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BY

The Chinese, especially those of the southern provinces of China, had a very early intercourse with the Indian Archipelago, especially with Siam, Cochinchina, Malacca, Singapore, Rhio, Sumatra, Java and Borneo. In Java they settled down as colonists at a very early period. Many of them married native women, whose children remained in the Colony and gave birth, in course of time, to a Malay- Chinese crossbreed, now generally known under the name of Baba. During such a long and intimate intercourse, it will be easily understood that words from both languages were reciprocally borrowed, though, as à rule, the natives borrowed more words from the Chinese, than the latter from the natives. Some of these words have become quite Chinese and have been incorporated as such in the Dictionary of the Amoy vernacnlar of Mr. Douglas.

We note e. g. the word Long-pang (FE 47 ): which Douglas (op. cit. p. 321 B and 359 B) translates »to work one’s passage in à vessel”, whilst Francken (Chineesch-Hollandsch Woordenboek van het Emoi-Dialekt, p. 425) translates it »to go clandestinely with a

ship” (heimelijk met een schip meësluipen). The word is simply

borrowed from the Malay or Javanese ménumpang (low-Malay nwmpang) »to accompany; to go with another”. E. g. ménumpang säma prähu, to go with the same vessel; ménumpang sêma karèta, to ride with another in the same carriage (Roorda van Eysinga, Handwoordenboek der Nederduitsche en laag-Maleische taal p. 54 i. v. Medevaren; Mederijden).

TS lông ( Hi), which Douglas (op. cit. p. 516 À) translates >to help out of great poverty or trouble; to help a man to get on in trade or business by patronizing him as good customer etc.”, and Francken (op. cit. p. 629) by »to patronize, to help a man to get on” (begunstigen, vooruithelpen), is borrowed from the Malay word Tulung (pr. tooloong) which means »to help; assistance” (Pinappel, Maleisch-Hollandsch Woordenboek 2° Druk, p. 92 B).

Lui (#5) used in the Malayan archipelago for a »doit”; corrupted from the Malay duwit, which is itself corrupted from the Dutch duit.

Hoäng (#fj) »a piece of ten cents or two stivers”. According to Douglas (op. cit. p. 145 B) a Dutch coin. From the Malay Uwang or Wang: money, a piece of ten doits (Pinappel, op. cit. I 32 A).

Bâ-li (K FA] ), va sort of small cabin in a junk” (Douglas, Op. cit. p. 8; Francken, Op. cit. p. 13), is derived from the Malay word Baley, a couch, a couch-bed (Pijnappel, Op. cit. I, 46 A)

generally pronounced Bôlé.

Among the Chinese in the archipelago lots of Malay words pass current as Chinese, whilst the Chinese equivalent is unknown. To these belong e. g. the words:

Toan (#5) » Mister; Sir”, from the Malay tuwan.

Siak-si (fl 77 ) »A Witness” from the Malay Saksi (Sanscrit Sakst), »a witness, an eyewitness” (Pinappel, Op. cit. IT 26 B).

Bé-à (#8) 17) » Duties paid to government”; government farms,

as farm of opium etc. (Douglas, Op. cit. p. 23 A); from the Malay (properly Javanese) Beya, duties, taxes, itself a loanword from the Sanskrit Wyaya, »expenses, charges”.

Anggüt (XL A) > Wine, Claret’”; from the Malay Angour » Wine, Vine, Grape”, itself a loanword from the Persian language (Pinappel, Op. cit. I 12 A).

Bün-t6-gà ( TH Hÿ 2) »Butter”’ (Chinese 2. TH gû-lin-ià); from the Malay Wantega (butter), itself a corruption of the Portuguese Manteca (butter, lard, fat, pomatum); (Pynappel, Op. cit. IT 135 À).

Kap-pit-tan ( FH DA FF) »a Captain, headman of the Chinese”, from the Malay Kapitan (Portuguese Capitäo). They are styled very often ÆKapitan tuwa (old captain), which the Chinese colonists transcribe FH 44 Ff AN Kap-pit-tan toa, contracted to Æap-toa. As the character PA is pronounced ‘at in the Hakka-dialect, the Chinese headmen in Borneo are called Kap-t'at, in which hybrid word no one would recognize the Portuguese Capitao and the Malay luwa.

