IS
VOCABULARY
manteau, m., cloak, mantle.
manteaux, plur.; see manteau.
maraude, n., /., marauding, pillage, plundering, aller en maraude, to go marauding, make an excursion for plundering.
marchand, m., merchant, dealer, store-keeper, tradesman, marchand de vin, retail dealer in wine, inn-keeper, tavernkeeper, saloon-keeper, petit marchand, retail dealer, huckster, peddler, hawker.
marche, /., march, walk; step, stair, en marche, on the march, marching, se mettre en marche, to set out, start.
marché, m., market; trade; bargain; treaty, agreement, pardessus le marché, into the bargain. à bon marché, cheap.
marcher, to march, walk; to go, go on, proceed, move on.
mardi, m., Tuesday, mardi gras, Shrove Tuesday.
mare, /., pool, pond.
maréchal, m., marshal.
maréchaussée, /..mounted police, under the monarchy, in France, before the great Revolution; replaced by the gendarmerie, /.
maréchaux, plur.; see maréchal.
Marie, /., Mary. Marie Stuart, see Stuart.
marier, to marry, unite in wedlock, marié, -e, p. part., adj., married.
Marly, m., town near Paris.
marmotter, to mutter, mumble.
marque, n., /., mark, sign, token.
marquer, to mark, note.
marquise, /., marchioness.
martial, -e, martial, warlike.
massacrer, to massacre, butcher, slaughter.
masse, /., mass, bulk.
mât, m., mast, le grand mât, the main-mast.
matelot, m., sailor.
matière, /., matter.
matin, m., morning.
Maubert, la Place . . , a square in Paris.
Maure, m., Moor.
mauvais, -e, bad, ill, evil, wicked.
maux, plur.; see mal, n., m.
me, con], pers. pron., sing., (dir.
obj.) me, (indir. obj.) to me, me, for me, on me, from me, of me; (refl.) myself, etc.; (indir. obj. combined with de}.
arô.-j-n.) =my; (with refl. v., often) o. m'en (before or after v.), me or to me of it; myself or to myself of it.
Médée, /., Medea (Greek mythology).
meilleur, -e, adj., better, le meilleur, la meilleure, the best; son meilleur, sa meilleure, his (her, its) best.
mélange, m., mixture.
mêler, to mix, mingle, mêler à . . , to mix with . . , mingle with . . se mêler, to be mixed ; be mingled; to mix, mingle (intr.); to meddle, se mêler de . . , to meddle with . . or in . . ; to take part in . . ; to have a hand in . . ; to take hold of..
Mélingue, a sculptor and celebrated French actor, 1812-
même, pron. adj., same, very, self, le même feu, the same fire, au centre même, in the very centre, leur nom même, their name itself, their very name. moi-même, myself.
lui-même, himself, itself.
même, adv., even, de même, in the same way, likewise, also.
tout de même, all the same, however, nevertheless.
VOCABULARY
ménag-er, -ère, adj., thrifty, frugal, saving, sparing, careful, ménager de . . , sparing of . . , careful of. .
ménagère, n., /., housekeeper, housewife.
mener (mèn+ mute e), to lead, conduct, bring; to direct, manage.
Menou, French general, 1750-
menteur, m., liar.
menu, adv., small, short, with short steps, trotter menu, see trotter.
menuisier, m., joiner, cabinetmaker; joiner and carpenter.
mer, /., sea.
merci! inter 7., thanks! thank you!
mère, /., mother, grand'mère, /., grandmother. Vierge- Mère, see vierge.
mériter, to deserve, merit.
merveille, /., wonder, marvel.
merveilleu-x, -se, marvelous, wonderful.
mes, poss. adj., plur.; see mon.
mes (marking the pronunciation) =mes, poss. adj., plur.
mes (marking the pronunciation) =mes, poss. adj., plur.
