chapitre, m,, chapter; subject; sur le — , in regard to

chapitrer, to reprimand.

chaque, each, every.

chargé, -e, loaded, full.

charger, to charge, trust with; se — , to take charge, charge oneself.

chariot, m.y wagon, cart.

charité, /., charity, benevolence.

charmant, -e, charming, delightful.

charmille, /., horn-beam, yokeelm tree; hedge of yoke-elm trees.

charrette, /., cart.

chasse, /., chase, hunt, hunting.

chassé-croisé, m.y (dancing cross-step.

chasser, to hunt, chase; drive away.

chat, m.y -te, /., cat ; jeune — , kitten.

châtain, chestnut, nut-brown, auburn.

château, m.y castle.

châtiment, m.y chastisement, punishment. [lish.

chatouilleu-z, -se, touchy; tickchatoyant, -e, shot (of colors)^ having a changeable luster.

VOCABULARY

cliatte, see chat.

diaad, -e, hot ; warm ; intense, great.

chattdy m., heat, warmth; faire — y to be hot; ayoir — , to be (feel) hot, warm.

chauffer, to heat, warm; se — , to warm oneself.

chaussé, -«, shod.

chauye, bald.

chef, m., chief, commander.

chef-d'œuvre, m., masterpiece.

chemin, m., way, road, track; — de fer, railroad.

chenille, /., caterpillar.

ch-er, -ère, dear.

chercher, to seek, look for; endeavor; get; aller — , to go and get ; go for.

chéri, -e, beloved, dear, cherished.

chérir, to love, cherish.

cheyal, m., horse; à — , on horseback.

chevaux, m, //., see cheval.

chevelure, /., hair.

chevet, m.» pillow; l^ead of a bed; bedside.

cheveu, m., (a single) hair; les -z, the hair of the head.

chez, at, to, in, one's house, home or store ; at, to, the home of; in.

chien, m., dog.

chiffon, m., rag.

chimérique, visionary.

Chine, /., China.

chinois, -se, n,andadj\ Chinese.

chœur, m., chorus.

choisir, to choose, select.

choix, m., choice, selection; de — , choice, select.

choquer, to shock, offend.

chose, /., thing; affair.

chrétien, -ne, n. and adj\y Christian.

chromatique, cromatic.

cible, /., target, mark.

ciel, m., heaven; the heavens,

the sky.

cierge, m., large wax-taper, cigare, m., cigar.

cil, m., eye-lash, cingler, to lash.

cinq, five.

cinquante, fifty.

circonstance, /., circumstance.

clrculer,to circulate, pass around, ciier, to wax ; polish, citadin, -e, city, of the city.

clair, -e, clear, bright; light

colored ; vêtue de — , in a light

dress, clair, clearly, plainly, clairière, /., glade.

clandestinement, clandestinely,

in an underhand manner.

claquer, to snap, crack ; chatter, clarté, /., light, brightness.

classique, classic, clef, /., key.

cligner, to wink, clin, m., wink.

cliquetis, f»., rattling, jingle, cloche, /., bell, clore, to dose; enclose.

clos, -e, p.p, of clora, clôture, /., enclosure ; fence, clou, m., nail.

cocher, m., coachman, cœur, m., heart; courage, cogner, to knock, drive in ; se — ,

to hit, strike against.

coiffer, to put on one's head;

dress the hair, coin, m., comer, col. m.y neck ; collar, colère, /., anger.

colimaçon, m., snail. [buff.

colin-maillard, m., blindman'scoUier, f«., collar, colombe, /., dove, colonne, /., column, pillar, combien, how much, how many ;

— y avait-il ? how much was

there .^

VOCABULARY

combler, to heap up; fill up; overwhelm; cover (a deficit.)

comique, comical, laughable.

commander, to order.

comme, as, like.

comment, how, in what manner ; why; what! — se£ait-il, how is it?

commentaire, m., comment, remark.

commettre, to commit, to perpetrate.

commis, -e, p,p. of commettre.

commode, convenient; comfortable; suitable.

commun, -e, common; mean, vulgar; de — , in common; sens — , common sense.

communauté, /., community.

conmiuniquer, to communicate, tell.

compagnie,/., company, society; demoiselle de — , young lady companion.

compagnon, companion, associate.

comparaison, /., comparison.

compassé, -e, formal, stiff.

compl-et, -ète, complete, total.

complet, m.^ full number ; au — , fully, wholly.

complètement, completely.

compliqué, -e, complicated, intricate.

comporter, to permit, allow.

comporter (se), to conduct oneself, behave.

composer (se), to be composed.

comprendre, to comprehend, understand; se — , to be understood.

comprimer, to restrain, repress.

compris, p,p. of comprendre.

compromettre (se), to compromise oneself.

compte, m., account ; score ; question ; rendre — , to give an account ; sans se rendre — , with-

out considering ; sur le — de, in regard to ; sur son — , about him, her.

compter, /r., to reckon, settle accoimts; /«/r., to count; — sur, to depend upon, rely upon.

comte, tn.y count ; earl.

concevoir, to imagine, conceive.

conclure, to conclude.

concombre, m., cucumber.

concourir, to compete.

condamne, ««., -e, /., convict ; — à perpétuité, prisoner for life.

condamner, to condemn ; blame.

condition, /., condition, circumstances; à — que, on condition, provided that.

conditionné, -e, in a good, or bad, condition ; bien — , healthful; severe.

conduire, to conduct; drive; • take ; se — , to conduct oneself, behave.

conduite, /., conduct, behavior ; discretion.

confiance, /*., confidence, trust.

confier, to confide, intrust; tell in confidence.

confire, to preserve, pickle.

confiture, /., preserve.

confondre (se), to overwhelm oneself ; become confused.

confortablement, comfortably.

confus, -e, mixed, confused.

congé, m., (milii.) leave, furlough.

connaissance, f, knowledge ; acquaintance; consciousness; perdre — , to faint.

connaissant, see connaître.

connaître, to know, be acquainted with; se — , to know, or understand oneself.

connu, -e, p.p. of connaître, known, understood.

consacrer (se), to devote oneself.

consciencieusement, conscientiously.

VOCABULARY

conseil, m., counsel, advice.

conseiller, to advise, counsel.

consentement, m., consent, assent.

consentir, to consent, acquiesce.

conséquent, m., consequent ; par — f consequently, in consequence.

conserye, /., preserve.

conserver, to preserve, keep.

consister, to consist.

consolant, -e, consoling.

consoler, to console, comfort.

consterner, to astound, dismay.

construire, to construct, build.

consulter, to consult.

contempler, to contemplate, gaze at.

contenir, to contain, hold; restrain, repress; se — , to restrain oneself; refrain.

content, -e, contented.

contenter (se), to be content, or satisfied with.

contenu, -e, p.p. of contenir.

conter, /r., to tell, relate; intr.^ to narrate, tell a story.

continu, -e, continuous, uninterrupted.

continuer, to continue, go on.

contraindre (se), to restrain oneself; forbear.

contrainte, /., restraint.

contraire, m,, contrary, opposite ; au — , on the contrary, quite the contrary.

contrarier, to cross, vex.

contre, against ; close to, near.

contrit, -e, contrite, penitent.

convaincre, to convince; persuade.

convaincu, -e, convinced.

convenable, becoming; agreeable.

convenance, /., fitness ; propriety.

convenir, to agree; acknowledge; suit; be suitable for.

convenu, p,p» of convenir.

conviens, convient, see convenir.

convoiter, to covet, crave.

convoquer, to summon, assemble.

copieusement, copiously, abundantly.

coq, m., cock.

coquetterie, /., coquetry.

corbeau, m., crow.

corbeille, /., flat, wide basket.

cordialement,cordially, heartily.

cordon, m.,- string, cord.

come, /., horn ; — d'abondance, cornucopia.

cornette, m., {mi/it) comet, ensign.

corps, m., body; corps; — d'armée, army-corps.

correctement, correctly.

correctif, m., corrective.

corriger, to correct; amend; reprove.

corsage, m., waist (of a dress).

cortège, m,y retinue, procession; attendants.

corvée, /., toil ; drudgery ; bore.

côté, m,f side; à — de, by, beside, near ; de — , sidewise, on one side ; aside ; askance ; da — de, in the direction of, toward.

cotillon, m.f petticoat; (familtar) woman.

cotiser, to assess, rate; se — , to club together.

con, m.y neck; sauter, se jeter, au — de quelqu'un, to fall on one's neck.

couche, /., layer, coat.

coucher, /r., to lay down ; se — , to lie down ; go to bed ; m/r., to lie; sleep; set.

concou, m., cuckoo; cuckooclock.

coudée, /., arm*s length ; cubit.

coudre, to sew. [slip.

couler, to flow; trickle; glide.