Tan-tüû (FF f) >a Sedan”, from the Javanese and Malay word Tandu, »sedan with a hammock or bench” (Piÿnappel, Op. ait. I 89 B).

Sit-lat (H ÿk) »Singapore, the Straits settlements”, from the Malay Sèlat, »a strait”. Singapore is called in Malay Magéri Sélat (the Straits country); (Pinappel, Op. cit. IT 27).

Boäh-4 (Chang-chow Béh-4), according to Douglas (Op. cit p. 24 A) »the crocodile or alligator”. Neither Francken nor the CIE 4 dictionary mention the word. Corruption of the Malay name of the crocodile Buwaya (Pijnappel, Op. cit. I 62 A). As is well known, the Chinese native name for the crocodile is EE ff gôk hi.

Sia-ko-bi (DE #4 >K) Sago-rice, from the Malay Sago (Pinappel, Op. cit. IT, 16).

Kap-pän (ff ffj) à square-rigsed vessel (Douglas, Op. cit. 358); probably from the Malaÿy Xapal = Tamil Xappal, a large, foreign vessel, in opposition to the native prahus; (Pijnappel, Op. cit. IT, 84).

It ïs probable that by à careful comparison of Douglas’s Dictionary of the Amoy-vernacular and the Malay-dictionaries a good many more loanwords would be found.

The list of Chinese loanwords in the Malay language is however much richer, and goes to prove that the Chinese language has a great infusive power.

We will note cursorily some of these words, in order to draw the attention of students to this new and fruitful field of study.

Angkin, in Batavian low-Malay a stomacher or belly-band, as worn by women (Pinappel, Op. cit. Appendix p. 151 A); otherwise called Ambèt; from the Chinese 4ng kûn (*E 1h) a woman's petticoat (Francken, Op. cit. p. 10).

Anglo, à »Chafing-dish” (Pinappel, Op. cit. I 13); from the Chinese Hang 16 (HE HE), a portable furnace; a small portable earthen stove, as for boiling water for tea (Douglas, Op. cit. p. 118 and 316).

Anglung, >a pavilion, a bower” (Pinappel, Op. cit. I 23), from the Chinese dng lông (XX JEt ) »the red gallery”.

Baba = Malay tuwan, Sir! (Pinappel, Op. eit. I 39) = Chinese Ba ba (ff HË) halfcaste Chinese from the straits (Douglas, Op. cit, p: 8)

Bak (Bek, Me’) in Batavian low-Malay: the Chinese ink (Pinappel, Op. cit. Appendix p. 151); from the Chinese 2 Bdk (Colloquial), B4k (Reading) and Mén (Mandarin).

Bami, à kind of macaroni with meat, shrimps and vegetables (Pinappel, Op. cit. I 46). From the Chinese Bah mt (A ST ),

vermicelli cooked with shrimps and some fat (Douglas, Op. cit. p. 9).

Bandji-bandji, in Batavian low-Malay, festoons, fringes (Pijnappel, Op. cit. Appendix, p. 152); from the Chinese Ban-j7 (TE A) an ornamental figure like the Svastika, much used in embroiïdery (Douglas, Op. cit. p. 11).

Bangsat in high-Malay »a man without a fixed occupation; a vagabond or scamp”. (Pinappel, Op. cit. I 53); in low-Malay a »woodlouse”, a »bug” (Ibid. Appendix, p. 152). Probably a corruption of the Chinese Bäk-sat or Bat-sat |) (CA Æ), à bedbug or woodlouse (Douglas, Op. cit. p. 411). The word has probably passed from the low-Malay into the high Malay 2). The original meaning bemg Bug, the word bangsat was afterwards used as an abusive term for vagabonds, rogues, scamps and suchlike vagrants. We are confirmed in this view by the following word.

Bangsëng, in Batavian low-Malay »the penetrating stench of bugs squeezed to death” (sterke lucht van doodgeknepen [dipitjét] wandluizen. Pijnappel, Op. cit. Appendix p. 152); a word which would answer to the Chinese À | HU] HA b4k (= bang)- [sat] sing.

Bébéko, in Batavian low-Malay Sweet-meats for children (Pÿnappel, Op. cit. Appendix p. 152); from the Chinese Béh-lé ko (3% SF RE), a sort of glutinous inspissated syrup, or Béh-bé ko (2% EE #6) cakes made of barley boiled soft (Douglas, Op. cit. p. 16).

