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Inspector and a Deputy Inspector of Customs with their Customary staff #1). This Inspector would have doubtless resided at the Port of Changchau. Foreigners both there and at Chinchew had at times suffered many indignities at the hands of the officials, but a Mongol Governor of Changchau, named Lo-liang, for his fair and upright dealings, gained the respect and obedience of the foreign merchants resorting there “?).

Before going into the question as to what was the probable pronunciation in Mongol times of the Chinese characters Yueh-kiang, it will be as well to say a word of Klaproth’s supposed derivation of the name Zaitun. That learned scholar derived it from Tszüthung #), Prickly Thung-trees, which derivation both Dr. Douglas and myself rejected on the ground that Chinchew was in common parlance never known as Tszû-thung. The term was simply a poetical one, just as Fuchau is called the city of the Banyans, Canton the city of Rams, and Calcutta the city of Palaces. Zaïtun, which Ramusio spells Zaithun, I would separate with a hyphen as follows Zait-hun and not Zai-thun as Klaproth would appear to have done.

We have to find Chinese equivalents for Zaïit-hun which, as Martini truly says, is not a Chinese word, and which Andrew of Perugia, Bishop of Zaitun in 1326, says came to be so called by the Persians #).

In ancient Chinese, the two Chinese characters Yueh-kiang, the port of Changchau, were pronounced Goat-kong and Get-Ong,

and most probably they were even so pronounced in Mongol times.