VOCABULARY

COap, m.y blow, stroke ; à — sûr, certainly, unquestionably; — d'œil, glance; — de canon, cannon-shot; d'un seul — , all at once; tout à — , suddenly.

coupe, /., cup.

couper, to cut, clip ; — la parole, to interrupt; — les aUes, to clip one's wings.

coupole, /., cupola.

cour, /., court ; yard ; faire la — , to court.

courageusement, courageously, bravely.

courant, m., current, stream.

courbé, /., curve.

courir, to run; travel.

couronner, to crown, wreathe.

courroie, /., strap.

cours, m., course, turn.

course, /., race, run ; trip ; être en — , to be out, doing errands.

court, -e, short ; brief.

court, short; rester — , to stop short.

courtoisie, /., courteousness, courtesy.

couru, p.p, of courir.

cousin, m., -«,/.» cousin.

coussin, 01., cushion.

couteau, m., knife; — à papier, paper-knife.

coûter, to cost.

coutume, /., custom, usage.

couyercle, m., cover; cap.

couyert, covered.

couverture,/., coverlet, counterpane.

couvrir, to cover ; se — , to cover oneself; be covered; be overcast.

craindre, to fear; il est à — , it is to be feared.

crainte, /., fear, dread ; de — de, for fear of.

cramponner (se), to cling, hold fast.

cravache, /., riding-whip.

créanci-er, f»., -ère,/., creditor, crème, /., cream ; thé à la — ,

tea with cream, crève-cœur, m., heart-break,

grief, cri, m., cry, shout, outcry, cribler, to riddle, crier, /r., to call ; proclaim ; in/r.,

to cry out, call out.

crin, f»., hair (of the mane or

tail of a horse).

crise, /., crisis; spell; fit of

laughter, cristal, f«., crystal.

croire, /r., to believe ; have faith

in; intr.j to believe j think; je

crois bien, I believe you; I

should think so I crois, see croire, croiser, /!r., to cross ; pass ; meet ;

clasp ; intr.y to lap over, croix,/., cross, croyait, see croire, cru, -e, /./. of croire, crus, see croire, cuiller or cuillère, /., spoon;

soup-ladle ; — à thé, teaspoon, cuillerée, /., spoonful ; ladlef ul.

cuisine,/., kitchen, cuisinier, m., cook, culinaire, culinary, culte, m., worship, cultiver, to cultivate; improve, curieusement, inquisitively, curieu-x, -se, curious, queer, curiosité,/., curiosity, cygne, m.^ swan.

daigner, to daign, condescend.

dais, f»., canopy.

daller, to pave with fiag-stones.

damassé, m., damask.

dame,/., lady.

dandiner (se), to twist about

dangereu-x, -se, dangerous.

VOCABULARY

dans, in, within ; into.

danser, to dance.

danseu-r, m,^ -se,/., dancer.

dé, m.y thimble.

débarquement, m., landing, disembarkation.

débarrasser, to disencumber, ■ free.

débattre, to argue, debate.

débattre (se), to struggle; flounder.

débiter, to utter; recite; talk.

déborder, to overflow, run over.

debout, upright; standing.

déchirer, to tear, rend.

déchu, -e, fallen.

décidément, decidedly.

décider, /r., to induce, persuade ; se — , to decide, make up one's mind ; intr.t to decide.

déconfire, to discomfit ; nonplus.

décontenancer, to abash, put out of countenance.

décoré, -e, decorated; wearing insignia.

décorer, to decorate, ornament.

découpé, cut.

découper, to carve; outline; mark.

découpure, /., indentation.

décourager (se), to be discouraged.

décousu, -e, desultory, disconnected.

découvert, -e, open, uncovered.

découverte,/., (Uscovery.

décrier, to decry, discredit.

décrire, to describe.

décrivant, see décrire.

dédaigner, to disdain, scorn.

dédaigneusement, disdainfully, scornfully.

dédaigneu-z, -se, disdainful, scornful.

dédain, f»., disdain, scorn.

dédale, m,^ maze, labyrinth.

déesse,/, goddess.

détait, -e, defeated, abject.

défaut, m., defect; fault.

défection,/., desertion; disloyalty.

défendre, to defend ; forbid.

défier, to defy.

défoncer, to smash in ; break.

dégager, to disengage; se — , to free oneself ; get clear.

dégraisser, to remove fat ; skim the oil off (from broth).

degré, m., step; grade; degree.

dégringoler, to tumble down, run down.

déguster, to taste.

dehors, m.^ exterior ; //., appearances.

déjà, already.

déjeuner, m,, breakfast.

déjeuner, to breakfast.

délaissé, -e, abandoned.

délaisser, to forsake, abandon.

délecter (se), to take delight.

délibérément, deliberately.

délicatesse,/, delicacy.

délice, m.f délices,/ //., delight.

délicieu-z, -se, delicious; delightful, charming.

délirant, -e, delirious, frenzied.

démaiUoter, to unwrap.

demain, tomorrow.

demander, /r., to ask ; demand ; se — , to ask oneself; intr., to request.

démarche,/, proceeding; application.

démentir, to give the lie to; belie.

démesurément, immoderately, excessively.

demeure,/, dwelling; home.

demi, m., half.

demi, -e, half; — -douzaine, half-dozen; — -heure, halfhour; — -seconde, half -second; sourire, faint smile;

voix, undertone, low tone.

demi, half; à — , half; by halves.

VOCABULARY

démission,/., resignation; donner sa — y to resign.

demoiselle, /., young lady; -^ d'honneur, lady of honor, maid of honor.

démonter, to nonplus, baffle.

dénégation, /., denial.

dénoter, to denote, betoken.

dénouer, to untie, loose.

dent, /., tooth.

denteUe,/., lace.

départ, departure.

départir, (se), to depart; desist; swerve.

dépasser, to go beyond; rise above; excel. [hurry,

dépêcher (se), to make haste,

dépendre, to depend.

dépense,/*., expense, outlay.

dépenser, to spend.

dépérir, to decline, pine away.

dépiter, to vex.

déplaire, to displease, offend.

déplaisant, -e, unpleasant, disagreeable.

déplier, to unfold, lay out.

déployer, to display, show.

déposer, to lay down ; leave ; let out.

dépouillé, -e, stripped.

dépouiller, to strip, despoil.

dépourvu, -e, destitute, unprovided for.

déprécier, to depreciate, undervalue.

depuis, since ; for.

déranger, to disturb, derange ; se — , to trouble oneself.

demi-er, -ère, last, latest.

dérobé, -e, stolen; à la — e, slyly, by stealth.

déroute, /., rout, defeat ; mettre en — , to confuse, silence.

derrière, prep,, behind; behind one's back; adv., behind; on the other side.

dès, prep., from, since; at; — lors, from that time.

dès que, eonj., when, as soon as.

désappointement, tn., disappointment.

désarmer, to disarm.

descendre, to descend; go down stairs; {nav^ to land.

désemparer, to quit, go away; sans — , without intermission.

désenchantement, m,^ disenchantment.

désennuyer (se), to divert oneself, seek diversion.

désert, -e, solitary ; deserted.

désespéré, -e, desperate, in despair.

désespéré, m., madman.

désespérément, desperately.

désespérer, to despair.

désespoir, m., despair; desperation.

déshabiller, to undress ; se — , to undress.

désigner, to designate, point out; describe.

désillusion, /., disillusion.

désintéressement, m,^ indifference ; disinterestedness.

désir, m,y desire, wish.

désobligeant, -e, disobliging, uncivil.

désœuvrement, m,, idleness, want of occupation. [late.

désolé, -e, broken-hearted, deso-

désonduler, to become straight again.

désormais, henceforth, hereafter.

desserrer, to unfasten, loosen.

dessiner, to sketch ; outline.

dessiner (se), to appear, be visible.

dessous, tn,y under side; au — , below, under, beneath.

dessus, on, upon, over; là-^, thereupon, on which ; upon it ; par — , over; par — bord, overboard.

dessus, tn,, upper hand, advantage; au—, over, above.