Dailémtu, in Batavian low-Malay, »a pantry” (Pijnappel, Op. cit. Appendix. p. 153); a hybrid word from the Malay dalëm (within) and the Chinese #4 (JËf) »a cupboard” (Douglas, Op. cit. p, 530): »what is in the cupboard”.

Dâtjing, a steelyard (Pinappel, Op. cit. I, 122); corrupted from the Chinese #E ft 16 ts'èn, a steelyard with weight.

1) The transition of Æ in xg in derived forms is a very common feature in Polynesian languages.

2) The Malay name for the woodlouse is Kufu busuk, the stinking bug.

Djéngga, a scaffold carried round by Chinese during the tsap-goméh (2 %. À) festival (Pijnappel; Op. cit. Appendix p. 154); corrupted from the Chinese name of the festival itself Tsng ge (4 À ). The frame or scaffold itself, upon which little airls, gent riding on storks and other figures are carried round, is called Tsng pé CHE 4).

Guwa, I, the first person. pron. = the Chineses god (FX) JF for the second person is used the word

Lu (/oo) = the Chinese là CH) You.

Kabang-kabang, »a spiders web”, a hybrid word from the Batavian low-Malay Kawa-kawa, a spider) and the Chinese bang (4), a net, a web; compare the Chinese 7i-fu-bang (uT] JR #6 ) a spider’s web. The word must be hybrid, because the ka in Æabang is evidently a contraction of kawa-kawa, and because the word Bang means in Malay only van elder brother” or »red colour”. In high- Malay a spiders web is called Sarang Laba-laba (Pijnappel, Op. CLEO MLE IT)

Kalèng in Batavian low-Malay »a bird with yellow claws, which learns to speak: burung kalèng mas (the yellow-clawed bird kalèng) and burung kalèng pèrak (the white-clawed bird kalèng”’ (Pinappel, Op. cit. Appendix p. 157) = the Chinese £a-lTng (XE F8) a starting (Sturnus cristatellus) which learns to speak very distinctly. Douglas (Op. cit. p. 187) defines it as the black and white mina which can learn to speak a little. But thé well-known ornithologist Rob. Swinhoe defines the kaltng as Acridotheres cristatellus (Pastor philippensis of Temminck), and says of it: »it learns to speak, and imitates well the human voice” (R. Swiuhoe on Formosan Ornithology, Ibis, April 1863, p. 92—98.

Kélenteng, the great Chinese Temple in Batavia, from the Chinese Æoan-im ting CE 4 #5 Temple of Avalokit-eçvara).

Kélinting, »a kind of instrument with tinkling bells” and

Kélontong, »a Chinese rattle; a Chinese pedlar”’ (Pinappel, Op. cit. II 86); both corrupted from the Chinese lîn-lông tông or lin-long tong (Er HE SZ ): the rattle of Chinese pedlars is called lin-long kd (EF HE 5) which the Malay have inverted into kdlông-tông (kèlontong).

Kelung, »bamboo stakes in sea resembling a weel, for catching fish” (Pijnappel, Op. cit. II 97); probably from the Chinese ke läng ( AE ÉÈ) a cage or coop for hens, resembling in form a weel. The ordinary Malay name for a weel is Sero (Pijnappel, Op. cit. IT, 40).

Kiya, » Chinese playingeards” (Pijnappel, Op. cit. II 96); from the Chinese tsdp-det ki-4 (+ 2 A ff) the famous Chinese » Rouge et Noir” played with 12 cards, described at length in my Dutch- Chinese dictionary 1. v. » Rouge-et-noir”.

Kikowé »dried persimmons” = Chin. #7 koé (if HE ).

Kimlo, »a soup of savoury mixed meats” = Chinese kim ld CS FA).

Kipsiau (also Lipsigau? and in Java kapsau), »a grey earthen pot with spout and handle, wherein coffee is cooked” (Pinappel, Op. cit. IL 83); according to Roorda van Eysinga »a warming pan”; corrupted from the Chinese kip sio or kip siao (Le RE quickly heating), a small, thin, flat-bottomed earthen kettle for warming things (Douglas, Op. cit. p. 224).

Kôyo }»Salve” (Roorda van Eysinga, Op. cit. p. 114); from the

Kôyoq)\Chinese ko id (E A ko i6k) plaster, salve, unguent.

