, f., lesquels, m. pi., lesquelles, f.

pi., pron., which, whicb

one, who, whom, that.

les, pi. of def. art. le.

les, pers. pron., them.

lestement, adv., lightly,

briskly.

lettre, f., letter; homme de

lettres, llterary man.

leur, adj., their; le leur,

theirs.

leur, pron., to them.

lever, v. a., to raise, lift up;

se lever, to get up, rise,

dawn.

lèvre, f., llp.

liberté, f., liberty, freedom.

libre, adj., free, at liberty.

lien, m., tie, bond.

lier, V. a., to tie, bind.

lieu, m., place, spot; au lieu de, instead of ; avoir lieu, to take place.

ligne, f., line.

lilas, m., lilac.

Lille, f., Lille, French city.

linge, m., linen.

lire, V. a., (lisant, lu, je lis, je lus, que je lise), to read.

lisière, f., border, edge.

lit, m., bed.

littéraire, adj., literary.

littérateur, m., literary man, author.

livide, adj., livid.