VOCABULARY

destinée, /.» fate, destiny.

détaché, ~e, careless, unconcerned.

détacher, to detach; unfasten; se — , to disengage oneself; break away.

déteint, -e, discolored.

dételer, to unhitch.

détendu, -e, in repose.

détester, to detest.

détourné, -e, turned away.

détourner (se), to turn away ; turn aside.

détresse, /., distress. [self.

détromper (se), to undeceive one-

dette, /., debt, obligation.

deuil, m., mourning; black.

deux, two; tous (les) — , both.

devancer, to precede; forestall, anticipate.

devant, before, in front of ; opposite to.

devant, m,, front ; aller cr venir au — de quelqu'un, to go, or come, to meet someone ; prendre les — s, to take the lead.

devenir, to become, grow; become of, come to.

devenu, -e, /./. 0/ devenir.

deviendrait, sg^ devenir.

deviens, sgg devenir.

deviner, to guess.

devint, se^ devenir.

deviser, to chat, talk.

devoir, m,, duty, task.

devoir, to owe ; ought.

dévorer, to devour; consume; pore over.

dévoué, -e, devoted.

dévouement, m., devotion.

devra, seâ devoir.

diable! the deuce 1 comment — I How the dickens I que — , what in thunder.

diapason, m.^ (mus.) pitch.

diaphanéité, /., transparency.

dieu, m,, God; mon — I Good heavens 1 Dear me !

difficile, difficult ; particular, fastidious.

4igne, worthy.

dignement, worthily; handsome-

dilater, to dilate, distend.

dimanche, m., Sunday.

diminuer, to diminish, decrease.

diner, m., dinner.

diner, to dine.

dire, to say, tell; c'est à — , that is to say ; pour ainsi — , so to speak ; if I may say so ; se — , to say to oneself.

directement, directly.

diriger, to direct, guide ; se — , to go towards, direct one's steps.

dis, sgâ dire.

discours, m., discourse, speech ; son — à lui, his own speech.

discr-et, -ète, discreet; considerate; reserved.

discrètement, discreetly, prudently.

disparaissait, sâ^ disparaître.

disparaître, to vanish, disappear.

disparu, -e, p.p, of disparaître.

dispensat-eur, m., -rice, /., dispenser.

dispenser, to exempt, excuse from ; dispense with.

disponible, unoccupied; not engaged.

disposé, -e, disposed, inclined.

disposer, to set, place ; dispose, order.

disposition,/., tendency; inclination; aptness.

disputer, (se), to dispute; contend for.

distance, /., distance ; de — en — , at intervals.

distingué, -e, distinguished ; genteel.

distrait, -e, heedless; absentminded; distracted.

VOCABUI^ARY

dix, m., ten ; tenth.

dix, ten.

diz-8ept|Seventéen, seventeenth.

dizaine, /., ten.

doctoral, -e, wise, knowing.

doigt, m., finger.

dois, sfg devoir.

doive, sââ devoir.

domestique, domestic.

domestique, m., man-servant.

dominer, to prevail over; rise above.

dommage, m,, damage; pity; c'est — , it is a pity.

done, then; therefore; consequently; Parle — I Z>^ speak 1

donner, /n, to give ; in^r,, to open on; overlook.

dont, whose, of whom, of which.

doré, -e, gilt, gilded ; golden.

dorer, to gild.

dormeuse, /., easy travelingcarriage.

dormir, to sleep, be asleep; do nothing.

dors. Sag dormir.

dos, m,f back. ^

dossier, m,, back (of a seat, cr chair).

douairière, /., dowager; ad/.^ very large.

doublé, m.f doublet ; like.

doubler, to double; round a point; line.

douce, see doux. [ly.

doucement, gently, softly, quietdouceur, /*., sweetness ; softness ; gentleness; comfort.

douche, /., shower-bath.

douer, to endow.

douleur, /., pain ; grief, sorrow.

douloureusement, sadly, painfully.

douloureu-x, -se, painful; sorrowful.

doute, m., doubt ; distrust ; apprehension; sans — , no doubt; doubtless.

douter (se), to suspect, surmise.

douteu-z, -se, doubtful, dubious, dou-x, -ce, sweet ; soft ; gentle, douzaine, /., dozen, douze, twelve, twelfth, dragonne, /., sword-knot.

drap, m,, cloth, drapeau, m., flag, ensign, dresser, to raise ; train.

dressoir, m., dresser ; sideboard, drochki, m. (pron, *^drosky\ a

kind of low, narrow carriage

used in Russia, droit, -e, straight, upright, erect ;

just; — comme un I, straight

as an arrow, droit, iw., right ; être en — , to

have the right, be entitled, droit, straight, droite, /., right hand ; à — , on

the right, drôle, droll, funny, dû, due, p.p. of devoir, ought, dûment, duly.

dur, -e, hard ; harsh, unkind, durant, during, durent, see devoir, durer, to continue, remain.

eau, /., water ; — douce, fresh water.

ébahi, -e, wondering, aghast.

ébahissement, m,^ amazement, astonishment.

ébaucher, to outline, sketch.

éblouir, to dazzle, fascinate.

éblouissant, -e, dazzling.

ébouriffé, -e, in disorder, disordered.

écarté, -e, apart, remote, lonely.

écartement, m., parting, opening between.

écarter, to push aside; remove, dispel. [change.

échanger, to exchange, inter-

VOCABULARY

écliappée, /., snatch ; par — 8,

fitfully, here and there, échapper, /r., to escape, avoid;

intr,, escape, échéance, /., falling due, expiration, maturity (of notes, etc);

à longue — , at a long date,

long-dated, échouer, to run aground, be cast

away ; be disappointed.

éclair, m., lightning, flash.

éclaircir (s')» ^ clear, brighten, éclaircissement, m., elucidation,

explanation; insight, éclairer, to light, illuminate;

s' — , to light up, grow bright.

éclat, m.f splendor; outburst;

action d' — , famous deed, brilliant action ; — de rire, burst

of laughter, éclatant, -e, brilliant, dazzling ;

striking, éclater, to burst out, break out ;

cry out ; — de rire, to burst out

laughing.

éclore, to blossom ; open ; hatch

out.

éclos, -e, /./. of éclore.

écolier, m.j school-boy; pupil, écorce,/., bark.

écouler (s')) to pass away, slip

away, écouter, to listen ; hear ; pay at-

t.entioft to.

écrier (s'), to cry out, exclaim, écrire, to write.

écrive, see écrire, ecu, m.f crown (an obsolete French

coin), écureuil, m,, squirrel, écurie, /., stable, édifier, to build ; edify, éduquer, to bring up, educate, effaré, -e, frightened ; wild, effarer, to terrify, scare, effaroucher, to frighten, startle, effet, w., effect; //., things;

clothes ; en — , indeed.

effleurer, to touch lightly, skim over.

efforcer (s'), to exert oneself , try hard.

effrayant, -e, frightful, dreadful.

effrayé -e, frightened, afraid.

effrayer, to frighten, terrify.

effroi, tn,t fright, consternation.

égal, -e, equal, alike, same; c'est — , all the same; m'est — , is all the same to me.

égal, m., -e, /*., equal.

également, equally.

égard, ffi., regard, respect ; à 1' — de, respecting, with regard to.

égarer (s'), to lose one's way; ramble.

égayer (s'), to make merry, divert oneself, cheer up.

égide,/.. Aegis (shield of Jupiter and of Pallas),

église, /., church. [ness.

égoïsme, m., egotism; selfish-

égoîste, egotistic; selfish.

égratignure, /., scratch.

eh, ah J — bien I, well 1 very well I

élan, m., transport, exultation.

élancer (s'), to dart forward; dash ahead.

élastique, elastic, flexible.

électrique, electric.

élégamment, elegantly.

élève, m.j /., pupil, student. '

élevé, -e, raised.

élever, to raise; train; s' — , to arise ; ascend ; raise oneself.

éloigné, -e, distant, far.

