scène, /., scene, stage, mettre en scène, to put on the
VOCABULARY
schako, m., shako, a kind of military cap.
science, /., knowledge, science, learning. un institut de science, a scientific institute.
scolastique, n., /., scholasticism, scholastic philosophy.
se, con], pers. pron., dir. and indir. obj., himself, herself, itself, oneself, themselves, each other, one another; to or for himself, etc.; {combined with the def. art. + noun) = his, her, its, their; {with refl. v., often) o.
Sébastienne, sainte. ., St. Sebastiana.
sec, sèche, dry. il fait sec, it (the weather) is dry; il avait fait sec, it had been dry; see faire.
séché, p. part., dried, dried up; see sécher.
sécher, to dry, dry up {trans, and intr.).
second, -e, adj., second.
secouer, to shake.
secousse, n., /., shock, jerk, toss.
secret, n., m., secret.
séculaire, secular; a hundred years old; made during a century, made during several centuries.
seigneur, m., lord.
séjour, m., sojourn, stay; abode; = country.
selle, /., saddle.
selon, prep., according to.
semaine, /., week.
sembler, to seem, appear, il me semble, it seems to me, I think.
sens, n., m., sense, meaning.
sens, près, ind., feel; see sentir.
sent, près, ind., feels; see sentir.
sentait, descr. p., felt; see sentir.
sentier, m., path, la rue du Sentier, street in the businccs
quarter of Paris, not far from the Exchange (Bourse, /.).
sentiment, m., feeling, sentiment ; opinion.
sentinelle, /., sentinel, sentry, en sentinelle, on guard, on guardduty, as a sentinel.
sentir, irr., to feel, perceive, faire sentir, to render perceptible or audible, pronounce.
séparer, to separate.
sept, seven.
sera, serai, fut.; see être.
serais, cond., should be, would be; see être.
serait, cond., would be, should be; see être.
sérénité, /., serenity, sereneness, calmness.
sergent, m., sergeant, sergent de ville, policeman.
sergo, m., pop., instead of sergent de ville, policeman; see sergent.
sérieusement, seriously.
sérieu-x, -se, adj., serious, earnest, sérieux, n., m., seriousness, earnestness, earnest, gravity.
seriez, cond., would be, should be; see être.
serpent, m., snake, serpent.
serrer, to press, clinch, serrer les dents, to set the teeth, grit the teeth, j'avais les dents serrées de peur, my teeth were set with fear (for fear), serrer quelqu'un de court, to follow some one closely.
sert, près, ind.; see servir.
service, ra., service, duty.
servir, irr., to serve, wait on. ., attend; to serve, serve up, bring in, put on the table, servir à quelque chose, to be good for something (anything); to be of some (any) use.
ses, plur.; see son, poss. adj.
VOCABULARY
ses {marking the pronunciation) = ses, poss. adj., plur.
ses {marking the pronunciation) = ses, poss. adj., plur,
session, /., session, sitting, meeting.
seul, -e, adj., alone, single, only, sole, marcher tout seul (toute seule), to go all alone, go by itself (himself, herself, oneself).
seulement, adv., only. ne. .
pas seulement, not even, not only.
sévère, severe, stern, austere, grave, sober.
sévérité, /., severity, strictness, sternness.
si, conj., if, whether, pour si. .
{pop.) = pour le cas où. ., in case.
si, adv., so; yes, yes indeed.
mais si, why! yes certainly.
siècle, m., century; age.
siège, m., siege.
sien; le sien, m., la sienne, /.; plur.: les siens, m., les siennes, /., poss. pron., his, hers, its.
siffler, to whistle, whiz; to drink, swallow {rapidly), gulp down.
signal, m., signal.
signaux, plur.; see signal.
signe, m., sign, faire signe, to make a sign, to beckon.
signer, to sign, subscribe, signer pour un million, to give one's signature for granting a million.
silence, m., silence.
sillon, m., furrow, sillons, plur., furrows; {poet.) fields, plains.
simple, simple, plain, easy, clear.
plus simple, more simple, easier, less complicated.
simplement, simply, plainly, in a plain manner.
sinécure, /., sinecure; office requiring no labor.