Mésopotamie, la.., /., Mesopotamia, Greek name of an ancient country in Asia, between the Tigris and the Euphrates.
messieurs, m., plur., gentlemen; see monsieur, m., sing.
mesure, /., measure, à mesure que, conj., in proportion as, as.
met, près, ind.; see mettre.
métal, m., metal.
métaux, plur.; see métal.
météore, m., meteor, phenomenon in the atmosphere.
métier, m., trade, craft; calling, profession, une chanson de métier, a popular song per- '
taining to a special trade or craft; song found among people of the same calling.
mettait, descr. p.; see mettre.
mettent, près, ind.; see mettre.
mettre, irr., to put, place, lay; to put on; =to write [dans un billet, in a letter or note], mettre le feu à . . , to set fire to . . , set on fire . . mettre à Pabri de . . , to shelter from . . , protect against. . mettre en déroute, to rout, defeat, overthrow, se mettre à+ inf., to begin to . . se mettre dans . . , to enter; to get into . . , spread in. . se mettre en colère, to get angry, get into a rage, se mettre en marche, to set out, start, se mettre à table, to sit down at table, se mettre dans la tête (se, indir.
obj.), to take [it] into one's head.
mi-, invariable particle, joined to nouns and adjectives, mid, middle, half, mi- fermé, -e, (of vowel sounds) half-close, somewhat less open, é mifermé, see é.
miaulement, m., mewing.
miette, /., crumb, little bit.
mieux, adv., neut. =m., better, le mieux, best, the best.
milice, /., militia.
milieu, m.. middle, midst; society, class of people, au milieu de . . , in the middle (midst) of . . , among.
militaire, adj., military, soldier's, militaire, n.,m.f military man, soldier.
mille, num. adj., invariable, thousand, one thousand, a thousand.
millier, n., m., thousand.
million, n., m., million.
minaret, m., minaret, tower of a mosque.
VOCABULARY
mince, thin, scanty.
mine, /., aspect, mien, appearance, look, looks, homme de mauvaise mine, m., ill-looking man.
minéral, m., mineral.
minéraux, plur.; see minéral.
ministre, m., minister, high officer in whose hands administration of government is placed.
minute, /., minute, minute!
inter j., = attendez une minute! wait! wait a minute!
mirent, narr. p.; see mettre.
mis, -e, p. part.; see mettre.
misérable, adj., wretched, miserable, misérable, n.„ m., wretch, miserable wretch.
misère, /., misery, annoyance, trouble, faire des misères à quelqu'un, to annoy, give trouble to . . , give annoyance to some one.
miséricorde, /., mercy.
mit, narr. p.; see mettre.
mît, p. subjunct.; see mettre.
mitraille, /., grape-shot.
Mme (+ name) = Madame or madame, Mrs.
mn, imitating the muffled noise of words pronounced at a distance and not understood.
mode, /., fashion, à la mode, in the fashion, according to the fashion, fashionably.
modèle, m., model.
modérer, to moderate; to restrain, curb.
moderne, modern.
modification, /., modification.
moelle, /., marrow.
moi, disj. pers. pron., sing., I, me; (after imper., dir. or indir.
obj.) me, to me. moi-même, myself.
moins [de..], adv., neut.=m., less, le moins, least, the least.
moins clairvoyant, -e, less
clear-sighted, le moins clairvoyant, la moins clairvoyante; les moins clairvoyants (clairvoyantes), least or the least clear-sighted, au moins, du moins, at least, tout au moins, at least, at the least.
n'en (or ne). . pas moins. ., nevertheless, yet.
moisson, /., harvest, crop.
moitié (with t = t, not = c), n., /., half, à moitié, half (adv.).
Mole, a famous French actor, 1734-1802.
Molière, the great French comic dramatist, 1622-1673.
moment, ra., moment; time, au moment de + inf. , on the point of.., just as., au moment où . . , the instant that . . , at the moment when. .
mon (m.), ma (/.); mes (plur., m., /.), poss. adj., my. mon, instead of ma, before vowels and mute h.
monarchie, /., monarchy.
monastique, monastic, monastical (of monks and nuns).
monde, m., world; people; company, society; class of people; good society, tout le monde, everybody, du monde, after superl., in the world, toutes les envies du monde, every possible desire, the greatest desire, le plus obligé du monde, see obligé, -e.
monseigneur, m., my lord.
monsieur, m., Sir, Mr., gentleman; messieurs, plur. ..de monsieur, . . of the gentleman, . .of this gentleman, monsieur l'employé! Sir!
clerk !
mont, m., mountain.
montagne, /., mountain.
monte, près, ind., mounts, rises; see monter.
monter, to mount, rise, climb,
VOCABULARY
climb up, ascend, go up, come up, get up; {trans., with dir. obj.) to carry up, lift up, bring up; to excite, stir up.
montez, imper., mount, go up, climb; see monter.
