III, 5.

53 11 s'en revenait: Cf. s'en aller 17 4, s'en retourner 2 8.

53 15 tambours de basque: 'tambourines,' called 'Biscayan drums' because generally seen in the northern (Biscayan, Basque) provinces of Spain.

53 19 poterne: 'postern,' a back door, and then, by extension, any small door.

53 23 Tenons-nous bien: a phrase of warning to be on guard and ready, transl. 'ware Turks!'--Il: cf. note to 4 23.

54 1 Il y avait ... cherchait: 'for two long weeks the luckless Tartarin had been seeking.'

54 4 Voici: 'here is (how it happened).'

54 6 ni plus ni moins que l'Opéra: 'just as the Opera does.' The Opéra is the famous Opera House in Paris, where a great masked ball is given every year.

54 7 de province: 'provincial' All France outside of Paris is disdainfully designated by Parisians as la province. With province do not confuse Provence (cf. note to 13 27)--Peu de monde: 'few people.'

54 8 Bullier ... Casino: Parisian dance-halls--vierges folles: 'frail sisters.' In the French version of the parable of the Ten Virgins (Matthew xxv, 1-12) the foolish virgins are called vierges folles.

54 9 chicards: 'dandies'--debardeurs: men who unload wood, 'stevedores.' Conventionalized dandy and stevedore costumes were made popular as early as the thirties by the clever cartoonist Gavarni and were seen at all masked balls. The reference here is to frequenters of Parisian masked balls who have found it advisable to leave France (en déroute) and have carried their costumes with them.

54 10 se lancent: 'are launching out,' ='are getting started,' i.e. in a disreputable life.

54 12 Le vrai coup d'oeil: 'the real spectacle', coup d'oeil = 'glance,' and hence 'view' such as may be taken in all at once.

54 15 tapis verts: the green coverings of the gaming tables--turcos: 'Turcos,' native soldiers of the French army in Algeria.

54 16 prêt: 'pay' of non commissioned officers and soldiers, called prêt (cf. prêter 'to lend') because advanced to them before it is due.

54 18 l'argent d'une charrue: 'the price of a plow.'

54 20 trouble: adjective.

54 29 à barbe de Père éternel: le Père étetnel is, of course, God. The Middle Ages and the Renaissance did not scruple to represent him in sculpture and painting. Transl. 'with a long white beard.'

55 7 la garde qui monte: 'the guard coming up.' Note that a French relative clause is often to be rendered by a present participle in English e g, je l'entends qui frappe 'I hear him knocking.' Cf. 6 10, 64 18, 68 9.

55 8 ces saturnales: 'this saturnalia' The Roman festival of Saturn was a penod of riotous license--était venu s'égarer: 'had come straying', cf. 93 19.

55 10 s'en allait: for allait, cf. note to 17 4.

55 13 M'sieu: indicates by the spelling the usual pronunciation of Monsieur.

55 15 Après? 'Well, what have you to say?'

55 17 Je ne demande pas mieux: 'I don't ask (anything) better,' 'that's exactly what I should like to know.'

55 25 algarade: a word borrowed from the Spanish, the root being Arabic. It was originally a military expression meaning a raid, but now is used more or less jocularly for a wordy attack. Transl. 'dispute.'

55 26 Me voilà bien avancé: 'I'm much farther along,' 'I'm much the wiser' (sarcastically).

55 28 ça: = cela, 'that,' 'the thing Gregory du Montenegro,' contemptuous when used of persons, cf. 69 32.

55 30 préince: Tartarin's Southern pronunciation of prince.

56 1 Allons! 'well!' cf. note to 36 18--Partagez-vous ... question: the officer in disgust bids the prince and Tartarin to divide between them the twenty francs that are missing and let the matter drop.

56 2 qu'il n'en soit plus question: 'let's have no more talk about it', cf. note to 4 23.

56 6 j'en fais mon affaire: 'I'll attend to this.'

56 12 Barbarin: when this work first appeared in serial form Tartarin was called "Barbarin." The name was changed when Daudet discovered that a family named Barbarin was living at Tarascon. See Introduction. The word tartarin means the sacred or Arabian baboon.

56 13 souffla: 'prompted.' Souffler, 'to blow,' 'to breathe,' in theatrical parlance means 'to prompt.' Le souffleur is 'the prompter.'

56 14 Entre ... mort: 'between us now it's a compact for life and death!'

56 17 Vous pensez: cf. note to 4 6.

56 21 terrasses: cf. note to 64 2.

56 22 salade russe: 'Russian salad,' a heavy fish and vegetable salad.

56 25 frisé au petit fer: 'with fineîy curled hair.' Friser au fer = 'to curl with an iron.'

56 26 rasé à la pierre ponce: 'very closely shaven.' Pumice stone has from ancient times been used by the effeminate for smoothing the skin.

56 27 lui donnait un faux air de: 'made him look like', lit 'gave him a false air of.'

56 28 Mazarin: Giulio Mazarini (1602-1661), an Italian who became cardinal, and prime minister under Louis XIII and Louis XIV, talked French with an Italian accent. He wore the mustache and slight beard usual at that period.

56 29 les langues latines: pompously for la langue latine--à tout propos: 'apropos of everything,' 'at every opportunity'--Tacite: 'Tacitus' (54-140 A.D.), the famous latin historian.

56 30 Horace (64-8 B.C.) the Latin lyric poet--Commentaires: the histories of the wars of Julius Caesar written by himself, with supplements by his officers, bear the Latin title Commentarii, i.e. 'Notebooks.'

56 31 héréditaire: transl. 'noble.'

56 32 depuis: adverb, 'since then', cf. note to 1 6.

56 33 en Altesse philosophe: 'in the role of philosophizing noble'; cf. note to 5 20.

57 7 bon: 'good natured,' 'kindly,' not 'good.'

57 11 On but sec: 'they drank hard.' Boire sec means to drink pure wine, without the usual admixture of water.

57 12 au Monténégro libre: Montenegrin independence was frequently menaced by Turkey during the nineteenth century. In 1862, as a result of a short but disastrous war, Montenegro had been forced to sign a humiliating treaty of peace in which she virtually acknowledged the suzerainty of Turkey. Daudet was in Africa in 1861-1862, gathering materials out of which "Tartarin" grew. It is possible that he met there the prototype of Gregory brooding over the disgrace of his country, or, at least, pretending to do so. However, the character of the prince and the information given in 56 31 ff lead us to suppose that in Gregory's mind "a free Montenegro" means a Montenegro free from the existing constitutional authorities, rather than free from Turkish domination.