sinistre, adj., sinister, dismal.
sitôt que, conj., as soon as.
situation, /., situation, state.
six, six.
société, /., society.
soif, /., thirst, avoir soif, to be thirsty.
soin, m., care, attention, avoir soin, to take care.
soir, m., evening.
soit, près, subjunct.; see être. — soit! be it so! so be it! all right ! soit . . soit . . , either . .or. .
soldat, m., soldier.
soleil, m., sun, sunshine, par un beau soleil, while the sun is shining beautifully.
solide, strong, firm, solid.
sombre, dark; gloomy, sad, sombre.
sommation, /., summons, warning, les trois sommations, "Reading the Riot Act"; the three warnings given a mob to disperse before using armed force.
somme, /., sum. en somme, on the whole, finally, in short, after all.
sommeil, m., sleep.
sommes, près, ind.; see être.
son, n., m., sound.
son, m., sa, /.; ses, plur., m., /., poss. adj., his, her, its, one's.
son, instead of sa, before vowels and mute h.
sonde, /., sounding-line, sounding-lead.
songe, n., m., dream.
songer (songe + a, o), to dream, think, songer à.., to think of . . , pay attention to . . sans y songer, without thinking of it, without paying attention to it; unthinkingly, thoughtlessly; without hesitation.
sonner, trans., intr., to sound,
VOCABULARY
ring, sonner quelqu'un, to
ring for some one.
sont, près, ind.; see être, sort, n., m., fate, lot. sort, près, ind.; see sortir. — il en
sort.., there comes (come)
out of it . .
sorte, /., kind, sort, manner, de
sorte que, conj., so that; =
thus, therefore.
sortent, près, ind.; see sortir, sorti, -e, p. part., gone out; see
sortir, sortir, irr., to go out, come out,
get out, come off. sortir de . . ,
to go out of.., leave, en
sortir, to get out of it, finish,
come to an end.
sortira, fut.; see sortir, sortirait, cond.; see sortir, sortirent, narr. p.; see sortir, sortirons, fut.; see sortir, sot, n., m., fool, blockhead, ce
triple sot d'Englishman
( = d'Anglais), that blessed
silly Englishman, sou, m., sou, French penny,
coin worth about one cent, soudain, adv., suddenly, souffert, -e, p. part.; see souffrir, souffler, to blow, souffrait, descr. p., suffered, was
suffering; see souffrir, souffre, souffrez, près, ind.; see
souffrir, souffrir, irr., to suffer, souffrir
de . . , to suffer from . . souffrir de la soif, to suffer from
thirst.
souhaiter, to wish, soûl, -e, adj., full (of food or
drink), soûl, n., m., one's
fill, tout mon soûl, to my
heart's content, soulever, to raise; to stir up,
rouse, soupe, /., soup, soupe à la
bière, beer-soup. soupe à
l'oignon, onion-soup.
source, /., spring, source.
sourd, -e, deaf; dull, rumbling, hollow, indistinct.
sourire, n., m., smile.
sous, prep., under, beneath, below; =in.
soustraire, irr., to withdraw, remove, se soustraire à . . , to withdraw from . . , flee from . . , escape, avoid.
soutenir, irr., to sustain, support, hold up, uphold, se soutenir, to sustain oneself, stand up, stand.
se souvenait, descr. p.; see se souvenir.
se souvenir, irr. v., refl., [de. .], to remember, recollect.
souvenir, n., m., remembrance, recollection, memory, reminiscence»
souvent, often, frequently.
souverain, n.,m., sovereign, ruler.
souverain, -e, adj., sovereign, supreme, la grandeur souveraine, the sovereign's high dignity. ,
Souvestre, Emile . . , a French poet and novelist, 1806-1854.
spahi, m., spahi or spahee (formerly, soldier of the Turkish cavalry).
spécial, -e, special.
spectacle, m., sight, spectacle.
station, /., stop, standing, stand, station.
Stuart, Marie.., Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, born 1542, executed 1587.
Stuarts, les. ., m., the Stuarts, royal family of Scotland and, later, of England.
stupéfaction, /., astonishment, stupefaction.
stupide, stupid, dull.
style, m., style, manner (of writing), une satire du style de . . , a satire in the style or manner of . .