Kuï, in Batavian low-Malay, to kneel; bëkuï kneeling; duduk békuï to kneel down; bëdjalan békuï to creep on one’s knees (Pinappel, Op. cit. Appendix, p. 160); from the Chinese kuz (Ef) »to kneel”.

Kuntau, »a certain Chinese game; boxing?” (Pijnappel, Op. cit. II 90) = the Chinese kün t'aô (Z BÂ) boxing with the fist (Douglas, Op. cit. p. 254).

Kuwah, »sauce, broth” (Pijnappel, Op. cit. IT 95); probably = the Chinese koak in £an-koah (#£ à) arrow-root sliced and infused to make a cooling mucilaginous drink (Douglas, Op cit. p. 236).

Kongsi, »a company, a firm, an association” (Pinappel, Op. cit. IT 83) = Chinese Kong si (ZX F]) »a company, a firm” (Douglas, Op. cit. p. 420).

Kowé|)!') general name for cakes and sweetmeats, usually re-

Kwé }duplicated: Æwé-kwé = the Chinese Koé (4 or É ) read ké in Amoy: a cake, especially a soft cake; pastry (Douglas, Op. cit. 201); a word widely spread all over Java and the Archipelago.

Langkan, »a garret, an upperroom” (Pinappel, Op. cit. IT, 117); in Batavian low-Malay langkan, klangkan, klangklang; in Bal plangkan: pagèr langkan, a fence of iron railings (/Zbid. Appendix, p. 160), corrupted from the Chinese /@n kan (À ÀT) a railing, a balustrade (Douglas, Op. cit. p. 292). In Chinese houses an upperloft ïs often found taken from one half of the ceiling and bordered at the front by a wooden railing, whence the meaning of loft or garret given to the word langkan in Malay. Such a garret is called in China poà la (£ù FE), a small garret; à small low second story carried only half across the room (Douglas, Op. cit. p. 295; Francken, Op. cit. p. 336).

Lenskeng, also kalengkeng, wrongly defined by Pinappel as the Euphorbia or Nephelium lichi (Op. cit. II 85 and 117). The lengkeng is the Dimocarpus lungan, called in Chang-chow ling king, in Tâng-0a lîng kän and in Amoy gîng ging (HE HE£ ) > Dragon-eye”; a round little fruit, with a woody shell containing à beautiful bluish, transparent fruit with à hard, brown kernel. The Dimocarpus lichi

is called in Chinese naï-tsi or le-tsi (7 À%), (Douglas, Op. cit.

1) Pijnappel (Op. cit. IT 95) wrongly transcribes the word #Æoewik (koowee).

p. 335) named by the Malays Zichi or buwa (fruit) këlichi, confounded wrongly by Pijnappel (Op. cit. II 124, Appendix 158) with the lengkeng. The lichi are used by the Malays as marbles for playing.

Lichi see Lengkeng.

Liu, »to row with four men as the Chinese do” (Pinappel, Op. cit. Il, 125); perhaps the Chinese lo (HE) >to pull a boat with a rope” (Douglas, Op. cit. p. 313). |

Lobak, »a kind of radish” (Pijnappel, Op. cit. II 124); from the Chinese 6 pôk (ÉE il) called in Amoy nd-p6k and in Chin-chew lâ pdk, wrongly defined by Douglas (Op. cit. p. 334 and 357) as carrots. Wells-Williams rightly defines the characters as »Radish”.

Lôksèk, in Batavian low-Malay »bankrupt, e. g. of a storekeeper whose goods have been seized by his creditors” (Pinappel, Op. cit. Appendix, p. 162); from the Chinese Lok-ts‘ih (GX M) literally: »a rotten, soft crab”, metaphorically: »languishing trade” (Francken, Op. cit. p. 371).

Long, »a Chinese rocket” (Pijnappel, Op. cit. II, 116) = Chinese hoé lông (KR KE) a sort of congreve rocket for use in war (Douglas, Op. cit. p. 322).

Long »a coffin, cover put over a corpse” (Pinappel, Op. cit. IT, 116). Van der Tuuk (Taalkundige aanteekeningen en bladwiyzer tot de drie stukken van het Bataksche Leesboek, vierde stuk, p. 216) thinks the Malay word long may have been derived from the Siamese Lung, »a basket”. But the Siamese lung is itself a Chinese loanword = Le lông, a basket, a wicker-work trunk. Van der Tuuk reproaches Marsden and Crawfurd to pronounce the word lang; but this pronunciation is quite possible, as in Amoy-colloquial the ch. $È 18 pronounced ldng (Douglas, Op. cit. p. 293).