éloigner (s'), to go away, withdraw.

émacié, -e, emaciated, thin.

émancipé, -e, freed man, freed woman; unconventional person.

embarcadère, m., wharf.

embarcation, /., boat, craft.

embarquer (s'), to embark.

embarrassé, -e, embarrassed ; obstructed.

VOCABULARY

embarrasser, to embarrass, trouble.

embaumer^ to perfume.

embellir, tr,j to embellish» beautify; intr.f to grow (more) beautiful.

emblée (d'), right away, at the very first.

embrasser, to embrace ; kiss.

émerger, to emerge.

émérite, experienced.

émietter, to crumble.

emmener, to carry off; elope with.

émouvoir, to agitate, move.

emparer (s'), to take possession of, seize.

empêcher, to prevent; hinder; 8* — , to refrain from.

employer, to employ, use, make use of.

empoisonné, -e, poisoned; poisonous.

emporter, to carry off or along, sweep away.

empressé, -e, eager, assiduous ; active.

empressement, m., eagerness, alacrity.

emprunt, m,^ borrowing; loan; d' — , borrowed, artificial.

emprunter, to borrow.

ému, -e, affected^ moved; excited.

émut, see émouvoir.

en, prep.f in, on; like, as.

en, pron.y m,, /"., singly pl.^ some, any.

encadré, -e, framed.

encadrement, m., frame; framing.

enceinte,/., enclosure, precincts.

encens, m., incense.

encombre, m., hindrance, obstacle, difficulty ; accident, [ber.

encombrer y to obstruct, incum-

encore, still; again; however; the more so.

encourageant, -e, encouraging.

encourir, to incur.

encouru, -e, /./. of encourir.

endiablé, -e, bewitched, possessed.

endolorir (s»), to get sore.

endormir (s'), to fall asleep, go to sleep.

endroit, nu^ place; point.

énergique, energetic, vigorous.

énergiquement, energetically ; hard.

enfance, /., childhood.

enfant, w., /., child.

enfantillage, tn.^ child's play.

enfantin, -e, childlike.

enfin, at last ; in short ; after all.

enflammée, -e, flaming, burning.

enfoncer (s'), to plunge; sink.

enfuir (s*), to flee, run away.

engageant, -e, engaging, winning.

engager, to engage; invite; s' — , to get involved, begin.

énigmatique, enigmatical, puzzling.

enjambée, /., stride.

enjamber, to stride over.

enjoué, -e, playful, lively.

enlacer, to embrace; entwine.

enlèvement, m., elopement; abduction.

enlever, to raise ; remove ; elope with; s' — , to rise; rear.

ennemi, m.y -e, /"., enemy, foe.

ennuyer, to bore, be tiresome.

ennuyeu-x, -se, tiresome; annoying.

énorme, enormous, huge.

enroué, -e, hoarse.

enseigner, to teach, instruct.

ensemble, together.

ensemble, m.y whole; collection.

ensoleillé, -e, sunny, bathed in sunshine.

ensommeillé, -e, sleepy.

ensorceler, to bewitch.

ensuivre (s'), to follow, ensue.

VOCABULARY

entaille, /., cut

entamer, to cut into; begin.

entasser, to heap up, pile up; s' — , to accumulate, be piled up.

entendre, to hear; understand; intend; bien entendu, of course ; s' — , to hear or understand one another, agree; s'entend, of course; s'y — , to be skilled in, be a good judge of.

entendre, to hear.

entendu, -e, intelligent; skillful; un air — , a knowing air.

enthousiaste, m,^ /., enthusiast.

enti-er, -ère, entire, whole.

entièrement, entirely, wholly.

entourer, to enclose, surround.

entrain, m., heartiness, spirit, animation.

entraîner, to carry away; drag down, along; lead.

entre, between, among.

entrée,/., entrance, entry ; porte d' — , entrance door.

entremets, m., {cook,) side-dish, entremets.

entreprendre, to undertake.

entrepris, see entreprendre.

entrer, to enter, come in.

entretien, m., talk, conversation.

entrevoir, to catch a glimpse of.

entrevue,/., interview, meeting.

envahir, to invade; overrun; encroach upon. [ping.

enveloppe, /., envelope; wrap-

enverra, see envoyer.

envers, towards, to.

envers, »i., wrong side; à V — , wrong side around.

envie, /., desire, inclination; avoir — de, to have a mind to.

environ, about, thereabouts.

environner, to surround; environ.

envisager, to look in the face, face; consider.

envoler (8')i to fly away ; disappear.

envoyer, to send ; — chercher, to send for ; — promener, to send about one's business.

épais, -se, thick, heavy.

épaisseur, /., thickness, depth.

épanoui, -e, jolly.

épanouir (s'), to blossom ; open.

épargner, to spare, save.

éparpiller, to scatter, strew about.

épaule,/., shoulder; hausser les — s, to shrug one's shoulders.

épave,/., wreck, derelict; stray.

épée,/., sword.

éperdu, -e, distracted, bewildered.

éperon, m., spur.

épier, to watch, spy out.

épineu-x, -se, thorny, difficult.

épingle,/., pin; tire à quatre — s, as if just out of a bandbox, spick and span.

épithète, /., epithet

époque,/., epoch, time.

épouse,/., bride, wife.

épouser, to marry.

époux, m.^ husband ;^/., husband and wife, married couple.

éprouver, to feel, experience.

épurer (s'), to be purified.

équilibre, m., equilibrium, bal< ance.

équipage, m., carriage.

équipée,/., prank, escapade.

ère,/., era, epoch.

errant, -e, wandering, roving.

errements, m, pLy track ; way.

errer, to wander, rove.

erreur, /., error, illusion, mistake.

escalier, m.j staircase, stairs; — en casse cou, break-neck .flight of steps.

escouade,/., (miUt) squad.

espace, m., space, room.

espèce,/., kind, sort.

esi^érer, tr.y to hope for, expect ; inir.f to hope, trust.

espoir, m., hope, expectation.

esprity m.y spirit, mind, sense; wit; un homme d' — , a bright or intelligent man ; un bel — , a wit

esquisser, to sketch, outline.

essai, m., trial, attempt.

essayer, /r., intr^ to try, attempt.

essuyer, to wipe; endure.

estime,/., esteem.

estimer, to regard; esteem ; s' — , to esteem oneself.

estompe,/*., stump (used in crayon work).

étage, m.^ story, floor.

étager, /r., to raise in tiers ; s' — , to rise in tiers.

étancher, to stanch, stop.

étang, m.^ pond.

été, m.y summer.

éteignit (s»), see éteindre (s»),

éteindre (s'), to die away ^r out ; be extinguishedw

étendre, to stretch out, spread.

étendu, -€, reclining, lying.

étendue,/., extent, length.

éternité,/., eternity.

étincelant, -e, sparkling, glittering.

étincelle,/, spark, flash.

étincellement, m,^ sparkling, flashing.

étirer (s'), to stretch oneself.

étoffe,/., stuflE; quality.

étoile, /., star; — de septième grandeur, star of the seventh magnitude.

étonnant, -e, astonishing, surprising.

étonné, -e, astonished.

étonner, to astonish, amaze ; s' — , to be astonished, amazed.

étouffer, to smother, suffocate.

étouffer, to be suffocated, choke.

étourderie, /., thoughtlessness ; blunder.

étrange, strange, queer.

étrangement, strangely.

étrang-er, -ère, strange ; foreign.

étranger, w., -ère, /., stranger ; foreigner ; à V — , abroad, in a foreign land.

être, to be ; belong.

être, f«., being; person.

étreinte, /., grasp ; embrace.

étrier, w., stirrup.

étroit, -e, narrow, tight.

étude, /., study; table d* — s, study-table.

étudier, to study.

européen, -ne, n, and adj\, European.

évangile, m.. Gospel.

évaporer (s*), to evaporate.

éve&lé, -e, awake, wide awake.

éveiller (s'), to awake, wake up.

événement, m.^ event, occurrence.

évidement, evidently.

