avait la main longue, ' had much influence.' Bras is

generally used instead of main.

,, 10. Riazan : see note, p. 78 1. i.

Vladimir : the capital of this government, Vladimir, is one of the oldest towns in Russia, and once rivalled Moscow.

,, 23. d'un gros pli : cf. note, p. 78 1. 11 (the last sentence). ,, 24. il tourna bride, ' he turned back. ' Note —

à toute bride, à bride abattue, ' at full speed."

laisser la bride sur le cou à quelqu'un, ' to give some one

full liberty. ' tenir la bride haute à quelqu'ttn, ' to keep a tight hand

over some one. ' tenir en bride, ' to keep within bounds.'

,, 29. est demeurée : one of the verbs which take avoir to dénote action, être to dénote the state resulting from the action. Demeurer is always conjugated with être in the expression de?neiirer d'accord, ' to agrée.'

82. 3. en quelques jours : account for this use of en instead of

dans, already explained in the notes.

, , 6. Te Deum : there are four classes of nouns of foreign origin that remain invariable in the plural : (i) names of prayers and hymns ; (2) Italian terms used for directions in music ; (3) Latin adverbs used substantively ; (4) compound words and phrases.

,, 8. de leurs yeux : note the emphatic use of the possessive

instead of tho article.

,, II. gisait: pronounce ^/w^z/.

,, 14. les représailles : r\o\.s user de représailles, ' to retaliate. '

,, 17. psalmodier; psalmiste: sound the/, as \n psaume (ç. 77 1. 12).

Notes 123

Page LiNE

82. 19. pasteur cornes from Latin pastorem \ paire, 'shepherd,'

comes from the noniiiwtive pastor. Cf. sire, from senior, and seigneur, from seniorem. Thèse are striking examples of the persistence of the Latin accent.

,, 22. litanies, 'litanies'; litanie, ' endless story. '

,, 26. vaurien: see note, p. 13 1. 18.

,, 27. on commença de boire : before an infinitive commencer

generally takes à, but is also used with de, chiefly to dénote

an action of some duration.

s'enivrer : pronounce s an-nivrer.

,, 30. en rond : note the omission of the article and cf. en cercle. ,, 31. hurlant: the /^ is aspirated.

83. I. iryures, ' insults. ' The French for ' injury ' is tort, préjudice,

mal, dommage, etc. Cf. note, p. 28 1. 28.

, , 3. vodka : the Russian for ' brandy. '

,, 4. eau bénite : the past participle of bénir takes a t when it means ' consecrated,' 'holy.' This t, instead of being an exception, was the rule in Old French, which kept more closely to Latin than modem French does. Note de l'eau bénite de cour, ' empty promises,' 'blarney.'

,, II. l'enfer, 'hell'; les enfers, ' the lower régions. '

,, 17. en poussière : cf. note, p. 2 1. i.

,, 19. lentement: adjectives in -e7it and -ant form their adverbs by changing nt into m before adding ment. The only exceptions are lentement, présentement, véhéinentement.

,, 21. Qu'elle venait: why not the subjunctive? See note, p. 13 1. 8.

,, 28. passés par les verges, 'flogged.'