VOCABULARY
su, -e, p. part.; see savoir.
subdélégué, n., m., sub-delegate, officer placed at the head of an élection or court of taxation, before the great Revolution, in France.
substituer, to substitute, substituer une chose à une autre, to substitute one thing for another.
succéder, intr., à.., to succeed, follow.
sucer, to suck.
sud, m., south. V Amérique du Sud, South America. la croix du Sud, the Southern Cross, Crosier.
suffiraient, cond.; see suffire.
suffire, irr., to suffice, be sufficient, be adequate.
suis, près, ind., am; see être.
suis, près, ind., follow; see suivre.
suite, /., succession, tout de suite, at once, immediately.
suivait, descr. p., followed, was following; see suivre.
suivant, -e, près, part., adj., following; see suivre. ^
suivant, prep., according to.
suivi, -e, p. part.; see suivre.
suivre, irr., to follow.
sultan, m., sultan.
superbe, superb, splendid, gorgeous.
supérieur, -e, superior.
superposer, to superpose, place one above the other.
supplier, to entreat, beg.
suppôt, m., subordinate, assistant, help.
supprimer, to suppress, abolish.
suprême, supreme, highest; last.
sur, on, upon; over, above; in, at; about; regarding; upon, towards, against; on, to be paid by. . le carré était sur six rangs, the square was six files deep, sur trois hommes
de profondeur, three men deep, donner cent louis sur son trésor, to give 100 louis out of (from) his treasure.
sûr, -e, sure, safe, certain, être sûr de son affaire; see affaire.
sur-le-champ, immediately, at once.
surlendemain, n., m., third day; two days after.
surnager (surnage -f- a, o), to float on the surface; come to the surface.
surpasser, to surpass, exceed.
surtout, chiefly, above all, especially.
survenir, irr., to come unexpectedly.
survient, près, ind., comes unexpectedly; see survenir.
suspect, -e, suspicious; suspected.
susse, p. subjunet.; see savoir.
syllogisme, m., syllogism, regular logical form of an argument.
Syrie, la. ., /., Syria, country in Asia.
système, m., system.
t = té, n., m., name of the letter t.
t' = te, conj. pers. pron.
ta; see ton, poss. adj.
table, /., table, à table, at table.
tablier, m., apron.
tâche, /., task.
tâcher, to try, endeavor.
taille, /., size, stature, shape; waist, roulé à la taille; see rouler.
tailleur, m., tailor.
Taine, Hippolyte.., French critic, philosopher, and historian, 1828-1893.
tais (marking the pronunciation) =tes, poss. adj., plur.
VOCABULARY
taloche, /., blow, thump on the head.
tambour, m., drum.
Tamise, /., Thames, river in England.
tandis que, conj., while, whereas.
tant [de. .J, adv., so much, so many ; so . . , so very . . tant . .
que . . , . . as well as . . ; both . . and. . tant bien que mal; see bien.
tantôt, just now, soon, by and by. tantôt . . tantôt . . , now . .
now . ; sometimes. . sometimes. .
taper, to strike, tap, rap.
tard, adv., late, plus tard, later.
tarder, to delay, be long. . .ne tardait pas à devenir . . , . . soon became . .
tas, m., heap, pile; lot, set, crowd, en tas, in a heap.
crowded together.
tasse, /., cup.
tâter, to feel, touch, try, taste.
te, conj. pers. pron., air. obj., you, thee; indir. obj., to you, for you, you, — to thee, for thee, thee; (refl.) yourself, etc., — thyself, etc.
tel, -le, such, such a . . , like, similar; many a . . tel que . . , such as. .
téléphone, m., telephone ("farsounding").
témoigner, trans., to testify, show, manifest, témoigner, intr., de . . , to testify, attest, witness; to testify to. ., bear witness to . . , give evidence of..
témoin, m., witness.
tempéré, -e, p. part., adj., tempered, temperate, mild, moderate; see tempérer.
tempérer, to temper, calm, soften.
tempête, /., storm, tempest.