éviter, to shun, avoid.

exactement, e cactly, accurately.

exactitude, /., exactness, accuracy, [self.

examiner (s^) to examine one-

exaspéré, -e, exasperated.

exclure, to exclude; keep from.

excuser, to excuse, pardon ; s' — , to excuse oneself ; apologize.

exécuter (s'), to sacrifice oneself; pay a wager.

exemple, m.y example; par — , what an idea! indeed! I assure you.

exercice, m.^ exercise, practice; drill.

ex-fiancés, //., those who had been engaged.

exhausser, to heighten ; make taller; make conspicuous.

exiger, to require; demand.

exil, m., exile, banishment.

exister, to exist, live.

exorde, m,, introduction, preliminary speech or words.

expansion, /., demonstrativ»ness, enthusiasm.

explication, /., explahation ; — de famille, family-scene, quarrel.

expliquer, to explain; s' — , to explain oneself, have an explanation.

exploitation, /., cultivation.

exprès, purposely, expressly.

exprimer, to express, declare, tell.

exquis, -e, exquisite.

extérieur, -e, exterior, external.

extraordinairement, extraordinarily, unusually.

extrêmement, extremely.

extrémité, /., extremity, tip.

face, /., front; en — de, facing, opposite.

fâché, -e, angry, vexed; sorry.

fâcher (se), to be, or get, angry, be offended.

fâcheu-x, -se, troublesome, vexatious.

facile, easy.

facilement, easily.

façon, /., fashion, way ; de — à, so as to, in such a way as to.

facnlté, /., faculty, ability.

faiblement, feebly, weakly.

faillir, to fail; come near to, just miss.

faire, /r., to do ; make ; say, tell ; be ; V infin.t to have something done, have someone do something; — Observer, to call to one's attention; ne — que (+ injtn.), to do nothing but; ça ne fait rien, no matter; se — , to be done; be made ; make to or for, oneself, or itself; occur; be; intr.f to do; make; manage; (0/ the

weather) to be; — bon, to be comfortable; il faisait dair, it was light.

fait, m,y fact; case; point in question; an — , in fact; de — , in fact, indeed; en — de, in point of.

falloir, must; ought; be necessary; need; il ne faut pas . . ., it must not be..., one must not. . . ; il me faut..., I need...

fallu, p,p. of falloir.

fameu-x, -se, famous, celebrated.

famiUe, /., family; kindred ; en — , as a family.

fanfare,/., flourish of trumpets.

fantaisie, /., fancy, whim.

fantasque, fanciful; capricious; fantastic

fantastique, fantastic.

fardeau, m., burden, load.

farfadet, m., imp, sprite ; goblin.

farouche, wild, fierce; shy.

fasse, fassent, see faire.

fatigué, -e, fatigued, tired.

faudra, faudrait, see falloir. •

faut, see falloir.

faute,/., fault; mistake; lack; — àe, for want of.

fauteuil, m., arm-chair.

fau-x, -sse, false, erroneous; sham; — pas, misstep; mistake, blunder.

faux, falsely ; (mus^ out of tune.

faux-f uyant, m., subterfuge, evasion.

faveur,/., favor; interest.

favorisé, -e, favorable; peu — , unfavorable.

favoriser, to favor.

fée,/., fairy.

feignis, see feindre.

feindre, to feign, pretend.

fêlé, -e, cracked.

félicité,/., felicity, bliss.

féliciter, to congratulate.

féminin, -e, feminine.

VOCABULARY

femme, /., woman; wife; — de chambre, chamber-maid, • lady's maid; — de charge, housekeeper.

fenêtre,/., window.

fer, «f., iron; horseshoe.

fera, ferait, see faire.

ferme, firm, steady.

fermement, firmly, steadily, steadfastly.

feston, m., festoon.

fête,/., holiday ; festivity ; birthday; se faire — , to greatly enjoy.

feu, m., fire; heat; vivacity, spirit ; — d'artifice, fireworks.

feuillage, «i., foliage, leaves.

feuille,/., leaf; sheet.

feuillée,/., bower, arbor.

feuillet, M., leaf.

feuilleter, to peruse,run through.

feutre, m., felt hat.

fiançailles, /. //., engagement, betrothed.

fiancé, m,, -e, /., person engaged, betrothed.

fiancer, to betroth.

fidèle, true, faithful.

fier (se), to trust to, rely, depend upon.

fi-er, -ère, proud, high-spirited, haughty.

fièvre,/., fever.

fiévreux, m., fever-patient.

figure, /., figure, form ; face.

fil, m., threaid; wire; — télégraphique, telegraph wire.

file,/., row, file.

filer, to shoot past.

filet, m,j small thread; net.

fille,/., girl; daughter.

filleule, /., goddaughter.

filtrer, to filter ; penetrate.

fin, /., end ; toucher à sa — , to be nearly ended; à la — , at last, at length.

fin, -e, fine, delicate.

finance, /., finance; financiers;

la haute — , the wealthy financiers.

finir, /r., to finish ; iWr., to end.

finnois, -e, n. and adj',, Finn, Finnlander; Finnish.

fit, see faire.

fixé, fixed, settled.

fixement, fixedly.

fixer, to fix, fasten; settle; se — , to fix, be fixed; settle.

flacon, f»., small bottle.

flairer, to sniff, scent.

flambant, -e, blazing, fiaming.

flamber, to blaze, fiame.

flamme,/., fire, flame.

flanelle,/., flannel.

flanquer, to fiank.

flatter, to flatter ; caress, stroke.

flatteu-r. Hie, flattering, complimentary.

flèche,/, arrow.

fléchir, /r., to bend; intr,, to bend; yield.

flegmatique, phlegmatic, dull.

fleur,/., flower, blossom ; bloom.

fleurette, /., little flower, fiow-

fleuve, m,t river, stream, [eret.

flot, «f., wave; tide; flood.

flottant, -e, floating; flowing.

flotte,/., fleet.

flotter, to float; waver.

flotille,/., boat races.

fluxion,/., inflammation; — de poitrine, inflammation of the lungs.

foi, /., faith, belief, trust.

fois, /., time; à la — , all at once, at the same time; une — , once ; une — de plus, once more.

folâtre, sportive, playful.

folie,/., madness ; folly ; prank.

follement, m., madly ; foolishly.

foncé, -e, dark.

fonction, /., function ; pi,, functions, duty.

fonctionnaire, m., official ; functionary.

VOCABULARY

fonctionner, to work, operate.

fond, m.f bottom; foundation; fund; further end; background; au — , in the main.

fondre, to melt; — en larmes, to burst into tears.

fontaine, /., fountain; watertank.

fonte,/., cast-iron.

force, /., force; violence; necessity; n'être pas de — , not to be strong enough ; de — , by force.

forcé, -e, forced, unnatural.

forêt,/., forest, woodland.

formaliser (se), to take exception, feel offended.

format, m., form, size.

formel, -le, formal, explicit.

former, to form, make.

formidable, adv,, formidably.

fort, -e, strong, powerful; violent; c'est trop — , it is too much, too bad.

fort, very ; hard, forcibly.

fortement, strongly, vigorously.

fossé, m., ditch.

fou, fol, -le, foolish; mad; excessive.

fou, m,f madman; light-headed fellow.

fouetter, to whip, touch up with the whip.

fougère,/., fern; brake.

fouiller, to dig; search, rummage.

fouillis, m,, thicket.

foule, /, crowd, throng.

fourchette, /., (table) fork.

fourgon, m.f van, carriage.

fourmiller, to swarm, be full of.

fourré, -e, fur-lined, trimmed with fur.

fourreau, m., scabbard, sheath.

fourrure, /., fur.

foyer, m., hearth; fire-place; home.

fracas, m., noise.

fraîcheur,/., coolness, freshness.

frai-8, -îche, cool, fresh; new.

frais, m. pl.f expense, expenses ; charge.

franc, »»., franc (a French coin worth a little less than 20 cents),

franc, -he, frank, sincere.

français, -e, French.

français, f»., French.

franchement, frankly, freely, openly; boldly.

franchir, to pass over, leap over, clear, cross.

franchise,/., frankness, candor.

frapper, tr.y to strike ; make an impression; intr,y to knock, strike, rap ; — dans les mains, — des mains, to clap one's hands.

fredonner, to hum.

frêle, frail.

frémir, to shudder, quiver, tremble.

frémissement, tn,y trembling, vibration.

frère, m., brother.

friandise,/., dainty, sweetmeat.

friser, to curl.

frisson, fv., shivering, shudder, chill.

frissonner, to shiver, shudder.

froid, tn.y cold ; avoir — , to be or feel cold ; faire — , to be cold {of the weather),

froid, -e, cold.

froissement, m., rustling.

froisser, to crumple; graze, rattle.

frôlement, m., rustling ; grazing.

frôler, to graze, touch lightly in passing.

froncer, to contract, wrinkle, knit.

front, m., forehead, brow ; face.

fronton, 01., pediment, fronton.

frotter, to rub ; se — , to rub ; — les yeux, to rub one's eyes.

fuir, to flee, run away.