Montmartre, la rue . . , Montmartre Street, in the heart of Paris, near the boulevard Montmartre.
montré, -e, p. part., shown; see montrer, s'était montré, had shown himself.
montrer, to show, point out. se montrer, to show oneself, appear.
montrez, imper., show; see montrer.
monument, m., building, monument.
se moquer de. ., to mock, mock at . . , ridicule, make fun of . . , scoff at. . ; not care for. . je me moque de. .! what do I care for . . !
morale, n., /., moral philosophy, ethics.
morceau, m., piece, bit, morsel.
morceaux, plur.; see morceau.
morne, gloomy, dejected.
mort, n. , /., death.
mort, -e, p. part., adj., died, dead, extinct; see mourir. — le mort, m., the dead man, dead body, corpse, les morts, plur., m., the dead; the dead bodies, corpses.
mot, m., word, saying.
motte, /., clod, lump, little hill.
moue, /., wry face, pouting.
faire la moue, to pout, make a wry face [à quelqu'un, at any one].
Mourad, Murad, one of the twenty-four beys or chiefs of the Mamelukes in Egypt, at the time of the French invasion, sharing the supreme political power with Ibrahim-
Bey, both of them being superior to the other beys; warlike and brave, having the preeminence and lead in military matters.
Mourad-Bey, see Mourad and bey.
mourait, descr. p.; see mourir.
mourir, irr., to die.
mousqueterie, /., musketry, volley of musketry. ■
mousse, m., cabin-boy, ship-boy.
mouvant, -e, près, part., adj., moving, shifting, movable; see mouvoir.
mouvement, m., movement, motion, move, manœuvre, en mouvement, in motion, fluctuating, flickering.
mouvoir, irr., to move (trans.), se mouvoir, to move (intr.).
moyen, n., m., means, way. il n'y a pas moyen de+m/., there is no way of . . , there is no means of . . ; it is not possible to . . ; one cannot . .
moyen, -ne, adj.. mean, intermediate, being between the two extremes; middle; middle-class; middle-sized, average.
mugissement, m., roaring, roar.
muid, m., hogshead.
multitude, /., multitude, crowd.
municipal, -e, adj.; plur.: munipaux, m., municipales, /., municipal, of a town, of a community, la garde municipale [de Paris], the city guard [of Paris], a kind of military police, organized like regular troops, les municipaux, n., m., soldiers of this guard.
municipaux, plur., m.; see municipal.
mur, m., wall.
muraille, /., wall.
muse, /., Muse.
VOCABULARY
musical, -e, musical, accent musical, m.; see accent.
myopie, /., short-sightedness, myopy, myopia.
myrte, m., myrtle.
mystérieu-x, -se, mysterious.
mystificateur, ra., hoaxer, mystificator.
mythologie, /., mythology.
N., used instead of a name, if one does not know it, or if one does not like to mention it. M. N.
= monsieur N., monsieur un tel, Mr. N., Mr. so and so.
n' =ne.
nageur, m., swimmer.
naissance, /., birth. donner naissance à.., to give birth to.., produce, bring forth; give rise to . .
naître, irr., to be born, come into the world, être né, -e, to have come into the world, il faut être né, it is necessary that one was born.
Napoléon = Napoléon 1er ( = premier), or Napoléon Bonaparte, 1769-1821; Emperor of the French, 1804-1814, 1815. See Bonaparte.
narquois, -e, t sly, cunning; roguish, waggish.
natal, -e, native.
national, -e, adj.; plur.: nationaux, m., nationales, /., national, la garde nationale, see garde, n., f. le garde national, see garde, n., m.
nationaux, plur., m.; see national.
nature, /.. nature.
naturel, -le, natural.
naturellement, naturally, of course.
navette, /., shuttle, faire la
navette, to go to and fro {like a shuttle).
navire, m., ship.
ne, not. ne . . pas, not. ne . .
point, not, not at all. n'est-ce pas? see ce, dem. pron., neut.