Loting, »Upper-story, garret, attic” (Pinappel, Op. cit. IT 122) = Chinese laô ting, reading: [6 ting (FE TX), upstairs, the upper story (Douglas, Op. cit. p. 295).

Lotjing :), »a Bell” (Pinappel, Op. cit. IT 122) = Chinese PE #A 16 tsing (a bell) or À $ laô tsing (belfry-clock).

Lu (/00) = the Chinese l (K) You; compare Guwa.

Mèk, in Batavian low-Malay »the Pulse” (Pinappel, Op. ait. Appendix p. 162) = Chinese b{k, colloquial méh (JK) the pulse.

Mowa: kan mowa, the Eel (fish mowa) from the Chinese mod (ÉS) »an eel, a conger-eel” (Douglas, Op. cit. p. 3382; Francken, Op. cit. p. 387).

Muïli, in Batavian low-Malay »a curtain outside the door of a sleeping-room” (Pijnappel, Op. cit. Appendix, p. 163) = Chinese mui li CEA F&) »a bamboo doorsereen, made to roll up; hung specially before doors where families live” (Douglas, Op. cit. p. 302).

Niya, »the collar of a coat” (Pijnappel, Op. cit. IT 141) = Chinese nid (£Ë) a collar (Douglas, Op. cit. p. 336).

Njonya (not Monya, as Pijnappel (Op. cit. Il, 141) wrongly spells the word): »a married lady of European or Chinese descent” = Chinese ni6-4 (45 F) a mistress of a slave, a lady; a married lady (Douglas, Op. cit. p. 887). It may, however, have been from corrupted Portuguese nhanja used in the Philippines.

Pho (»'o) and Topho (to p'o) names of Chinese games. The gamblingshed and gamblingtable are called by the Dutch in Java Topbaan and Toptafel (top = to-pho). From the Chinese p'ok (FE) and € p'ok CE 1) >to gamble”; the word has become so thoroughly Malay that a regularly formed substantive of the word #6-p'(ok) has been formed, viz. Patopan (pa + top + an) Chinese gamblinghouse (Pijnappel, Op. cit. IT, 53 and 64).

Pi, in Batavian low-Malay »a large riverturtle” (Pijnappel, Op. cit. Appendix, p. 167) = Chinese Pi (HE) according to Douglas (Op. cit. p. 372) à very small sort of turtle; according to Wells-

Williams turtles in general.

1) In Javanese also lonfjenq,

Po, in Batavian low-Malay »to carry on one arm” (Pijnappel, Op. cit. Appendix. p. 167) = Chinese po (f{J) to clasp in the arms; to carry in the arms, as a child (Douglas, Op cit. p. 399).

Puk, »to carry on both arms, as a child” (Ibid. p. 167) perhaps = Chinese p'ô (#K) to lift with both hands (Douglas, Op. cit. p. 899).

Pungki, in Batavian low-Malay »an oblong square stable-basket to remove the horsedung”’ (Pijnappel, Op. cit. Appendix, p. 167) = Chinese pùun ki (2 ) a hod or basket with handles (Douglas, Op. cit. p. 387); à basket for earth or dung (Francken, Op. cit. p. 487). Compare my Uranographie chinoise p. 162 where we have given an engraving of the Chinese pèn ki.

Sampan, »a boat, a skiff” (Pinappel, Op. cit. II 32 B) = Chinese sam pén (— ÂK) a small boat (Douglas, Op. cit. p. 409).

Sentiyong, »the new Chinese graves in Batavia” (Pijnappel, Op. eit. Appendix, p. 169) = Chinese fr &R sin t'iéng, in opposition to nr FR kô 1'iéng, the ancient graves.

Sètèng: matanja sètèng, »he has a boil on the eyelid” (Pinappel Op. cit. Appendix, p. 169); a hybrid word corresponding to the Chinese bék-tsiu se-ting ( Æ EX] Æ JT) he has à boil on the eyelid (Douglas, Op. cit. p. 486).