VOCABULARY

fumée, smoke.

fumer, to smoke; se — , to be smoked.

furibond, -e, furious.

furieusement, furiously.

furieu-x, -se, furious.

furtif , -ve, furtive, stealthy, secret.

fusée, /., rocket ; loud whistle, or cry, of a bird.

fut, fût, see être.

gaffe, /., gaff, boat-hook.

gageure, /., bet, wager.

gagnant, m., winner.

gagner, to gain ; reach ; win over ; overcome.

gai, -e, gay, merry, lively.

gaiement, gaily, merrily.

gaieté,/., gaiety, merriment.

galant, -e, gallant, courteous; un — homme, a gentleman.

galanterie, /., gallantry ; compliment, flattery.

gamin, m., little boy, urchin.

gamme, /., (mus.) scale.

Gange, m., the Ganges.

ganté, -e, gloved.

ganter, to glove.

garçon, m., boy, lad, fellow.

garde, /., guard, defence ; avoir — , to take care ; n'avoir garde de ( + infin.)f to have no fear of, not to be likely to.

garde, m., guard, keeper, warden ; — s à cheval, horse guards.

garder, to keep ; reserve ; — le silence, to remain silent; se

— , to take care not to, refrain from.

gare ! look out I take care.

garni, -e, fiUed; trimmed, garnished.

gâteau, m., cake.

gâter, to spoiL

gauche, left ; clumsy, awkward.

gazon, m., grass ; turf.

gazouillis, m., warbling, twitter.

gelée, /., freeze ; frost.

gémir, to groan; moan.

gêner, to trouble; embarrass; se — , to trouble oneself.

général, m., general; en — , in

general, generally; major,

major-general.

généralement, generally.

généreusement, generously.

généreu-x, -se, generous, benevolent.

génie, m,, genius, spirit.

génisse, /., heifer.

genou, m., knee; être à — x, to be on one's knees.

genre, m,, style ; sort, kind.

gens, m, pLy people, men ; jeunes — , young men. [lite.

gentil, -le, pretty, fine, nice, po-

gentiment, gracefully, prettily.

géorgien, -ne, Georgian.

gésir, to lie.

geste, /., gesture, sign; movement.

giboulée, /., shower.

gigantesque, colossal, gigantic.

gisaient, see gésir.

glace, /., ice; mirror, lookingglass ; — pilée, crushed ice.

glacé, -e, icy ; iced.

glacer, to freeze ; frost.

glacial, -e, icy, frigid.

gland, m., tassel.

glisser, /r., to slip; suggest; whisper ; se — , to slip, creep ; intr.y to slip, slide.

glissoire, /., skating ground.

gorelki, //., a Russian game.

gorge, /., throat.

gosier, m,, throat; à plein — , with full throat, with full voice.

gouffre, fn.,^ulf.

goût, m., taste; smell; liking; avoir du — pour, to have a liking for, be fond of.

VOCABULARY

goûter, tr,t to enjoy; intr.t to lunch.

goutte, /., drop.

gouttelette, /., small drop.

gouvernant, m., governor, ruler; les — 8, those who govern.

gouvernante, /., governess.

gouverné, -e, »»., /., one governed.

grâce, /., grace, favor, mercy; //., thanks.

gracieusement, gracefully.

gracieu-x, -se, graceful ; pleasing; gracious.

grand, -e, great, large; long; tall; grand.

grand-due, m,y grand-duke.

grandement, grandly ; in grand style ; very much.

grandeur, /., magnitude ; grandeur.

grandir, to grow, grow tall.

grappe, /., bunch, cluster.

gras, -se, fat ; rich, oily, greasy.

grave, serious, grave.

gravé, -e, engraved.

gravier, m., gravel.

gravir, to climb.

gravite, /., gravity ; — d'emprunt, affected gravity.

gré, m.y wish; liking; mind; savoir — , to be gratef uL

grec, -que, Greek.

grêle, /., hail ; hail-storm.

grelotter, to shiver.

grenat, m.j garnet.

grenouille, /., frog.

grièvement, severely, gravely.

griller, /r., to enclose with bars ; broil; roast; se — , to be scorched; be roasted; intr., to burn, roast.

grimace, /., grimace; faire la — , to make a fuss (/iV., face).

grimper, to climb.»

grincement, m., scraping, scratching. .

grincer, to grind, grate, squeak.

gris, -e, gray; tipsy.

griser (se), to get tipsy, be intoxicated.

grogner, to growl, grumble.

grommeler, to grumble, growl, mutter.

gronder, to scold, reprimand.

gronderie, /., scolding.

gros, -se, large, big ; dark ; heavy.

grossi-er, -Ire, coarse, rough, rude.

gué, m., ford.

guère, hardly, scarcely; but little, very few.

guéridon, m., round table.

guerre, /., war, warfare ; sur le pied de — , on a war footing.

guise,/., fancy, pleasure, whim ; en — de, by way of.

[All words in which the initial h does not allow the elision of a preceding vowel are marked thus '].

habile, expert, capable, skilful.

habilité, /., ability, skill, cleverness.

habiller, to dress, clothe; s' — , to dress oneself.

habiter, to live, dwell.

habitude, /., habit, custom ; d' — , habitually.

habituel, -le, habitual, customary, usual.

habituer, (s'), to accustom oneself, become accustomed.

'haine, /., hate, hatred.

'haïr, to hate, dislike.

haleine, /., breath ; wind ; hors d' — , out of breath.

'haletant, -e, out of breath, panting.

halluciné, -e, bewildered; (lit.) having hallucinations.

'hardiesse, /., boldness, audaci'

ty.

VOCABULARY

'hardiment, boldly.

harmonie,/., harmony.

harmonieu-x, -se, harmonious.

harnais, m,, harness.

'hasard, m., chance; au — , at random.

'hasarder (se), to risk, venture.

*hâte,/., hurry, haste.

'hater, to hasten, expedite; se — , to hurry, hasten.

'hausser, to raise; — les épaules, to shrug one's shoulders.

'haut, -e, high, tall.

'haut, /»., height, top ; en — de, on top of, at the top of.

'haut, adv.f aloud, loudly ; tout — , aloud.

'hautain, -e, haughty, supercilious.

'hauteur, /., height; haughtiness.

hein! what!

hélas, alas I

herbe, /., grass.

héritier, m., heir, inheritor.

'héros, m,f hero.

hésiter, to hesitate,* falter.

heure,/., hour; o'clock; une — , one o'clock ; de bonne — , early.

heureusement, happily, fortunately, luckily.

heureu-x, -se, happy, lucky, fortunate.

'heurter (se), to strike against one another, jostle one another; clash.

hier, yesterday; avant — , the day before yesterday ; — soir, last evening.

hilarité,/, hilarity, mirth.

hindou(e), Hindoo.

hirondelle,/., swallow.

histoire, /, history, story, narration.

hiver, m., winter.

'hocher, to toss, shake.

homme, m., man; — de bien, good msvn; — de cœur, man

of courage, noble minded man ; le vieil — , the Old Nick ; the evil.

honnête, honest ; virtuous, modest; befitting.

honnêteté,/., honesty; virtue.

honneur, f»., honor.

'honte, /., shame; avoir — , to be ashamed. *

'honteu-x, -se, ashamed.

hop, hop.

horreur,/, horror, abomination.

horriblement, horribly, frightfully.

'hors, out; beyond ; — de son bon sens, out of one's senses; — de, free from.

hospitali-er, -ère, hospitable.

hôte, m.f guest; host.

hôtesse,/, hostess.