ne . . aucun, -e, not any, no, no one, none. ne. .guère, not much, but little, scarcely, hardly ever, ne . . plus guère, not much any more, scarcely yet. ne . . jamais, never, ni . .
ni. .ne+v., neither, .nor. .
ne . . personne, nobody, ne . .
plus, no longer, no more, ne., que, nothing but, only, but. ne. .de+n.. .que. ., no + n., except. . ne font que marquer, only mark; see faire. — ne . . plus que, no longer anything but, now only, hereafter only; only.
ne. .rien, nothing, not. .
anything. ne. .rien que, nothing but. ne, redundant, (may be omitted), in subordinate clauses with que, that, -fsubjunct., after affirmative expressions of fearing (j'ai peur, I am afraid, etc.).
ne, redundant, after que, than, in the second (complete) part of a comparison, before v., if the first part is affirmative.
né, -e, p. part., born; see naître.
nécessaire, necessary.
Necker (1732-1804), famous French statesman, born at Geneva; Minister of Finance, 1777-1781, 1788-1789, 1789-
négati-f, -ve, negative.
négociant, ra., merchant, business man.
neige, /., snow.
nettement, clearly, distinctly.
neu-f, -ve, new.
nez, ra., nose.
VOCABULARY
ni, neither, nor. ni. .ni. .ne + v., neither, .nor..
Nicole, name of the female servant of M. Jourdain's family in Molière's comedy Le Bourgeois gentilhomm-e.
nid, m., nest.
Nil, m., Nile, river in Africa.
noble, adj., noble, noble, n.,m., nobleman, noble.
Nodier, Charles . . , a French writer and member of the French Academy, 1780-1844.
Noël et Chapsal=la grammaire française de Noël et Chapsal, Noël and Chapsal' s French grammar.
noir, -e, black, dark.
nom, m., name.
nombre, m., number, au nombre de . . , numbering . . , consisting of . . , amounting to . . , . .strong.
nommer, to name, mention by name, se nommer, to be named or called, il se nomme . . , his name is . .
non, adv., no; not. non pas, no.
nord or Nord, m., North.
Normandie, la. ., /., Normandy, old province of France (iV.- W.).
nos, poss. adj., plur.; see notre.
note, /., note, remark.
notre (m., /.); nos (plur., m., /.), poss. adj., our.
nourrir, to nourish, nurture, feed, nurse, foster, bring up.
nourrir au lait, to nurse with milk, suckle.
nous, conj. pers. pron.. plur., (subj.) we; (dir. obj.) us; (indir. obj.) to us, for'us, us; frefl.) ourselves, etc.; (recipr.) each other, one another, etc.
nous, disj pers. pron., plur., we, us.
nouveau, nouvel, m., nouvelle,
/.; plur.: nouveaux, m., nouvelles, /., adj., new, recent, nouveau + p. part., newly, recently, nouveau condamné, newly condemned [man]; see nouveau-né.
nouveau-né, n., m., new-born child, new-born son.
nouveauté, /., newness, novelty.
nouveaux, plur., m.; see nouveau, nouvel, nouvelle.
nouvelle, n., /., news.
novembre, m., November.
novice, n.y m., /., novice, beginner.
noyer, to drown, se noyer, to drown oneself, be drowned.
nuage, m., cloud.
nuance, /., variation of color, gradation of color, shade, hue, tint.
nuit, /., night.
nul, -le, adjr, no, none, not any; void, null, meaningless; of no force, of no import, of no account, inconsiderable, trivial; ignorant, dull.
numéroter, to number, mark with a number, se numéroter, to be numbered, be counted; to call the numbers.
0 or o! inter j., O! oh!
obéir, to obey.
obéit, près, ind., obeys; see obéir.
objet, m., object.
obligé, -e, p. part., adj., obliged, thankful; see obliger. — je vous suis le plus obligé du monde de . . , I am exceedingly (greatly) obliged to you for. .
obliger (oblige + a, o), to oblige, force.
obscur, -e, dark, obscure.
observatoire, m., observatory.
observer, to observe.
VOCABULARY
occasion, /., opportunity, occasion.
occupation, /., occupation; taking possession; employment.
Océan, m., ocean.
