tranche du libéral, 'affects liberal opinions

1. 16. Le droit de tout imprimer. The question of the liberty of the Press remained acute during the whole of the Restoration period. It was promised in the Charter of 18 14, but the censorship of all daily and periodical publications was reestablished in October of the same year. After the Second Restoration the Government oscillated during fifteen years between indulgence and stern repression. Various repressive and vexatious laws and ordinances were promulgated between 1 81 5 and May, 18 19, when the censorship was abolished, as well as the ' autorisation préalable.' But in June the papers

were subjected to a stamp duty which raised their price above the means of any but the wealthier classes, and in 1820, after the murder of the Duc de Berry, the censorship was reestablished. Abolished in 1822, revived in 1823, abolished partly at the accession of Charles X in 1824, and completely in 1828, it was revived by Charles X in his fatal ordinances of 1830, whereupon the journalists, headed by Thiers, gave the signal for the revolution. The history of the Press during this period faithfully reflects the hopeless instability and lack of strength or definite purpose of the many Governments of these few years.

1. 21. Sams respect du caractère. Understand : 'du caractère militaire.'

1. 24. Avec la croix au côté. Here again rime has taken precedence of reason. Decorations are worn on the breast, not on the side.