Temple, la rue du, M Temple Street, in Paris, where the Temple (m.) or castle of the Knights Templars stood; not far from the boulevard du Temple.
temps, m.f time, while, period, season; weather, de temps en temps, from time to time, now and then, de temps à autre, from time to time, now and then, pendant un temps, for a while, for some time.
du temps de.., in (at) the time of. . par ce temps-là, in that weather, in that kind of weather.
tenaient, tenait, descr. p.; see tenir.
tend, près, ind., holds out, offers, extends, etc.; see tendre.
tendre, to hold out, offer, extend, stretch, stretch out, put forward, raise; to bend, strain, exert.
tendu, -e, p. part., adj., bent, strained, intent, exerted, fixed closely; see tendre.
ténèbres, /., plur., darkness.
tenez, imper., hold, tenez- vous, remain, be. See tenir, se tenir. tenez! inter 7., there!
look! look here! look there!
see here! why! now then!
tenir, irr., to hold; hold out, resist, se tenir, to hold, hold on, hold fast, cling, adhere, stick, keep, stay, remain, stand, be. se tenir les côtes [de rire], to hold both one's sides, split one's sides with laughing, il n'y a morale qui tienne, moral philosophy cannot resist or be of any use.
tiens, tenez, imper. = inter j.; see tiens, tenez.
tentation, /., temptation.
tente, /., tent.
tenter, to tempt, try.
VOCABULARY
tenture, /., tapestry, hangings.
papier de tenture, m., wallpaper, paper-hangings, tenue, n., /., bearing, deportment; dress, costume.
terrain, m., ground, soil, land.
terre, /., earth, land, ground; estate, domain, landed property, à terre, on the ground.
ventre à terre; see ventre. — remuer la terre; see remuer.
terre- plein, m., terre-plein, the platform or horizontal surface of a rampart.
terreur, /., terror, fright, la Terreur, the Terror or Reign of Terror, during the French Revolution, from the downfall of the Girondins (May 31, 1793) to the 9th of Thermidor (July 27,1794).
terrible, terrible, dreadful.
territoire, m., territory.
tes, plur.; see ton, poss. adj.
tés (marking the pronunciation) = tes, poss. adj., plur.
tes (marking the pronunciation) = tes, poss. adj., plur.
tête, /., head; intellect, brains, sense, judgment, bonne tête, good head, good mind; man of good sense, man of good judgment, se mettre dans la tête ; see mettre.
thé, m., tea.
théâtre, m., theatre; drama.
Théâtre-Français, or Comédie Française, famous theatre, at Paris, founded in 1680 by order of Louis XIV.
thermidor, m., Thermidor, name of the eleventh month of the calendar of the first French Republic, from July 19 to August 17. en Thermidor, in the month of Thermidor (of the second year of the first French Republic, = 1794).
Thessalie, /., Thessaly, a province of ancient Greece.
Thiers, Adolphe.., 1797-1&77, historian, orator, statesman; first president of the third French Republic, 1871-1873.
tienne, près, subjunct.; see tenir.
tiennent, près, ind.; see tenir.
tiens, imper., hold; see tenir. — tiens! inter j., there! look!
look here! look there! see here! why! now then!
tier-s, -ce, third, le tiers = le tiers état, the third estate, the commons (opposed to nobility and clergy).
tigre, m., tiger.
Tigre, m., Tigris, river in Asia; see Mésopotamie.
tintamarre, m., hubbub, hurlyburly, racket.
tiré, -e, p. part., shot; see tirer.
tirer, to draw, pull; to fire, shoot, tirer à la courte paille ; see paille.
tiroir, m., drawer (of a table, bureau, etc.).
toast, m., toast, health.
tohu-bohu, n., m., chaos, confusion, jumble, confused mixture.
toi, disj. pers. pron., you; thou, thee.
toit, m., roof; = house.
tombe, près, ind., falls; see tomber.
tombeau, m., tomb, grave.
tomber, to fall, drop, fall down; sink, sink down; to be overthrown, be dismissed, tomber à genoux, to fall on the knees, kneel, laisser tomber, to let fall, drop (trans.).
tomber à quelqu'un, to fall to one (to one's share).