œil, m., eye; plur. yeux. — coup d'oeil, m., glance, look, sight; =eye. aux yeux de. . , in the eyes of . . , in sight of . . , before . .
œuf, m., egg.
œuvre, /., work.
office, m., office, function, charge.
officier, m., officer.
offre, près, ind.; see offrir.
offrir, irr.t to offer.
oh! inter j., O! oh!
oignon, m., onion, soupe à Poignon, /., onion-soup.
oiseau, m., bird; (vulgar) creature, fellow.
oiseaux, plur.; see oiseau.
oisiveté, /., idleness, inactivity.
Ollendorff = la grammaire française d'Ollendorff, Ollendorff's French grammar.
ombre, /., shadow, shade; darkness.
on, pron., sing., m., one, somebody; people, they, we, you; or rendered by a passive. l'on, instead of on, before the v., frequently after et, ou, où, que, qui, si, or at the beginning of a sentence, if not followed too closely by another 1.
onde, /., wave; water, sea.
onéreu-x, -se, burdensome, onerous.
ont, près, ind.; see avoir.
onze, eleven.
opération, /., operation, performance, transaction.
opiniâtreté, /., obstinacy, stubbornness.
opposé, -e, p. part., adj., opposed, opposite, contrary; see opposer.
opposer, to oppose.
oppresseur, m., oppressor.
or, n., m., gold*
or, con]., but; now; well.
orage, m., storm, tempest, thunder-storm.
oranger, m., orange-tree.
ordinaire, adj., ordinary, usual, d'ordinaire, ordinarily, usually.
ordinairement, adv., ordinarily, usually.
ordonner, to order, ordain, direct, command, enjoin, give orders.
ordre, m., order.
oreille, /., ear.
orge, /., barley.
orgueil, m., pride.
origine, /., origin.
orillon, m., =, part of a bastion, la rue de l'Orillon, Orillon Street, in the eastern part of Paris, in the Belleville district, the centre of the anarchist or communist workmen.
ornière, /., rut (of a road); old track, beaten path.
Orosmane, sultan of Jerusalem (thirteenth century), the principal male character of Voltaire's tragedy il Zaïre."
orthoépiste, m., orthoepist; one who is skilled in orthoepy, that is, the art of pronouncing words correctly.
orthographe, /., orthography, spelling.
os, m., bone.
ôter, to take away, take off.
ôter quelque chose à quelqu'un, to take something from some one; to deprive s. o. of s. th.. free s. o. from s. th., rid s. o. of s. th.
Otto, m., =, Christian name used in Germany and Denmark.
ou, or. ou bien, or else, or otherwise; or.
où, where, whither; in which,
VOCABULARY
into which; on which; when.
d'où, from where, whence;
from which, out of which.
d'où ( = de là) vient que . . ,
hence . . , therefore . . par où?
which way? where? by what?
oui, yes.
outre, prep., beyond, besides.
d'outre-Manche, from beyond
the Channel, = adj., British,
English; see Manche, ouvert, -e, p. part., adj., opened,
open; see ouvrir. — è ouvert,
m.; see è.
ouverture, /., opening, ouvrant, ger., près, part.; see
ouvrir, ouvre, ouvrent, près, ind.; see
ouvrir, ouvrier, m., workman, laborer.
ouvrir, irr., to open (trans.).
s'ouvrir, to open (intr.).
p. = page.
pacha, m., pasha, viceroy, governor or commander, title of the highest civil and, military officers in the Turkish empire; title of the representative of the Sultan of Constantinople in Egypt, and nominal ruler of that country at the time of the French conquest (1798).
pacifique, peaceful, pacific.
page, /., page (of a book).
paille, /., straw, stalk, tirer à la courte paille, to draw cuts, draw lots.
pain, m., bread.
paisible, peaceful, peaceable.
palais, m., palace.
palais, m., palate.
palmier, m., palm-tree, palm.
pantoufle, /., slipper.
papa, m., papa.
papier, ra., paper, papier de
tenture, wall-paper, paperhangings.
par, prep., through, by; at, in, out of . . , about, o (placé)) out of . . , from, for, for the sake of . . , on account of . . ; during, in (time, weather, etc.); per (every. ., a. .). par hasard, by chance, accidentally.