'huit, eight.

humain, -e, human; »., human being.

humanité,/, humanity.

humblement, humbly.

humeur, /., humor ; disposition ; ill-humor.

ici, here; hither; now; d' — à trois mois, three months from now.

idée, /, idea, notion ; thought ; mind.

idole,/, idol.

ignorer, to be ignorant of, not to know, be unacquainted with ; s* — , not to understand oneself, be ignorant of one's own capabilities.

île,/, isle, island.

illuminer, to illuminate.

imiter, to imitate, follow one*s example.

immaculé, -e, immaculate, spotless.

VOCABULARY

immobile, motionless.

immortel, -le, immortal.

imparfaitement, imperfectly.

impassible, impassible, impassive, unmoved.

impatienter, to make impatient, provoke.

imperceptiblement, imperceptibly.

imperturbablement, imperturbably.

impitoyable, pitiless, merciless.

impitoyablement, pitilessly, unmercifully.

impoli, -e, impolite, uncivil, discourteous.

importance, /., importance ; d* — , soundly, thoroughly.

importer, to be important ; n'importe, no matter, never mind; qu'importe? what does it matter?

importun.

importunate ;

troublesome, obtrusive.

imposer, to impose, prescribe.

impréyu, -e, unforeseen, unexpected.

inabordable, inaccessible, unapproachable.

inattendu, -e, unexpected, unforeseen.

incarnat, m., carnation; carnation-color.

incartade, /., prank, escapade, folly.

incessamment, incessantly.

incliner, /r., to incline; bend; 8* — , to bow, bend; tntr,y to incline, lean.

incongru, -e, unseemly.

inconscient, unconscious.

inconyenant, -e, improper, unbecoming.

incroyablement, incredibly ; exceedingly.

inculquer, to inculcate.

indécis, -e, undecided, doubtful.

index, m., forefinger.

indice, f»., indication, sign.

indicible, inexpressible.

indigne, unworthy, undeserving.

indigne, m., unworthy person.

indigné, -e, indignant.

indignement, unworthily, scandalously.

indignité, /., indignity, infamy.

indiquer, to indicate, show.

indiscipliné, -e, undisciplined; la jeune — e, the undisciplined, capricious girl.

individu, m., individual; individuality.

indu, -e, unseasonable.

inébranlable, immovable, imshaken, firm.

inégal, -«, unequal, uneven.

inénarrable, unspeakable.

inexprimable, inexpressible.

infamie, /., infamy ; baseness.

infanterie, /., infantry.

infatigable, indefatigable.

inférieur, -e, inferior, lower; unequal.

infinité,/., infiniteness.

informer (s'), to inquire; inform oneself.

infortuné, -e, n, and adj.y unfortunate.

infructueu-x, -se, fruitless, unfruitful.

ingénieu-x, -se, ingenious.

ingénu, m., -e, /., artless, ingenuous person.

ingénument, ingenuously.

ingrat, -e, ungrateful, unthankful.

injure, /., injury, wrong; insult.

injuste, unjust, unfair.

inouï, -e, unheard of; magnificent.

inqui-et, -ète, uneasy, restless, anxious.

inquiétant, -e, alarming.

inquiétude, /., anxiety, uneasiness.

insanité, /., insanity.

VOCABULARY

inscrire, to inscribe; enter; s'était fait — , had been entered.

insensiblement, insensibly, imperceptibly.

insigne, signal, downright.

insister, to insist.

insomnie, /., sleeplessness, insomnia.

insouciance, /., carelessness, indifference, thoughtlessness.

insouciant, -e, careless, heedless.

inspirer, to inspire.

instance, /., entreaty, urging.

instinctivement, instinctively.

instituteur, ' m., instructor ; school-master.

instruire, to instruct; inform; s' -r-, to learn, inform oneself.

insuccès, m., failure.

Intégralement, entirely.

interdire, to prohibit.

interdit, -e, confused.

intéressé, -e, interested, selfish, grasping.

intéresser (s'), to be interested, take an interest in.

intérieur, -e, interior.

intérieur, m.j interior, home; vie d' — , home life.

interlocuteur, m., speaker; questioner.

interloquer, to nonplus.

interrogat-eur, -rice, inquiring.

interrogatoire, m., examination.

interroger, to question; consult; s' — , to question oneself.

interrompre, to interrupt; s' — , to interrupt oneself, cease speaking.

intime, intimate; inmost.

intimer, to notify.

intraitable, unruly, ungovernable.

introduire, to introduce, conduct.

intrus, -e, m., /., intruder.

inusité, -e, unused; unusual.

inutile, useless.

inventer, to invent, devise.

inviolé, -^, inviolate.

inviter, to invite.

invoquer, to invoke, to call upon.

irai (m'en), see aller (s'en).

irréalisable, unobtainable; improbable.

irréconciliable, irreconcilable.

irrémédiable, irremediable, irretrievable.

irrévérencieu-z, -se, irreverent.

irrévérencieusement, irreverently-

isba, /., hut, cabin.

isoler (s'), to isolate oneself, ivoire, ivory.

jaculatoire, exclamatory.

jadis, formerly.

jaillir, to burst out.

jalousie, /., jealousy.

jamais, ever; never.

jambe, /., leg.

Janvier, m.y January; en plein — , right in the middle of January.

jardin, m,, garden.

jardinier, /»., gardener.

jaser, to chatter ; chat.

jaseu-r, -se, chattering.

jatte, /., bowl.

jaune, adj. and n,, yellow.

jeter, to throw ; throw down ; interpose, suggest; se — , to throw oneself.

jeu, m., play, game; — de main, rough play; — de vilain, mean trick ; bear's play.

jeun (à), fasting; not having had breakfast.

jeune, young.

jeunesse, /., youth ; young people, young men.

joie, /., joy, gladness.

VOCABULARY

joindre, /r., to join ; add ; intr.t to join. [ed.

joint, -e, joined; clasped; jointjoli, -e, pretty; pleasing; — e comme un cœur, pretty as a picture.

jonque,/., junk (a Chinese ship),

joue, /., cheek.

jouer, tr.f to play; act, feign; //i/r.y to play ; gamble; trifle; — du piano, to play on the piano ; — à quatre mains, to play a piano duet.

joueur, f».y player ; gambler.

jouir, to enjoy; possess.

jouissance, /., enjoyment, possession.

joujou, m,, plaything, toy.

jour, OT., day ; light ; à — , open ; de nos — s, in our day; sous ce — , in this light, in this way; tous les — s, every day.

journal, /., journal, newspaper.

journée, /., day.

joyeusement, joyfully.

joyeu-x, -se, joyful, merry.

judicieu-z, -se, judicious, wise.

juge, m,, judge; — de paix, justice of the peace.

jugement, m., judgment, opin-

ion, view.

juger, tr.y to judge, bring to

trial; intr.^ to judge.

juif, m.f Jew.

juillet, f»., July.

juin, m.y June, jument, /., mare, jupe, /., skirt ; — à traîne, dress

with a train, jurer, to swear, vow.

jusque, as far as, until, up to;

jusqu'à, until, up to; jusqu'ici,

up to this time, until now ; —

là, so far, up to that time, juste, adj\t just, right; exact;

tight, juste, adv.t exactly, just; au — ,

exactly.

justement, precisely, exactly, justifier, to justify.

kamtchadale, adj\t of Kamchatka.

kilomètre, m., kilometer (about five eighths of a mile),

kiosque, m., pavilion, summerhouse.

kopeck, OT., kopeck (Russian coin worth about three fifths of a cent).

là, there; ^bas, over there,

yonder; — dessus, thereupon.

labyrinthe, m., labyrinth, maze.

lac, m., lake.

lâcher, to let go.

lacune, /., gap, blank.

laid, -e, homely, plain, ugly.

laine, /., wool ; worsted.

laisser, to leave; let; let alone; il laissa aller sa tête, he hung his head.

lait, /»., milk ; — caillé, curdled milk.

laiteu-x, -se, milky, milk white.

laitière, milch (of cows),

lame, /., sheet ; shaft.

lancer, to dart, throw; shoot.

lancier, iti., lancer; //., lancers (a dance).

langue, /., tongue.

languir, to languish, droop ; flag.

laquelle, which, who.

large, broad, wide; large; de long en — , up and down, to and fro.

largeur, /., breadth, width.

larme, /., tear ; pleurer à chaudes larmes, to cry bitterly.