57 14 qu'on secoue: 'being shaken,' cf. note to 55 7.

57 18 Parlez-moi des: 'just trust'--lever ... la caille. 'start the game.' The usual expression is lever le lievre 'to start the hare,' 'to uncover something hidden.' A loose woman is sometimes called caille ('quail'), caille coiffée, hence the substitution of caille for lievre.

57 20 aux Platanes: = au restaurant des Platanes, cf. 56 20.

58 4 Bon! 'that's nothing!'--vous n'êtes pas homme: 'you are not the sort of man.'

58 5 on ... à bout de: 'we'll perhaps be able to dispose of', cf. note to 46 7.

58 6 lui achetant: cf. note to 5 27--Allons: 'come now!' cf. notes to 36 18, 56 1.

58 12 Écrire ... simplement: 'just write to the lady.'

58 18 à mesure: 'as you go along', cf. note to 33 25.

58 19 que de bontés: lit. 'how many kindnesses!' transl. 'how good you are!' Cf. note to 10 24.

58 23 Fort heureusement que: cf. note to 41 2.

58 26 Lamartine (Alphonse, 1790 1869) famous French poet, prose writer, and statesman. His "Voyage en Orient" is the record of his travels in 1832-1833.

58 27 Cantique des Cantiques: the 'Song of Songs,' or 'Song of Solomon,' full of the Oriental phraseology of passion.

58 28 qu'il se pût voir: (= pût se voir) 'that could be seen,' 'that ever was seen', cf. notes to 4 23 (il impersonal), 5 23 (se voir, reflexive with passive force).

59 7 Allons: plain imperative, not the exclamation cf. 58 6.

59 15 l'espérer: for this le cf. note to 25 18.

59 16 du reste: 'besides.'

59 29 casse-tête à pointes: 'war club with spikes', cf. note to 2 20.

59 32 le haut de la ville: = la ville haute (37 27).

60 5 cour intérieure: Oriental houses are built in the form of a hollow square, the house surrounding the courtyard on all sides.

60 8 plus forte: 'stouter.'

60 9 ne fit que traverser: 'did no more than pass through,' 'merely passed through.'

60 13 sous les ramages ... fleurs: 'under the figures of her flowered dress'--laissant deviner: cf. note to 7 23.

60 14 friande à point: 'dainty to the point of perfection.'

60 15 ronde de partout: 'round all over'--narghile: 'nargile,' a Turkish pipe in which the smoke is drawn through water, a hookah.

60 16 toute: 'entirely.'

60 chapter heading Sidi: among the Mohammedans a title of respect, when addressed to a foreigner, about equivalent to Mr--ben: Arabic, 'son of' 'Tartarin son of Tartarin.'

60 24 à la veillée: 'at the gossiping hour' Veillée = a sitting up at night for work or pleasure, especially to tell stories.

60 28 voici ... déjà: 'already several years ago,' 'several years have already passed since then.'

60 29 dame du cru: 'native girl', cf. note to 26 6.

61 2 n'est autre que: 'is no other than.'

61 4 Qu'est-ce que vous voulez: 'what can you expect?' lit. 'what do you wish?' Cf. 75 18.

61 7 durant: cf. note to 53 5.

61 9 Annibal à Capoue: 'Hannibal at Capua.' After the battle of Cannae (216 B.C.) in which the Roman army was overwhelmed, Hannibal, the Carthaginian general, instead of following up his success, retired for the winter into Capua, where his army was demoralized by the enervating influences of the luxury loving city. Livy makes this to have been the cause of Hannibal's failure--a view now generally discredited.

61 15 confitures au musc: 'preserves perfumed with musk.'

61 19 se faisait des mines: 'made grimaces to herself.'

61 23 avait tout le temps de: 'had plenty of time to.'

62 2 la ville européenne: the part of the city inhabited by Europeans, as distinguished from la ville haute 37 27, the Moorish quarter.

62 9 on ne peut plus satisfait: 'perfectly satisfied', lit. 'one cannot (be) more satisfied.'

62 12 il suffisait d'un regard: 'a glance was enough', cf. il suffit d'un képi (77 15) 'a military cap is enough.'

62 14 Circe. 'Circe,' the enchantress, who by means of a potion transformed the companions of Ulysses into swine (Odyssey x).

62 21 se trouvaient être: 'proved to be', cf. note to 13 22.

62 24 tous: pronoun, for pronunciation cf. note to 20 13.

62 26 lui gagnaient son argent: 'won his money from him.'

62 29 le Prophète: Mohammed It is common in European literature to represent Mohammedans as paying to Mohammed the same sort of worship as Catholics pay to the highest saints. Cf. note to 83 8.

62 31 leur ... et: 'their white housetop which', lit. 'their terrace ... which acted as roof to the house and' Terrasse is any artificial level place for spending time outdoors, whether a terrace or a flat roof such as characterizes Oriental architecture, cf. the less familiar meanings of terrace in English.

63 1 en s'échelonnant: 'in tiers', cf. 4 13.

63 4 s'égrenait ... ciel: 'was diffused gently note by note through the sky.' Égrener = 'to strip' grain from the head, grapes from the bunch--minaret: the tower of a mosque. See next note.

63 5 muezzin: an officer of a Mohammedan mosque who calls the faithful to prayer by crying from the top of the minaret. Since the minaret is high and from the top the muezzin has a view of the roofs of the houses where the Mohammedan women spend a great deal of the time, blind men are sought for this office--découpant ... dans: 'his white shadow standing out against.'

63 6 chantant la gloire d'Allah: cf. note to 92 1.

63 12 une sainte Thérèse d'Orient: 'an oriental St Theresa' St-Theresa (1515-1582) was one of Spain's greatest mystic poets.

63 chapter heading On ... Tarascon. 'our Tarascon correspondent writes us.'

63 17 Par: cf. note to 10 22.

63 18 tout seulet: 'in solitary ease' Seulet, fem seulette, diminutive of seul (cf. note to 33 27) The masculine is rarely used.