par exemple; see exemple. — par un bout, at one end (of the street), somewhere, par où? which way? where? by what? par ce temps-là, in that weather, in that kin J of weather, par un beau soL i; see soleil. — par jour, every day, . .a day, daily, par millions, by millions, in millions, par derrière, adv., behind, from behind. See pardessus, prep.
paradis, m., paradise.
paraissait, descr. p., seemed, appeared; see paraître.
paraît, près, ind.; see paraître.
paraître, irr., to seem, appear, il n'y paraît plus, there is not a sign of it left.
parapluie, m., umbrella.
parce que, conj., because.
parcimonie, /., parsimony, closeness, excessive economy.
parcourait, descr. p.; see parcourir.
parcourir, irr., to travel over. . or through. . parcourir à cheval. . , to ride through . . or over . .
par-dessus, prep., above, over, par-dessus le marché, into the bargain.
pardessus, n., m., overcoat.
pareil, -le, similar, such, de pareilles liaisons, such connections or linkings. pareil à. ., similar to. . , such as . . , like.
paresseu-x, -se, lazy, idle, sluggish, paresseux, n., ra., lazy fellow, sluggard.
VOCABULARY
parfois, at times, sometimes.
parie, près. ind.f bet, bets; see parier.
parier, to bet, wager.
pariez, près, ind., bet; see parier. — pariez-vous? do you bet?
Paris, ra., capital of France.
Parisien, n., ra., Parisian.
parisien, -ne, adj., Parisian.
parjure, n., ra., /., perjurer; adj., perjured.
parlement, ra., parliament; assembly; (in France, before 1790) high court [of justice].
parler, to speak, talk.
parlez, imper., speak, talk; see parler.
parmi, prep., among.
parodie, /., parody.
paroisse, /., parish, church district.
parole, /., word.
parquer, to pen, pen up (like cattle) .
part, /., part, share, portion.
quelque part, somewhere, à part, apart, aside, separate.
prendre quelque chose en bonne part, to take something in good part, in a good sense.
partager, to share, divide, portion, distribute.
partent, près, ind.; see partir.
parti, n., ra., party, side.
parti, -e, p. part.; see partir.
particulièrement, particularly, especially, peculiarly, unusually.
partie, n., /., part; party (in a lawsuit), plaintiff or defendant, opponent.
partir, irr., to set out, start, depart, go off.
partout, everywhere.
parvenir, irr., to arrive, attain, reach; succeed, parvenir à faire. ., to succeed in doing. .
parvinrent, parvint, narr. p.; see parvenir.
pas, n., ra., pace, stride, step, gait; sill, threshold, pas à pas, step by step. d'un pas rapide, with a quick step, at a rapid pace, fast, sur les pas de quelqu'un, after some one; following some one closely, marcher au pas de marche, to march quickly.
pas, adv., not. non pas, adv., no. ne . . pas, not. pas de danger, . . ne . . pas de danger, no danger, not. .any danger, pas d's, no s. pas d'autre [heure], no other [hour], not any other [hour].
presque pas de+w., scarcely any . . n'est-ce pas ? see ce, dem. pron., neut.
passaient, descr. p., passed, were passing; see passer.
passe, près, ind.; see passer.
passé, n., ra., past; past tense, passé défini, past definite, preterit, narrative past.
passé, -e, p. part., adj., passed, past, gone by; see passer. — à onze heures passées, past or after eleven o'clock.
passent, près, ind.; see passer.
passer, to pass, pass away, go by; to pass on, pass along, go; to pass over or through, cross; to pass, spend, passer de., à . . , to pass from . . to . . , change from . . to . . passer quelque chose à quelqu'un, to pass, pass on, hand something to some one; to forgive, pardon, excuse, allow, se le passer, to pass it to one another, se passer, to pass, pass away, elapse.
passerelle, /., foot-bridge.
passion, /., passion.
Passy, Jean . . , a French philologist and pedagogue, 1S66-U 98.