Sodja, in Batavian low-Malay »to bow in praying as the Chinese do” (Pijnappel, Op. cit. Appendix. p. 170); from the Chinese ts‘ dzid (FE H#) »to make a bow, to bow”’ (Douglas, Op. cit. p. 180); HE pe used for #à »to make a bow in the Chinese manner” (Medhurst, Chin. and Eng. Dict. I, 104).

Tâbang, in Batavian low-Malay »a pail” (Pijnappel, Op. cit. Appendix, p. 170): #hang ayër, a waterpail; from the Chinese lang (AH): tsut t'äng (7k ff) a pail.

Tanglong, »a Chinese lantern”’ (Pinappel, Op. cit. I 80) = Chinese PX $E ting lông, a lampballoon” (Francken, Op. cit. p. 373). Comp. Ting.

402 G. SCHLEGEI.

Tangsei, »thin of hair; a loose or sleazy stuff” (Pinappel, Op. cit. I 78). Perhaps = Chinese t'ang se (3 XD) sleazy gauze; comp. t'ang kui (3H >) »too loose in texture, as cloth” (Douglas, Op. cit. p. 539).

Tangsi 1) »a kind of Chinese rope” (Pinappel, Op. cit. [ 78) = Chinese t'éng si (à #%) strong gut made from the entrails of the peng t'äng ox caterpillar living on the Peng-tree (JA F}) or Liquidambar formosana, and used for fishlines (Douglas, Op. cit. p. 540; Francken, Op. cit. p. 575); 2) — »barracks, casern, camp”. Perhaps = Chinese téng sn (5 Æ) the headman who has the charge of the volunteers in a subdivision of a ward: Comp. p'aù täng (7 #) a long fort or fortified wall (Douglas, Op. cit. p. 475 and 476.

Taugé, »sprouted beans”, a Chinese dish = taô gé (T& ) sprouted beans.

Tehkowan/}»a teapot” (Pijnappel, Op. cit. I, 94) = Chinese té

Tehko koùn (2 RÉ) and té kd (F DX) à teapot, esp. with a roundish body; a small earthen teakettle (Douglas, Op. cit.p.481).

Tékuwa in badju tékuwa, »a short vest or jacket” (Pinappel, Op cit. I, 82); probably = té koù (fi ZËh) »a short jacket”.

Tikpi, »a kind of battlefork with three prongs of which the middle one is longer”. Pinappel (Op. cit. I 81) thinks it to be Chinese; it may be either tk pi, a small bamboo shoot at side of main stem, (Douglas, Op. cit. p. 485) or a corruption of tk hf, a sort of fish that has three sharp points. (Zbid.)

Tim »to stew in a well closed pot or can with a little water” (Pijnappel, Op. cit. I 83) = Chinese 47m (KE or #ÏK) »to stew in a covered vessel placed in an outer vessel of boiling water” (Douglas, Op. cit. p. 501).

Ting, »a Chinese lantern in which oil is burned” (Pinappel, Op. cit. I 95). The lanterns in which a candle is burned are called Tanglong q. v. = ting (FK).

Tjaktaï, in Batavian low-Malay »a Chinese lampshade” (Pijnappel Op. cit. Appendix p. 171); from the Chinese sit tai (WE} E ) a sort of large candlestick (Douglas, Op. cit. p. 470).

Tjangkuwé »sugared melonslices” = Tang koe (Z& JR ), a preparation of the pumpkin in sugar (Douglas, Op. cit. p. 241). Is used in Chinese weddings as brides sweetmeat.

Tjap, »a seal” (Pinappel, Op. cit. I, 112) = Chinese #1] tsap to prick, a document, a (sealed) diploma etc. (Wells-Williams, Chin.-Eng. Diet.).

Tjantju »a shipscaptain” (Pijnappel, Op. cit. I, 114) = Chinese tsûn tsû (FL Æ) the captain of a vessel (Douglas, Op. cit. p. 595).

Tjat »paint; tjat minjak, oïlpaint; in Javanese jet”; (Pinappel, Op. cit. I 109) = Chinese 1s'at (ŸÆ) paint, varnish.

Tjéki, »a kind of Chinese hazardgame” (P5nppel, Op. cit. I 112)? Comp. Tjuki.

Tjéngkeh, »the clove” (Pijnappel, Op. cit. [ 111); corrupted from the Chinese ting gé (TT 3E ), commonly called ting hiu (TT Æ), »the clove”.