63 19 en spartene: 'of esparto cloth,' woven from esparto, a Spanish grass much used in the manufacture of mats, baskets, hats, ropes, etc.

63 20 cédrats: 'cedrats,' an especially fragrant citron (not melon).

63 21 balin-balan: Provençal, 'swaying.'

63 22 s'en allait: cf. note to 17 4.

63 27 Hé! monstre de sort: cf. note to 1 12--on dirait monsieur Tartarin: transl. 'if that doesn't look like Mr Tartarin!'

64 2 sur la porte de. = sur la terrasse de transl. 'in front of.' Tables are spread on the sidewalk in front of French restaurants and cafes in fine weather.

64 4 He! adieu: cf. note to 13 7.

64 6 le voilà parti à rire: 'he burst out laughing.'

64 9 Qué: Provençal for quel.

64 11 Marco: a Provençal feminine noun, hence o instead of a Marca.

64 15 D'où sortez-vous donc: 'where under the sun do you come from?' (that you are so credulous).

64 18 qui s'allongeait: cf. note to 55 7.

64 20 Mettons: 'let's say.'

64 21 voyez-vous: 'see here.'

64 24 sa moue: cf. 3 11-14, 39 10.

64 27 faire dire: cf. note to 7 25--au pays: 'at home' Pays = native 'country,' 'province,' or 'district.' La France (la Provence, Tarascon) est mon pays. Cf. note to 1 16.

64 28 collègue: = Provençal coulego 'colleague,' 'comrade.'

64 30 quelques pipes: 'a few pipefuls'--vous fera du bien: 'will do you good', contrast ferez bien without du, line 22.

65 4 jurons du cru: 'oaths of his native land', cf. note to 26 6.

65 5 là-has: 'over there' in Provence.

65 11 lui sauta aux yeux: cf. note to 12 25.

65 14 n'a ... depuis: 'has not been heard from for', lit. 'has not given of his news since.'

65 15 Qu'est devenu: 'what has become of?' lit. 'what has become?' Cf. note to 93 7.

65 23 Tombouctou: 'Timbuktu,' the most famous city of central Africa, a French possession since 1893, in Tartarin's time only three Europeans had ever reached it, and one of these was killed two days after he left the city.

65 24 garde: subjunctive.

66 6 Le temps d'inspecter ... et l'intrépide: transl. 'only a moment to inspect ... and the bold.'

66 7 écrire deux mots: = écrire un mot 'to write a line.'

66 10 la route de Blidah: 'the Blidah road.' Blidah is a city about twenty five miles southwest of Algiers. On de cf. note to 1 5.

66 12 babouches: Turkish slippers, made of colored leather, without heels--défroque: 'cast offs', properly, the possessions which a monk leaves behind at his death, then, by extension, what is abandoned disdainfully.

66 13 trèfles: 'trefoils,' an ornamental foliation consisting of three divisions, or foils (architectural term).

67 2 gros bleu: = bleu foncé, 'dark blue.'

67 4 moxas: 'blisters.' The word moxa (originally Japanese) in English or French means a wad of cottony substance laid on any part of the body and set on fire for the purpose of counter irritation, its use is now out of date. In French the word may also mean the burn thus produced on the skin.

67 5 rotonde: properly, 'rotunda,' a round building surmounted by a cupola; then, also, the 'back compartment' of a stage coach.

67 1 dut se contenter de: 'had to content himself with'; cf. 80 14, 88 14. See note to 2 10.

67 10 Il y avait de tout un peu: = il y avait un peu de tout. Il y avait de tout has about the same meaning--trappiste: 'Trappist' (monk). The abbey of La Trappe, from which this austere order takes its name, was founded in 1140 in the department of the Orne (northwestern France).

67 12 Orléansville: a city on the Sheliff, a hundred and thirty miles southwest of Algiers.--si charmante ... que fût la compagnie: 'however charming the company was.' Cf. note to 4 6.

67 13 n'était pas en train de: 'was not in the mood for.' Cf. je ne suis pas en train de travailler 'I don't feel like working,' je suis en train de travailler (cf. 18 4) 'I am (busy) working.'

67 15 brassière: the 'arm-strap' of the carriage; more commonly, the strap by which a knapsack or similar article is held.

68 8 les flancs ... qui se plaignaient: cf. note to 55 1.

68 10 vieille fée: read "Les Fées de France" in "Contes du lundi."

68 18 Joncquières (usually spelled Jonquières), Bellegarde: small towns across the river from Tarascon, on the road to Nîmes.

68 19 remis: more colloquial than reconnu.

68 20 du corps que vous avez pris: 'of the flesh you have taken on.'

68 21 coquin de bon sort: cf. note to 1 12.

68 24 Mais enfin: 'But, tell me.'

68 27 gré: a noun, 'liking,' used almost exclusively in prepositional phrases (de bon gré 'willingly,' à son gré 'to his liking,' and the like; cf. malgré) and in savoir gré à quelqu'un 'to be grateful to a person': je lui sais gré de m'avoir aidé. Latin gratum 'that which is pleasing.'

68 31 réactionnaires: 'reactionary.' This word means little to an American, but France has constantly been talking, more or less seriously, of reactions to previously existing states of affairs, as from republic to monarchy.

68 32 à mener: cf. à lire 10 22--une vie de galère: 'the life of (such as one leads on) a galley,' 'a galley-slave's life', cf. note to 1 5.

68 33 chemins de fer algériens: there were no railroads in Algeria when Daudet visited it in 1861, but between this year and 1872, when "Tartarin" appeared, several hundred miles of tracks had been constructed.

69 2 que je le regrette: 'how I long for it.' Regretter = 'to regret,' 'to regret the loss or the absence of' a thing, hence 'to long for' a thing. For the anticipatory le cf. note to 32 5.

69 4 il fallait me voir: cf. note to 24 3.

69 5 vernissées a neuf: 'varnished so that they shone like new.'

69 8 sur l'air de: 'to the tune of.'--Lagadigadeou (pronounce dèou): the refrain of Desanat's version of Tarascon's most popular song may be translated as follows: Lagadigadeou, la Tarasque--La Tarasque du Château--Un air de lagadeou--Qui résonne (resounds) à tout rompre (cf. note to 2 2) avec son tapage. Notre-Dame du Château is a place of pilgrimage near Tarascon. Lagadigadeou is meanmgless. For the Tarasque cf. note to 3 25. For this song as a Provençal carter's song, see F. Gras, "The Terror," ch xxxiii.