VOCABULARY
Patagon, n., m., Patagonian, inhabitant of Patagonia.
pataquès, m., mistake in linking (liaison, /.) ; especially, sounding, in this case, a t for an s=z, or an s=z for a t; see liaison.
patois, m., dialect, patois.
patrie, /., [native] country, [native] land, fatherland.
patte, /., paw, foot, leg.
pauvre, poor.
pavillon, m., flag.
payer, to pay; to pay for. .
payer quelqu'un de . . , to pay some one for. . le faire payer à quelqu'un, to make some one pay (or surfer) for it. se payer à diner, to pay for a dinner or for one's dinner, se payer de . . , to be satisfied with . . ; to content oneself with . . ; to get plenty of . .
je m'en suis payé des révolutions (en, redundant), I got plenty of revolutions; I had my fill of revolutions.
pays, m., country, land.
paysage, m., landscape.
paysan, m., peasant.
peau, /., skin, hide.
peaux, plur.; see peau.
peine, /., penalty; pain; sorrow, grief; trouble, difficulty, pains, effort, reluctance, il a peine k-\-inf.; il a de la peine k+inf., he is scarcely able to . . , he can hardly . . , it is difficult for him to . . il a grand'peine à faire . . , he has great difficulty in doing . . , it is very difficult for him to do . . porter la peine de tout, to suffer for everything, en valoir la peine; see valoir. — ■ à peine, hardly, scarcely.
pêle-mêle, adv., pell-mell, huddled together.
peloton, m., small ball of thread;
knot or group of men, (mil ) platoon.
pencher, to incline, lean, bend, stoop, se pencher, to bend, bend over, stoop (intr.).
pendant, prep., during, for.
pendre, to hang.
pénétrant, -e, près, part., adj., penetrating, piercing, keen; see pénétrer.
pénétrer, to penetrate, pierce.
pensant, ger., près, part., thinking; see penser.
pense, près, ind., imper., think; see penser.
pensée, n., f., thought, thinking.
penser, to think; imagine, penser à . . , to think of . . vous pensez bien, you can imagine.
pension, /., pension.
percer (perç+a, o), to pierce, penetrate.
perche, près, ind., perches; see percher.
percher, to perch, se percher, to perch, sit.
perchoir, n., m., roost, perch.
perdre, to lose.
perdreau, m., young partridge.
perdreaux, plur.; see perdreau.
père, m., father, papa, le père Thiers (pop.), Papa Thiers.
périr, to perish, die.
périra, {ut.; see périr. — périrat-il? shall he die?
permettre, irr., to allow, permit.
pernicieu-x, -se, pernicious, hurtful.
perquisition, /., perquisition, search.
perroquet, m., parrot.
personnage, m., person, personage.
personne, n., /., person; lady.
personne, pron., m., nobody, no one; anybody, any one. ne . . personne, nobody, no one.
perte, /., loss.
pesant, -e, près, part., adj.,
VOCABULARY
heavy, ponderous; unwieldy; see peser.
peser (pès+rm/te e), to weigh.
petit, -e, adj., little, small, short; petty, petit marchand, see marchand. — petit, n., m., little one, child.
petit-fils, ra., grandson.
peu [de . . ], adv., little, few. peu d'humidité, little moisture.
peu de temps, a short time, peu ( + p. part., adj., or adv.), not very much ; not very ; rather un. . (pref.); not, un. . (pref.).
un peu, a little, somewhat.
un peu (after imper., entreating), please, pray do..; only, just, peu à peu, little by little, gradually, à peu près, nearly, almost, about.
peuple, ra., people, nation; lower classes, les gens du peuple, ra.; see gens.
peur, /., fear, avoir peur, to be afraid, faire peur à quelqu'un, to make one afraid, frighten one.
peureu-x, -se, timid, timorous, fearful.
peut, près, ind.; see pouvoir. — ■ sauve qui peut; see sauver.
peut-être, perhaps.
peuvent, près, ind.; see pouvoir.
peux, près, ind.; see pouvoir.
phénomène, ra., phenomenon, strange sight.
philologue, ra., philologist, student of languages.
philosophe, ra., philosopher.
philosophie, /., philosophy.
phonétique, adj., phonetic, regarding sounds, pertaining to pronunciation. le Maître Phonétique, the Phonetic Teacher, a journal devoted to the study of phonetics or pronunciation.
phonétique, n.y /., phonetics,
science of sounds or pronunciation.
phonétiste, ra., phonetist, student of phonetics; see phonétique, n., f.
phrase, /., sentence, phrase.
physionomie, /., physiognomy, countenance, face.
physique, /., physics.
pièce, /., piece; play; piece of ordnance, cannon, pièce de théâtre, play, theatrical performance.
pied, ra., foot, à pied, on foot, coup de pied, ra., kick.
pierre, /., stone.
