VERBS FORMED BY SPECIAL SUFFIXES
(x) -iquer, -Cher, -ger, -Suer, -ier, -oyer.
verbs like—.
By analogy with
fabriquer from Latin fabricare, Communiquer (communi, tre) empêcher (impedicare), mâcher (masticare), prêcher (?raedicare) forger (fabricare), juger ( judicare), manger (manducare),
venger (vindi are)
publier (publicare), mendier (mendicare), communier (commun:
care), verdoyer (véridicare)
many new verbs are formed with these suffixes, e.g. —
le char, ‘ car,’ ‘chariot ; charroyer, ‘to cart '
la côte, ‘ coast ; côtoyer, ‘to c« st"
le chat, ‘cat’ ; chatoyer, ‘to glisten ’
le coude, * elbow ' ; coudoyer, ‘ to elbow'
la fête, * feast' : J'estover, ‘to tre-t'
la foudre, ‘ lightning'; foudroye.', ‘to strike with li la guerre, ‘ war : #uerroyer, ‘to Wage war
la larme, ‘tear'; Jarmoyer, ‘to weep," ‘ whimper net, ‘ neat,' ‘clean ; nettoyer, ‘to clean
l'onde, ‘ the wave ; ondoyer, ‘ to undulate’
Note also— tu, ‘thou’; fufoyer, ‘to thou !
In some verbs we find -ayer and -eyer—
bègue, ‘ Stammering” ; Éégaper, ‘ to st amer’ gras, “fat”; grasseyer, ‘to burr' la planche, ‘ plank” : 2lancheyer, plan. héier, * to board,
ghtning”
‘plank
Word-Formation
(2) -iser. In Latin -issare or
“isare (borrowed from Greel:), when added 10 verbs, denoted Originally émitation, e. &.—
&raecissare, ‘10 imitate the Greeks ' ailicissare, ‘ to talk like an Athenian ‘ but lost its force, e. E.—
baptisare, ‘ to christen
It has become -ser in French
, and with it are formed a number of verbs from nouns and
adjectives, e. g.— Intransitive :
d'agonie, ‘agony' ; agoniser, ‘to be dying " da morale, ‘ moral" : moraliser, ‘to moralise ‘
la sympathie, ‘sympathy ' ; SYmpathiser, ‘to sympathise ’ Transitive :
Central, centraliser
légal, légaliser fertile, Jertiliser d'auteur, autoriser &énéral, généraliser
l'alcali, alcaliser
latin, latiniser de capital, capitaliser
Note also—
Orutaliser (to trent brutally), maîtriser (to master, lord it
Over), {yranniser (to tyrannise), économiser (to save up), ] anathematise), ), favoriser (to favour), scandaliser
to characterise), cotiser (to rt, Woo).
(3) -cir (Lat, “escere, -iscere)—
durcir (durescere), : 10 make hard ” or ‘ to become hard éclaircir (ex-clarescere), ‘10 clear,’ ‘ enlighten noircir (igrescere), ‘to blacken ’
By analogy—
étrécir (étroit, st» ictus), ‘to narrow* obscurcir (oëscur), ‘to darken'
(4) -eler often form Say whether these ver -ulare, or from nou are—
S verbs from nouns SOmetimes it js difficult to
bs are derived from Latin verbs in -{llare, .ilare, ns which no longer exist. Derived from nouns
la bosse, * hump'; #osseker, ‘to emboss ‘
da botte, ‘ bundie' : Oolteler, ‘to truss' (h
de quart, : quarter ' :
de sort, ‘fate,' ‘spell’
ay or straw) (cartel) écarteler, ‘to quarter ’
i (sorcier) ensorceier, ‘10 bewitch?
(s) -ailler, -iller, -ouiller (corresponding to Latin -aculare, -éculare, -uculare) form also verbs from nouns, and have generally pejorative or diminutive force, e.g.—
la brette, ‘rapier,' ‘ long sword ’; brétailler, ‘to fight,” ‘ bully’
le fer, ‘iron; ferrailler, ‘ to forge,’ ‘ fence,’ ‘ dabble in fencing ”
de houret, ‘ bad hound ' ; hourailler, ‘ to hunt with bad hounds ’
le philosophe, ‘ philosopher ''; Philosophailler, ‘to philosophise ‘ (contemptuously)
la queue, ‘tail’ ; quoaïiller, ‘ to swish his tail’ (of a horse)
la rime, ‘rime,’ ‘ verse : rimailler, ‘to make doggerel verses ’
la toux, ‘ cough' ; foussailler, ‘to cough slightly'
la bourse, ‘purse'; boursiller, ‘to club together,” ‘to fork out
le brand (obsol.), ‘two-handed sword : brandiller, ‘to swing, ‘shake about
la bouse, ‘ dung' (of cattle): éousiller, ‘to build with cob or mud,” ‘to bungle'
la jambe, ‘\eg' ; gambiller, ‘ to kick avout,’ ‘ fidget
la grappe, ‘bunch' ; grappiller, ‘to glean grapes,' ‘ to scrape up”
le point, ‘ point,’ ‘ dot : Dointiller, ‘to dot,’ ‘ carp at’
(6) -eter, -oter have diminutive or frequentative force, which is, however, not always felt, e.g. —
la poche, ‘ pocket’ ; pocheter, ‘to keep in one’s pocket ’ le grillon, ‘ :ricket' ; grilloter, ‘to chirp' (of the cricket) ; hucheter, ‘ to chirp,' ‘twitter’ ‘ 1? C , P, SRE E STE rer ‘to whisper’ (7) -asser—
la terre, ‘earth': £errasser, : to throw on the ground,’ ‘to embank”
fin, ‘sly," ‘cunning' ; fnasser, ‘ to use petty tricks,” ‘ shuffle’ (8) -onner— le tronc, ‘trunk’; #ronçonner, ‘to cut into pieces ?
gris, ‘ grey"; grisonner, ‘to get grey'
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