69 9 que: cf. note to 5 1.

69 10 jetant d'un tour de bras: 'throwing with a swing'; of à tour de bras 'with all one's might'; cf. note to 51 20.

69 12 allume: exclamation serving to encourage horses: 'quick, now!'

69 15 détaler: the opposite of étaler (cf. note to 37 22), = 'to bring in goods exposed for sale,' 'to shut up shop,' and figuratively, in familiar discourse, 'to dash away,' 'scurry along'; cf. 94 13.--grande route royale: 'king's highway.'

69 17 bornes kilométriques: 'milestones' or rather 'kilometer-stones.' --ses petits tas ... espacés: 'its little heaps of stones at regular intervals'; broken stone for repairing the road.

69 21 maires: 'mayors,' presiding officers of communes (cf. note to 17 14).

69 22 préfet ... evêque: Nîmes is the chief city of the department (cf. note to 17 14) of the Gard, and therefore the seat of the prefect. It is also the seat of a bishop.

69 23 mazet: Provençal diminutive of mas; = 'little country house.' --collégiens: 'schoolboys.' The French collège (also the lycée) carries students from the beginning of their studies through a course which corresponds roughly to that completed in the second year of the American college.

69 24 tout frais rasés du matin: 'all (adverb, = quite) freshly shaved that morning.'

69 25 vous ... casquettes: transl. 'all of you gentlemen, the caphunters.'

69 27 la vôtre: i.e. votre romance, cf. pages 6-7.

69 30 Bédouins: nomadic Arabs in northern Africa and Arabia.

69 32 tout cela: cf. note to 55 28.

69 33 auquel ... rien: cf. je ne comprends rien à tout cela 'I don't understand any of that.'

70 1 On me plaint: 'they begrudge me.'

70 5 brancards: a stage-coach has no shafts. Brancards is used also for the two pieces of wood which connect the fore and after carriages of a vehicle, transl. 'body.' Daudet may mean simply 'pole.'

70 6 tenez! lit. 'hold!' An exclamation whose force varies greatly; transl. here 'just see that!'

70 8 gouvernement: 'seat of government', cf. note to 42 1.

70 9 plus rien: cf. note to 13 1.

70 10 lentisques: 'mastic trees,' small trees growing in the Mediterranean countries, producing a resin which is used in the manufacture of paints.

70 14 champoreau: a warm drink, coffee with a copious admixture of brandy, popular among the Europeans in Africa.

70 21 une cour de caravansérail: cf. note to 1 5. A caravansary is a building for the lodging of caravans. See "Le Caravansérail" in "Contes du lundi."

70 29 kousskouss: (couscous): meat cooked with flour, the national dish of the Arabs according to Daudet, "Paysages gastronomiques" in "Contes du lundi."

71 2 une place de jolie sous-préfecture: 'the square of a pretty little city,' 'the square of a pretty city about the size of a subprefecture'; cf. note to 17 14. For the construction cf. note to 1 5.

71 4 de petits soldats de plomb: 'little lead soldiers', cf. note to 1 5. The men drilling looked like lead soldiers when seen through the vitres dépolies par la buée, on account of their stiffness and the dimness of their outline in the early morning light.

71 7 ne sentait pas encore le lion: 'did not savor of lions yet', cf. cela sent le camphre 'that smells of camphor.'

71 8 Plus au sud: not negative; cf. note to 13 1.

71 13 grosse comme le poing: 'as big as your fist.'

71 14 haute de cinq doigts: cf. notes to 26 5 and 42 23. --serviette: a kind of 'portfolio' widely used in France by public officials, professors, and others, for carrying papers and books.

71 15 notaire: the position of the French notaire is more dignified than that of our 'notary', he performs some of the functions of the American lawyer.

71 20 regardait toujours Tartarin: cf. note to 11 12.

71 21 prit la mouche: transl. 'took offense.' Prendre la mouche = 'to seize the fly,' 'to seize a slight occasion for becoming angry,' 'to become vexed easily.'

71 26 leur gaine: cf. note to 29 11.

72 17 Et toute la diligence de rire: 'and the whole stage coach laughed', cf. the Latin historical infinitive, used in place of the perfect. In French this infinitive is always preceded by de and the clause is almost always introduced by et, là dessus, or a similar word. --trois cheveux de Cadet-Roussel: the popular song called Cadet-Roussel, 'Young Roussel,' was composed on the basis of a local song by a soldier in the Northern Army of the revolutionary forces about 1792. Cadet Roussel has three houses, three coats, three hats, three hairs (two for his face, one for his wig, and when he goes to see his lady he gathers the three into a braid), three dogs, and so on.

72 21 Terrible profession que la vôtre: understand (c'est une) terrible profession que la vôtre (est); cf. note to 21 19.

72 23 Bombonnel (d. 1890): undertook to free North Africa of panthers.

72 27 Té! ... connais: 'what! know him? I should say so!' For té cf. note to 13 7. Pardi is a euphemism (really a dialectal form) for pardieu; cf. parbleu, 47 6.

73 3 Tout juste! 'exactly!' cf. note to 83 5.

73 15 ce qu'il en est: 'how matters stand.' On en cf. note to 8 19.

73 20 Chassaing (Jacques, 1821-1871): hunter of lions and panthers.

73 24 qu'est-ce que c'est donc que ... ? 'what, pray, is ... ?' disdainful; cf. 55 28.

73 27 Milianah: a city in the Zakkar mountains, about seventy-five miles southwest of Algiers. A comparison of the story of Tartarin's adventures at Milianah with the pages on that city in "Lettres de mon moulin" will show how many details have been borrowed from the notes Daudet took down during his stay in Algeria.

73 30 à regarder ... s'il: 'looking (to see) if', cf. note to 10 22.

74 4 loyal: 'honest.'

74 11 A quoi bon ... ? 'what (was) the good of ... ?' Latin cui bono?

74 16 train de derrière: 'hind quarters,' train de devant = 'fore quarters,' of an animal; properly applied only to an animal harnessed to a vehicle.

74 17 Qu'est-ce ... plus? colloquial construction; transl. 'what under the sun (donc) did they mean by telling me there were none left?'

