à la Titus, a mode of hair-dressing in which the hair

was kept short and biushed smoothly away from a parting in the centre, with the exception of a few curls carefully pasted on the forehead. The name is derived from some busts of the Emperor Titus in which the hair was dressed in this way. 1. 37. Bourbons, i. e. the survivors of the royal family.

Page 17. 1.3. terroristes. The Terrorist party, under the leadership of Robespierre, Danton, and others of their stamp, ruled suprême in France in 1793 and 1794, duringwhich time the guillotine was ever active. Thousands of Royalists, real or suspected, and adhérents of the moderate party, lost their lives. Eventually, however, dissension broke out amongst the Terrorists themselves, and Robespierre, after having brought about the exécution of Danton and hisfollowers in April, 1794, was himself overthrown and put to death in July of the same year. The Convention now inclined towards more moderate action ; this, on the one hand, aroused the indignation of the remaining Terrorists, who organized several unsuccessful attacks on the Government, and, on the other hand, raised the hopes of the Royalists, who attempted to overthrow the revolutionary party on October 5, 1795 ( = /6 13 vendémiau-e), with the assistance of other opponents of the Convention.

1. 8. Vaide de camp de Barras, i. e. Napoléon Bonaparte, to whom the commanding genei-al, Barras, had entrusted the suppression of this rébellion. (See note to p. 4, 1. 3.) The successful measures of Bonaparte on this occasion gained for him the commandership of the French army in Italy.

1. 20. Au 18 hrurnaire. In 1795 the Convention had established the Directoire, in which the législative power was placed in the hands of five Directors. While Napoléon was gaining famé abroad by his Italian and Egyptian campaigns, the Directoire was gradually falling into disrepute at home on account of its inability to cope with existing difficulties. Bonaparte hastened to Paris, and, having won over two of the Directors and some of the constituents of the two Houses in favour of a new Constitution, he had ail the othera ejected from the councilchamber on November 9 {le 18 brumaire), 1799, and established the Consulate, at the head of which he himself figured as First Consul, entrusted with the entire executive power.