aiiraves, bonds, fetters (L. trabem

1. 12. le nottvcau chef. Bernadotte (Jean Baptiste, i7'54 — 1844), one of the most distinguished of modem French gênerais, adopted (18 10) as prince royal of Sweden ; ascended the throne in 181 8. Had excited Napoleon's displeasure as early as 1808 by suspending hostilities against Sweden at the death of Gustavus IV.

1. 31. réuni à un État confédéré, â^^c. Tyrol had been ceded by Austria to Bavaria, an ally of France, in the Peace of Presburg, 1805. The Tyrolese revolted in 1809, and, under Andréas Hofer, made a vigorous résistance to the French and Bavarians ; but were forced after the defeat of Austria to submit again to Bavaria (i8io).

1. 33. le funeste abaissement dans lequel elle était tombée. Allusion to the treaty of Schonbrunn (October 14, 1809) which placed Austria at the mercy of Napoléon.

P. 18, 1. I. son monarqiie. Joseph Charles Francis (1768 — 1835), emperor of Germany (1792 — 1806), after which he took the title of emperor of Austria.

1. 3. sacrifié Fantique honneur, ù'c, especially by giving his daughter, Marie Louise, in marriage to Napoléon. The honour of his house is rightly called ancicnt, since the first Habsburg Emperor was Rudolf, who ascended the throne in 1 2 76.