74 26 promenaient: note the active use of this verb, cf. monter 41 28.

74 27 Savoyard ... marmotte: the 'marmot' is a rodent inhabiting the Alps, related to the American woodchuck and prairie dog. Savoyards traveling through France with marmots remind one of our Italian organ-grinders with their monkeys. Cf. note to 1 8.

74 28 Le sang ... tour: 'the Tarasconian's blood boiled', lit. 'made only one turn.'

75 2 Au zouge de paix: '(take him) to the justice of the peace' (juge de paix).

75 3 nuit: he was blind.

75 12 Sitôt votre lettre reçue: 'as soon as I received your letter,' = aussitôt que votre lettre fut reçue.

75 14 ventre à terre: 'at full speed'; so fast that the horses' bodies (almost) touched the ground.

75 16 donc: render by emphasis on auxiliary: 'what have you done?'

75 18 Que voulez-vous? cf. note to 61 4.--De voir: cf. note to 31 20.

76 3 Ce qui me va: 'what suits (pleases) me', cf. ça vous va-t-il? (91 3) 'does that suit you?'--en matière de conclusion = en manière de conclusion 'to bring the affair to a conclusion,' 'by way of conclusion.'

76 4 n'en déplaise à mons Bombonnel: 'may it not displease Mr. Bombonnel,' 'with Mr Bombonnel's leave.' Mons (the o is nasalized and the s is pronounced) is used contemptuously for Monsieur.

76 7 battre la plaine: 'beat the plain' (to rouse game); cf. note to 10 5--Chéliff: most important river in Algeria, over 370 miles long.

76 8 Auriez-vous: cf. note to 15 chapter heading.

76 24 tuyas: any trees closely related to the arbor-vitae or American white cedar, here 'sandarac trees.'--caroubiers: cf. note to 33 19.

76 27 Liban: 'Lebanon,' in Syria, formerly famous for its cedar forests with their far-reaching odors and its many streams, see the Song of Solomon, iv, 8, 11, 15.

77 1 brodées au fil d'argent: 'embroidered with silver thread.'

77 2 un faux air de: cf. note to 56 27.

77 12 tout son monde: 'all its servants'; cf. note to 54 7.

77 14 pas n'est besoin: for il n'est pas besoin 'there is no need.'

77 15 Il suffit d'un képi: cf. note to 62 12.

77 17 la toque de Gessler: 'Gessler's cap.' Gessler is the Austrian governor of Swltzerland who figures in the story of William Tell. The Swiss were forced to salute his cap, which was placed on a pole.

77 18 allait son train: 'went on its way.' Train = 'gait.'

77 23 bureau arabe: 'Arab office,' the French bureau for the Administration of affairs concerning the natives.--au bon frais: strengthened form of au frais 'in the fresh air.'

77 25 crut à un coup de main: 'thought it was an uprising'; cf. 94 27. Coup de main = 'surprise,' 'sudden attack.'--fit baisser: cf. note to 7 25.

77 26 mit ... en état de siège: 'proclaimed martial law in the city.'

78 2 se sauva ... jambes: 'ran away into the Zakkar as fast as he could.' For the Zakkar (a part of the Little Atlas) see note to 73 27.

78 4 ombre trouée: 'broken shade'; the light found its way in places through the foliage of the tree.

78 8 précisément: 'quite opportunely', cf. note to 83 5.

78 15 Comment voulez-vous ... ? 'how do you suppose ... ?'

78 18 Si maigre ... paraisse: cf. note to 4 6.

78 21 Demandez plutôt: cf. 44 1.

78 23 mouci: for monsieur.

78 31 coup d'oeil: 'looks'; cf. note to 54 12.--ne feraient pas très bien: 'would not do very well.'

79 1 Tant que vous en voudrez: 'as many as you like', note the future.

79 3 à quelques kilomètres: cf. note to 18 25.

79 11 pendus à: 'hanging from.'

79 15 une mesure à blé: 'a wheat measure', une mesure de blé 'a measure (full) of wheat.' Cf. 2 6.--des Kabyles qui s'éventrent autour: 'Kabyles slashing each other with knives (lit. cutting each other open) around it'; cf. notes to 55 7 (qui), 7 2 (se), 1 6 (autour).

79 16 une joie: = une joie! ...; cf. un Teur! ... 32 4, and note to 15 21.

79 17 se noyer: 'get drowned,' not 'drown himself.'

79 20 Par exemple: 'as luck would have it'; cf. note to 11 24.

79 23 tête de bédouin: 'Bedouin-like head'; cf. note to 1 5. This is a good example of Daudet's skill in finding striking simularities: the Bédouin (cf. note to 69 30) has a long, narrow head.

79 27 Toujours la folie orientale! 'his craze about things oriental was still with him!'

79 30 tout en haut = tout à fait en haut, cf. note to 47 11.

80 1 jambes à noeuds: 'knotty legs.'

80 8 étoupe: aptly characterizes the hair of a camel's hump.

80 10 Va te promener! cf. note to 48 11.

80 13 six cent mille dents: each Arab had 150 teeth! Which goes to show that Daudet himself was born not far from Tarascon. But it is to be remembered that six cent mille is sometimes used merely to indicate a very large number, like English "thousands of."

80 14 dut: cf. note to 67 7.

80 19 devant: devant for avant, auparavant, is obsolete except in certain locutions such as comme devant.

80 25 douar: 'douar,' an Arab village, composed of tents arranged with more or less regularity.--plaine du Cheliff: the broad part of the Sheliff basin is in the half desert plateau between the Great Atlas and the Little Atlas. The picture which follows is interesting, it is overdrawn, however, since Algeria never was, and certainly is not today, as bad as Daudet paints it.

80 27 se compliquent d': 'are complicated by (the addition of).'

80 28 Zouzou: military slang for zouave.

81 1 le sergent La Ramée, le brigadier Pitou: popular names for the French soldier, the English "Tommy Atkins."

81 3 su: 'known how,' 'been able.'

81 5 bachagas: 'bashagas' (Turkish for 'head agas' or 'heads of agas,' cf. note to 82 5), native chiefs of districts.--se mouchent ... Légion d'honneur: 'gravely use their insignia of the Legion of Honor as handkerchiefs.' Like much in "Tartarin de Tarascon," this detail was extracted from the memorandum books which Daudet carried during his Algerian travels, again in "Un Décoré du 15 août" ("Contes du lundi") he declares that he repeatedly saw the grand cordon used for the purpose here mentioned. The Legion of Honor was established by Napoleon (then first consul) in 1802. The insignia are a wide red ribbon from which is suspended a five-pointed cross.