Tjintjau, »a Chinese sweetmeat consisting of agar-agar, sugar and ginger” (Piünappel, Op. cit. I, 114); 2); »a cooling drink made of water, sugar and kernels of the Sulas (Ocimum basilicum)”, Pinappel IT 27; called by the Malays Tièndol (Ibid., Appendix, p. 171) = Chinese Ts'in ts'aô or Sin-ts'ad (34 F£) »a plant from which a cooling jelly is made”; sin-ts'aô täng EL = ÜR) » coagulated jelly made from that plant” (Dougias, Op. cit. pp. 80 and 435 B.).

Tjit, to wipe; fjit medja to wipe the table” (Pijnappel, Op. cit. Appendix, p. 171) = Chinese {4 #s'it, to wipe; AU AH ts'it toh, to wipe the table (Douglas, Op. cit. p. 84).

Tju, »>Arrack” (Pinappel, Op. cit. I, 115); from the Chinese tsié (YŸ}4) spirituous liquor in general; distilled or fermented liquor

(Douglas, Op. cit. p. 56).

Tjuki, »a kind of draughts played with white and black beans” (Pÿnappel, Op. cit. I, 116): probably = Chinese #i0h ki (CH FH) >to play at draughts or chess” (Douglas, Op. cit. p. 210). Comp. 7yéki.

Tjukin, in Batavian low-Malay »a short bathing-gown for men” (Piÿnappel, Op. cit. Appendix, p. 171); probably corrupted from the Chinese és'ié kin (Æ If ) »a handkerchief, a napkin”” (Douglas, Op. cit. p. 253).

Tjun, »one tenth of a foot; an inch” (Piÿnappel, Op. cit. I 114) = Chinese ts'ùn GT ), the Chinese inch, one tenth of a Chinese foot (Douglas, Op. cit. p. 98). |

Toko, »a storehouse, a shop, a general warehouse’”; perhaps the Chinese #4 k'ù (+ Ji).

Tongkau, »three stones for a trivet for putting boiled meat upon” (Pinappel, Op. cit. I, 79); probably = Chinese ting kaû (FE #*) »a small bamboo frame for the cheapest lamps’”’ (Douglas, Op. cit. p. 486).

Untjuwi, »a tobaccopipe” (Pijnappel, Op. cit. I, 25) = Chinese kun ts'oe (KA HR) »a tobaccopipe” (Douglas, Op. cit. p. 159).

Upau, »a pouch for money worn upon the stomach”” (Pijnappel, Op. cit. I, 32) = Chinese Auu pau (ni 41) »a sort of purse or small pouch” (Douglas, Op. cit. p. 120).

Usei, »the refuse of opium called in Malay tahi tjandu” (Pÿnappel, Op. cit. I 32) = Chinese o sat UE FÉ) generally called in Amoy itself a-p'ièn sat.

Uwé, »a kind of glazed earthen pot with ears and lid” (Pinappel, Op. cit. I, 34) = Chinese oë (4 or KE) »a small earthen or metal pot” (Douglas, Op. cit. p. 99).

Wangkang (also Wangkan or Wankang) »a Chinese junk” (Piÿnappel, Op. cit. IT, 142); perhaps from the Chinese béng kang (Æ JL), in ancient times the name of Chinese junks in the state of Wu (HE JC Ye ÉHE 5 Khanghi); and meaning primitively a

heavy or unwieldy ship. In Chinese everything akward and unwieldy is called béng hang (Â$ M 2 LÀ FH FE ÂT Khanghi Imp. Dict.). Compare H. Kern »De Fidjitaal vergeleken met hare verwanten in Indonesië en Polynesië” p. 196 (Verhandelingen der

Kon. Akad. van Wetenschappen te Amsterdam 1886).

We regret to say that the schism between the Orientalists in Europe of which we made mention on page 147 of thisnumber has not yet been satisfactorily bridged-over. When, at last, by the efforts of Dr. Leitner and other gentlemen the question if, in future, the congresses of European Orientalists were to be held out of Europe or in European States only, was unanimously decided in favour of the last, the British Orientalists have split themselves into two inimical camps, having each a full staff of generals and officers. In consequence of which we received the two following cireulars from both the committees, which we print without further comment. We can only regret that it has seemed impossible to come to a satisfactory agreement. Orientalists will now have to choose which of the two proposed congresses, one in 1891 and the other in 1892, both to be held im London, they shall join.