Pierre, ra., Peter.
pierreu-x, -se, stony.
piéton, ra., pedestrian.
piller, to pillage, plunder.
pilote, ra., pilot.
pipe, /., pipe.
pique, /., pique, irritation, par pique, out of pique, par pique de vanité, because one's pride or vanity is wounded.
pique-nique, ra., picnic.
piquer, to prick, sting; to pique, excite, nettle, make angry.
se piquer de. . , to pride oneself in . . , pique oneself on . . , take a pride in . .
piquet, ra., piquet, a card-game for two. jouer au piquet, to play a game of piquet.
pire, adj., worse; (preceded by def. art. or poss. adj.) worst.
pistolet, ra., pistol.
pitié (with t=t, not = c), /., pity, prendre pitié de . . , to pity, have pity on . . par pitié, out of pity, for pity's sake.
pittoresque, picturesque.
place, /., place, public square, seat, stand, voiture de place, /., hackney-coach, cab for hire, public cab.
placer, to place, put.
plage, /., beach, shore.
VOCABULARY
plaid, m., plaid, Scotch mantle.
plaindre, irr., to pity, se plaindre, to complain.
plaine, /., plain.
plaire, irr., to please, plaire à quelqu'un, to please some one.
il lui plaît, it pleases him (trans.); he pleases (intr.).
U donne à qui lui plaît, he gives to whom (whomever) he pleases.
plaisant, n., m., jester, joker, humorist, wag.
plaisanterie, /., jest, joke, jesting, joking, pleasantry.
plaisir, m., pleasure, faire plaisir, to give pleasure, à plaisir, for diversion, to heart's content; at one's ease; freely, without restraint, abundantly, in abundance.
plaît, près, ind.; see plaire.
plante, /., plant.
planter, to plant.
plein, -e, full, à pleines mains, with full hands, largely, liberally, plentifully. boire à plein verre; see boire. — en plein, fully, completely.
pleurer, to weep, cry.
pleut, près, ind.; see pleuvoir.
pleuvait, descr. p., rained, was raining; see pleuvoir.
pleuvoir, irr., to rain.
plonge, près, ind., plunges, dives, dips; see plonger.
plonger, to plunge, dive, dip.
plu, p. part., rained; see pleuvoir.
pluie, /., rain.
plupart, la. ., [de + def. art.], most, the greater part, the greatest part.
plus [de . . ], adv., neut. =m., more. le plus, most, the most, plus + adj. = comparative; (preceded by def. art. or poss. adj.) —superl.: plus chaud, -e, warmer; le plus chaud, la
plus chaude, les plus chauds, les plus chaudes, warmest, the warmest, de plus en plus, more and more, de plus en plus chaud, -e, warmer and warmer, ne . . plus, no longer, no more. ne . . plus guère, see guère. — ne . . plus que, no longer anything but, now only, hereafter only; only. plus . . plus . . ; plus . . et plus . . , the more . .
the more. . d'autant plus, so much the more, all the more, plus de bruit, more noise, the more noise, plus (without v.), no more, no longer; no . . any more, plus d'espoir, no hope any more, plus de -f num., more than.
de plus, moreover, besides, en plus, over and above, moreover, besides, more.
plusieurs, pron. adj., plur., m.f /., several, à plusieurs, several together.
plutôt, rather.
poche, /., pocket.
poésie, /., poetry, poem.
point, n., m., point, stitch, dot.
point, adv., not at all, not; no (adv.). ne., point, not at all, not. n'en., point, not any, none; see en, pron. adv.
— point de vers, no verses.
pointe, /., point, sharp end.
pointe du jour, daybreak, dawn.
poire, /., pear.
poison, m., poison.
poisson, m., fish.
poitrine, /., chest (of the body).
poli, -e, adj., polite.
police, /., police; police duty.
politique, n., /., policy; politics, politique extérieure, foreign policy; foreign politics.
pomme, /., apple; knob, ball.
pomme de terre, potato, la