81 7 font bâtonner: cf. note to 7 25.

81 8 cadis: 'cadis,' judges under Mohammedan law.

81 9 tartufes du Coran et de la loi: 'hypocritical respecters of Religion and Law.' Tartufe is the hypocrite in Moliere's play of that name, the word is now used as a common noun to designate a person who pretends to be devout. The Coran (Koran) is the Holy Book of the Mohammedans, containing the revelations of Mohammed.--quinze août: 'August 15,' Napoleon's birthday, now superseded by July 14, the national holiday, as the day on which the decorations of the Legion of Honor are distributed. Read "Un Décoré du quinze août," referred to in note to 81 5

81 12 kousskouss au sucre: 'sweetened couscous'--caïds 'caids,' Mohammedan military chiefs.

81 13 un général Yusuf quelconque 81. 'some General Yusuf or other' Joseph Vantini (1810-1866), of Italian birth, was a French officer who played an active part in the conquest of Algeria Yusuf (in French spelling, Yousouf) is the Arabic form of the name Joseph.

81 19 maquis: ordinarily used only of the Corsican 'maquis', extensive areas overgrown with an almost impenetrable tangle of brushwood --le grenier de la France: the words of the enthusiastic promoters of Algerian colonization Algeria's famous grain producing region does not extend farther inland than one hundred miles, and does not include the part which Tartarin was now traversing.

81 25 sauterelles enragées cf. note to 24 23.--mangent jusqu'aux rideaux 'eat the very curtains', cf.85 17.

81 26 en train de boire 'drinking', cf. note to 18 4.

81 30 tout entier à 'engrossed in'.

81 31 allait droit devant lui 'went straight ahead'.

82 3 dans les tribus: 'in the (camps of the) tribes'.

82 5 agas: 'agas' The aga was formerly a great military chief in

Turkey, now the title is merely one of respect given to village magnates.

82 6 narghilés etc i.e. articles of the Orient and of the Occident.

82 1 Smyrne: 'Smyrna,' important seaport in Asiatic Turkey, on the Aegean Sea, famous for its rugs and silks--lampes-modérateur more precisely lampes à modérateur, 'moderator lamps' A moderator is an instrument for governing the movement of machines, here, "a mechanical contrivance by which the passage of the oil from the reservoir to the burner is regulated or moderated to a uniform flow" (Oxford Dict).

82 8 sequins: 'sequins,' an old gold coin of variable value, usually worth about $2 25, formerly issued by the Venetian republic (zecchino) and largely used in the Levant.

82 9 pendules à sujets, style Louis-Philippe 'clocks adorned with figures in the Louis Philippe style' Louis Philippe was king of France from 1830 to 1848.

82 10 diffas: 'diffas,' among the Arabs of Africa receptions and feasts offered to men of rank The fantasia is an Arab equestrian Exhibition.

82 11 goums 'goums,' armed contingents supplied by Algerian tribes for the French army, and commanded by French officers.

82 15 Pont-Neuf: this 'New Bridge' is the oldest of the many which span the Seine in Paris. It was completed in 1604 by Henry IV, and figures in many legends of old Paris. C'est vieux comme le Pont-Neuf has become a proverb.

82 20 faisant frrt! 'saying sst! (scat!).'

82 23 vers les six heures: = vers six heures. Cf. note to 23 16.

83 3 Plus de doute: cf. note to 13 1.

83 5 tout juste: = précisément 78 8, cf. 73 3.

83 8 ex-voto: (sing. and pl. alike), 'ex-votos,' 'votive offerings'; an offering made in fulfillment of a vow. Latin ex voto; cf. Horace, Odes, I, v. The worship of saints in Mohammedan countries (where it ranks as a superstition rather than as orthodox religion) is mainly confined to the saint's tomb, or reputed tomb.

83 12 s'y refusa: = se refusa à cela (cf. note to 2 29); 'refused to consent.'--tenait à: 'insisted upon.' Tenir à faire quelque chose = 'to desire strongly to do a thing,' 'to be determined to do a thing'; tenir à quelque chose = 'to care greatly for a thing.'

83 16 Ceci fait: 'this done.'

83 31 pas de velours: 'velvet steps,' 'soft steps.'

84 1 qu'on égorge: 'having their throats cut.'

84 3 Tartarin l'était: 'Tartarin was' (it, that is, ému); cf. note to chose = 'to 25 18.

84 7 en train: cf. note to 67 13.

84 9 encore: cf. note to 18 31.

84 10 tint bon: 'held his ground'; cf. note to 27 16.

84 14 se replie ... marabout: 'retreats as fast as he can to the marabout.' For à toutes jambes cf. 78 2.

84 17 hydres: the Hydra of classical mythology was a water serpent with many heads, each of which, when cut off, was replaced immediately by two new ones.

64 18 A moi: 'help!'

84 23 filer: here, 'scamper off.' Filer = 'to spin' (yarn), 'to uncoil,' and colloquially 'to take to one's heels,' 'to race'; cf. 88 27, 94 9.

85 2 au petit jour: 'at early dawn'; au grand jour 'in full daylight.'--qu'il: cf. note to 5 1.

85 6 chameau à bosse simple: 'one-humped camel,' dromadaire 93 6.

85 9 le Christ: pronounced [krist]; always with the article (the Anointed).

85 10 Gethsémani: in the words douta, pleurer, Daudet refers to Christ's moral and physical recoil at Gethsemane. A Frenchman is not offended as we are by the flippancy of this reference to one of the supreme moments of Christ's life. Cf. De Vigny's "Le Mont des Oliviers."

85 13 d'en face: 'in front of him'; cf. 90 20.

85 17 jusqu'aux pantoufles: made 'even the slippers' shake; of 81 25.

85 19 Seul: while all trembled, Tartarin 'alone' did not.

86 1 Mahom: the most usual form of the name 'Mohammed' during the Middle Ages; retained, for effect, in the oath par Mahom.--l'échappa belle: 'had a narrow escape'; cf. note to 8 18.

86 3 si ... n'avait envoyé: note the omission of pas after the conjunction si; cf. note to 36 16.

86 7 l'homme à la plaque: 'the man with the badge,' the rural policeman.

86 14 processive: (of procès, 'lawsuit'), 'litigious.'--avocassière: 'pettifogging'; avocat = 'lawyer,' avocasser = 'to practice law' (always in a depreciatory sense, cf. bonasse 3 13).

86 15 la judiciaire ... se tripote: 'the dubious (lit. 'squinting') judicial system which is cooked up', cf. note to 5 23.

86 16 la bohème des gens de loi: 'the legal Bohemia.' Gypsies were supposed to have come from Bohemia; consequently any persons who lead an irregular life are called Bohemians. Thus, for example, the Latin Quarter of Paris, inhabited largely by artists and students, is called the "Bohemian Quarter."

86 18 sauterelles: cf. note to 24 23.

86 19 papier timbré: 'stamped paper.' A government revenue stamp, either printed on the paper (papier timbré) or affixed, must accompany French legal and commercial documents. Timbre-poste, masculine, = 'postage stamp.'

86 20 tiges de ses bottes: the locusts, sauterelles (1 18), eat a Plant jusqu'à la tige; Daudet is punning here on the two meanings of tige, 'stalk' of a plant, 'leg' of a boot.--déchiqueté ... maïs: 'stripped like a stalk of corn,' of whose foliage the locusts leave nothing but midribs and hanging fibers.

86 27 silo: a pit for storing grain. Since Goffart's work on the ensilage of green crops, published in 1877, the word has become familiar in America, our silo for green crops being usually above ground. As a punishment in the French army in Algeria, men (sometimes more of them than could lie down on the bottom of the pit) were put into a pit and kept there while filth accumulated around them.

87 2 sans (compter) les frais: 'plus the costs.'

87 3 piastres: 'dollars,' the Spanish coin also called douro (note to 48 21); Frenchmen in America sometimes call the American dollar a piastre, piastre also means the Turkish piaster (4.4 American cents).

87 5 judiciaires: 'judiciary'; i.e., offered to the judges.

87 7 au détail: 'piecemeal'; cf. vendre en (au) détail 'to sell at retail'; en gros 'wholesale.'

87 10 y passèrent: 'went by the same road'; i.e., were sold.

87 12 cochinchinoises: 'from Cochin China,' a part of Indo-China, at the south of the Siam peninsula, a French colony since its conquest in 1859-1867.

87 16 ce qu'il advint de: 'what became of.' Advenir is used only impersonally.

87 19 payer la diligence: 'pay for (his place in) the stage coach.'

87 20 encore: 'after all.'

87 21 d'un placement difficile: 'hard to dispose of.'

87 25 sur: the definitive edition also prints sur here; sous would seem to be the correct reading, cf. 66 13. It is possible that the reference here is to figures worked into the pavement.

87 28 par (oftener à) petites journées: 'by short stages.' Journée = a day's march,' the original meaning of Engl. journey.

87 30 s'était ... inexplicable: 'had conceived an inexplicable fancy for his master.' Se prendre d'amitié pour quelqu'un = 'to take a liking; to a person.'

87 32 ne ... semelle: 'never more than a foot behind him,' lit. 'not leaving him by (the length of) the sole of a shoe.' For de cf. note to 42 25.

88 2 à toute épreuve = à l'épreuve de tout 'proof against anything.'

88 3 d'autant que (for d'autant plus que): 'so much the more that,' 'especially because.'--rien: 'nothing '; cf. note to 13 1. Il ne se nourrissait avec rien would mean 'he did not nourish himself with anything,' the introduction of ne bringing the negation to bear upon the verb.

88 7 il lui en voulut de: cf. note to 36 10.

88 8 oie bridée: 'bridled goose' and figuratively 'ninny.' A feather is sometimes passed through the nostrils of a goose or a gosling (oison bridé) to prevent it from escaping through hedges. The ridiculous appearance which the fowl presents gives use to the figurative meaning. Cf. Rabelais's judge Bridoie and Beaumarchais's Brid'oison. --le prit en grippe: 'took a dislike to him'; grippe formerly meant 'whim,' 'fancy.'

88 16 huit grands jours: 'a whole week.' Huit jours = 'a week,' quinze jours = 'a fortnight.'

88 20 biskris: 'Biskran porters.' Biskra is a city in Algeria, at the edge of the Sahara. Many Biskrans settle in the coast cities, especially Algiers, where they obtain employment as porters; hence, biskri = 'porter.' The Arabic suffix -i corresponds to the English -an or -ite.

88 22 la patience lui échappa: 'he lost all patience'; cf. note to 4 24.

89 2 Le jour tombait: we say 'night was falling'; cf. la nuit tombait.

44 16, and à la tombée de la nuit 53 11.

89 4 des bruits de verres: 'clinking of glasses.'

89 6 qui chantait: 'singing'; cf. note to 55 7.

89 9 Tron de Diou: = tonnerre de Dieu (cf. note to 38 31), a strong oath; 'by the thunder of heaven!'

89 13 tambourins: 'drums.' The Provençal and Algerian tambourin is a drum higher than it is wide. Tambour 90 1 = tambourin. Cf. note to 53 15.

89 29 Digo-li ... moun bon! = dis-lui qu'il vienne, mon bon; 'just tell him to come on, old fellow'; a Provençal challenge.

89 30 du premier (scil. étage): 'of the second floor.' The first floor of a French house is called the rez-de-chaussée.

90 2 marseillais: 'dialect of Marseilles.' Not only did she know French, but even Tartarin's own dialect. The Provençal language comprises many dialects; that of Tarascon does not differ greatly from that of Marseilles.

90 3 Quand je vous disais: 'what did I tell you about ...?'

90 9 s'est ... sac: 'let himself be caught red-handed'; cf. note to 7 25.

90 11 à l'ombre: 'in prison' (lit. 'in the shade'), slang.--maison centrale: prison to which prisoners who have been condemned to more than one year of detention are sent; transl. 'jail.'

90 12 tenez! 'hold!' 'let me see!' Cf. note to 70 6.

90 14 C'est donc ça: colloquial for c'est donc pour ça, 'that's why.'--ne ... ville: cf. 57 1-6.

90 17 sans quoi: 'otherwise,' lit. 'without which.'

90 18 votre histoire avec le muezzin: cf. the passage beginning 63 3.

90 20 d'en face: 'over there,' 'across the way'; cf. note to 85 13.

90 23 faisait des declarations (d'amour): 'made love declarations.'

90 26 c'est: cf. note to 44 7.

90 28 eut ... philosophe: 'made the gesture of a philosopher' (cf. note to 1 5); shrugged his shoulders.

90 29 si vous m'en croyez: 'if you'll take my advice.' En is redundant, cf. note to 8 19.

91 1 Qu'à cela ne tienne! 'that makes no difference!'

91 3 ça vous va-t-il: cf. note to 76 3.

91 5 croustade: a sort of 'pie' with a very crisp crust--sans Rancune lit. 'without rancor', transl. 'forget your ill will.'

91 10 fort avant dans: 'far on into.'

91 11 trois heures du matin: the regular hours for the muezzin's call are daylight hours, but two calls in the night are also made for the benefit of such pious persons as may be awake.

91 12 accompagner: i.e. to his lodging.

91 14 vengeance: Tartarin's vengeance is a delightful bit of humor.

91 16 monta encore: 'ascended still higher.'

91 21 Mostaganem: a city on the Mediterranean, west of Algiers.

91 25 curé: it is amusing to hear Tartarin apply the title of the respected French parish priest to the rascally muezzin. At home Tartarin would address the priest as monsieur le curé.

92 1 La Allah il Allah: French transliteration of the Arabic words with which the Mohammedan confession of faith, 'There is no god but God, and Mohammed is God's messenger,' begins. Both parts of this confession of faith, especially the first part, are repeated more than once in the muezzin's regular call. The first part is misquoted in various forms, as here, by Europeans who have been confused by the series of sounds. Note that Tartarin not only echoes the sound of this part, but parodies its sense in lines 3-4--farceur: 'fraud.'

92 3 viédaze: a Provençal word, used of persons, = 'a good for nothing,' of things, = 'a trifle.' Here 'isn't worth a straw.'

92 4 carotteurs: 'pikers' Jouer la carotte = to stake little (e.g. a carrot) in a game. Tirer la carotte à quelqu'un = to get a small sum out of a person by making him believe some hoax. Note the play on words in Teurs, carotteurs.

92 9 derniers: believers are few even in the upper part of the city (cf. note to 37 27).

92 15 La culasse: we should use the plural in English. Note this peculiarity of French style, cf. la face des soldats était couverte de sueur 'the soldiers' faces were covered with sweat.' Cf. note to 29 11, and 92 12.

92 16 canons turcs: cf. note to 40 17. These old cannon are set in the pavement of the quay as posts for the mooring of ships and for similar uses.

92 24 A peine vient-il de sauter ... qu': 'scarcely has he leaped when.' A peine reenforces vient de. For the inversion cf. note to 5 32.

93 5 en carton peint: 'of painted pasteboard,' i.e. counterfeit.

93 6 dromadaire: the word is here used correctly according to the Academy's dictionary, which makes dromadaire a name of the one humped species of camel. According to more exact usage a dromedary is a high bred camel for special speed, usually of the one humped species but not necessarily so, in this sense Tartarin's beast can hardly claim the name.

93 7 que devenir: lit. 'what to become', transl. 'what to do with myself' Cf. 65 15.

93 8 Ne nous quittons plus: 'let us part no more' Cf. note to 7 2.

93 15 s'élançant a corps perdu: 'hurling himself headlong,' desperately.

93 16 de conserve: 'in consort' (with the captain's row boat). Conserve in the sense of 'the action of preserving' survives only in this nautical expression, naviguer de conserve.--'to sail in consort' (used of ships which sail together so as to help one another).

93 18 col: = cou, used in this sense only in certain fixed expressions, ordinarily = 'collar.'--en éperon de trirème: 'like (cf. note to 5 20) the beak of a trireme.' Eperon ordinarily means 'spur.' The ancient trireme was a galley with three banks of oars.

93 19 viennent ensemble se ranger: 'come to draw up together,' 'draw up together', cf. 55 8.--aux flancs du: 'alongside.' Note the plural flancs, cf. à ses côtés 37 26.

93 21 A la fin: 'I tell you.'

93 22 à mon bord: 'aboard.' A bord d'un vaisseau = 'on board a ship.'

93 23 j'en ... zoologique: 'I will present him to the Zoological Garden.'

93 29 fût: subjunctive with non pas que.

93 33 afficher: 'make a show of', lit. 'to post'(affiches 'placards')

94 1 mettait le nez: 'stuck his nose,' looked out.

94 9 un wagon de troisième classe: 'a third-class car.' In French trains there are cars of first, second, and third classes, the third being the cheapest. The cars were until recently divided into compartments from each of which a door (portiere) opened upon the station platform. These doors were provided with windows--filant bon train sur: 'making rapidly for', cf. note to 84 23.

94 11 aux portières: 'at the door Windows', cf. note to 94 9.

94 13 détalait: cf. note to 69 15.

94 14 eu pleine Crau: 'in the heart of (cf. 2 2) the Crau.' The Crau is a vast, arid plain extending from the lower Rhone eastward. The stones which cover this plain are fabled to have been showered down by Jupiter to aid Hercules in his battle with the giant Albion.--lui tenant pied: 'keeping up with it.'

94 15 rencoigna: an old spelling of rencogna. The word is etymologically connected with coin; cf. English (Shakespearean) 'coign.'

94 19 Pas le sou: 'penniless'; je n'ai pas le sou = 'I haven't a cent.'

94 21 Tarascon! for the electrifying sonorousness of this call cf. note to 1 1.

94 27 il croyait à: 'he thought it was'; cf. note to 77 25.

94 29 sympathique: 'friendly'; contains also the ideas of 'sympathetic,' 'congenial,' 'responsive.'

95 4 s'étaient monté la tête: se monter la tête = 'to become greatly excited'; transl. 'had gone wild.'

95 6 dix ... une marmelade de lions: 'ten lions, twenty lions, a mass of lions.' Mettre en marmelade = 'to smash to a jelly'; cf. 12 3.

95 8 de deux heures: cf. note to 42 25.

95 12 descendre à cloche-pied: 'hobble down.' Clocher and marcher à cloche-pied = 'to hop.'

EXERCISES