las, -se, tired, weary.

lasser, to weary.

lave, /*., lava.

leçon, /., lesson; lecture.

lecture, /., reading.

lég-er, -^re, light ; slight ; easy.

légèrement, lightly ; slightly.

lendemain, m.^ following day,

morrow, lentement, slowly, lettre, /., letter.

lever, to lift, raise; se — , to

arise, get up ; stand up.

lèvre, y"., lip.

liberté, /., liberty, freedom, libre, free, at liberty ; unguarded,

unconfined.

librement, freely, without restraint, lien, f»., band ; //., bonds, lieu, m,y place, spot; — x communs, common-place topics;

avoir — , to take place, occur ;

au — de, in place of, instead

of.

ligne, /., line ; path, lilas, m.y lilac, lilas, lilac-colored, linge, m,y linen. lionceau, m., young lion, lion

cub; — en bas âge, young

lion cub.

liquide, liquid, lire, to read ; se — , to be read ;

be visible, lisant, see lire, liséré, m,y border, lit, m», bed.

litige, m. y litigation, lawsuit.

littérateur, m., literary man,

man of letters, livrer, to deliver up, give up;

leave, loger, to lodge, live, logis, w., dwelling, lodging;

home, loin, far, distant; au — , at a

distance ; de — en — , at long

intervals, occasionally, lointain, -e, remote, far distant.

loir,*f»., dormouse.

loisir, m.f leisure.

long, -ue, long.

long, m.y length ; de — en large, up and down ; en — et en large, tout au — , tout de son — , at full length ; le — de, along.

longer, to extend ; go along.

longtemps, long, a long time.

loquet, m.y latch.

loriot, m.y oriole.

lors, then ; — de, at the time of; — même, even when.

lorsque, when.

loupe, f.y lens, magnif ying-glass.

lourd, -e, heavy; dull; awkward.

lourdement, heavily.

lu, p.p. of lire.

luciole,/., firefly.

lueur, /., glimmer, gleam.

lumière,/., light.

lumineu~x, -se, luminous.

lune, /., moon ; vaagry, caprice ; la — de miel, the honeymoon.

lunette, /., telescope ; //., spectacles.

lut, see lire.

lutin, m.y imp.

M. (ab. of Monsieur), Mr.

MM. (aâ. of Messieurs), Messrs.

machinalement, mechanically.

machine,/., machine, vehicle.

magique, magic.

magistral, -e, majestic, large.

magnifique, magnificent, splendid.

mai, m.y May.

maigre, thin, slender; poor.

maigreur,/, thinness; slenderness.

maigrir, to grow thin.

main, /., hand; de — morte, gently ; donner la — à quel-

VOCABULARY

qu'un, to shake hands, come

to terms, maintenant, now, at present, maintenir, to maintain, sustain.

maintenu, ste maintenir, mais, but; why; — oui, why

yes ; — non, why no.

maïs, m., Indian corn, maison, /., house ; à la — , at

home ; une vilaine — , a house

of bad reputation.

maisonnée,/., household, maître, m., master, owner, maître, master; very hard, vigorous, maîtresse, /., mistress; passée

— , past mistress, maîtresse, strong ; high spirited ;

superior, majestueusement, majestically, majeur, -e, of age.

mal, m., evil; harm; trouble;

faire — à, to hurt ; — de tête,

headache, mal, ill, badly, bad; — vu, not

esteemed, malade, sick, ill, unwell, maladie, /., illness, malady, maladi-f , -ve, sickly. ful.

maladroit, -e, awkward, unskilmalaise, m.^ uneasiness.

malencontreu-z, -se, ill-timed;

awkward; unlucky.

malgré, in spite of.

malheur, m., misfortune, unhap-

piness.

malheureusement, unfortunately, unluckily.

malheuren-z, -se, unfortunate ;

unhappy, malice, /., mischief, fun ; prank ;

spite, malicieu-z, -se, adj, and /t.,

roguish, arch ; mischievous

person; la — se, the roguish

girl, mali-n, -gne, mischievous, sly,

roguish.

malle, /., trunk ; faire sa — , to pack one's trunk.

malmener, to mistreat, abuse.

maman, y., mamma.

manche, m., handle.

manche, /., sleeve.

manège, m.^ performance, trick.

manger, to eat; ça se mange, that is eaten.

maniement, m., handling, management.

manier, to manage, govern.

manière, /., manner, way.

manivelle, /., handle.

manœuvre,/., manoeuvre, drill; //., evolutions.

manque, in., lack, want.

manquer, /r., to miss, lose; intr,^ to fail; lack, be lacking; — de (-f- an injin,)j to come near to, just miss.

manteau, m.^ cloak, mantle; — d'ordonnance, military cloak.

marbre, m,, marble.

marbré, -e, marbled. [stair.

marche,/., walk; march; step,

marché, m., market; bargain.

marcher, to walk, step ; — devant lui, to walk straight ahead.

mari, m., husband.

mariage, m,, marriage ; demande en — , proposal.

marier, to marry ; se > — , to marry, get married.

marine, /, marine; navy; officier de — , naval officer.

marmouset, m., little boy, urchin.

maroquin, m., morocco.

marque, /., mark, brand; première — , first premium ; first quality.

marquer, to mark.

marquise, /., canopy, awning.

marraine, /., godmother.

marron, m,^ large French chestnut ; — s glacés, chestnuts coated with sugar icing.

VOCABULARY

martre, /., martin, sable; — zibeline, sable.

martyre, m,^ martyrdom.

masse, /., mass, hoard, collection.

massi'f, -ve, bulky, stout.

massif, m., group, solid mass.

matelas, m., mattress.

matelot, m., sailor; boatman; — de service, sailor on duty.

matériellement, materially.

maternel, -le, maternal, mother-

matière, /., matter.

matin, m,, morning; de bon — , early.

matinal, -e, morning, of the morning.

matinée, /., morning; forenoon.

maudit, -e, cursed; wretched, miserable.

maussade, sulky, sullen.

mauvais, -e, bad.

méandre, m.^ meander, winding.

mécanisme, m., mechanism.

méchamment, spitefully, maliciously.

méchant, -e, bad, wretched; wicked, madicious; mischievous.

méconnaissable, unrecognizable.

méconnaître, to misunderstand ; slight, not to appreciate.

méconnu, -e, unacknowledged, unrecognized.

mécontent, -e, discontented, displeased.

mécontenter, to displease.

méditer, to meditate.

méfiance, /., distrust.

meilleur, -e, better; best.

meilleur, m.j best.

mélancolie, /., melancholy.

mélancolique, gloomy, melancholy.

mélancoliquement, sadly, in a melancholy manner.

mélange, m., mixture.

mêlé, -e, mingled, mixed.

mêler, to mingle, mix ; se — , to mingle; meddle, trouble oneself.

membre, m.y member, limb.

même, adj., same; self; very.

même, adv,, even; de — , the same, likewise; tout de — , all the same.

mémoire, /"., memory, remembrance.

menaçant, -e, menacing, threatening.

menacer, to threaten.

ménage, m., housekeeping; household; entrer en — , to begin housekeeping.

ménagement, m,y regard, respect ; caution ; sans — , without any consideration.

ménager, to spare, be careful of.

ménagère,/., housekeeper.

mener, /r., to carry ; lead, bring ; direct ; intr.y to drive ; lead ; go.

mensonge, m,y lie, falsehood.

menteu-r, m,j -se,/., liar.

mentir, to lie ; tell a story.

menton, f»., chin.

menu, -e, small, slender.

menu, adv.^ small.

méprendre (se), to be mistaken.

méprisable, contemptible.

merci, m., thanks; thank you; Dieu — I thank God; grand — , very much obliged.

mercredi, m. y Wednesday.

mère,/., mother.

mérite, m., merit, desert.

mériter, to deserve, merit.

merle, m., blackbird.

merveille,/., marvel, wonder; à — , wonderfully well.

merveilleu-z, -se, wonderful, marvellous.

mesdames, /. pL (of madame), ladies.

mesquin, -e, mean, shabby.

mess,/., mess, officers' table.

VOCABULARY

messieurs, m, pL (of monsieur)^ gentlemen, Messrs.

mesure y /., measure; à — , in proportion, accordingly ; en — , in time.

mesuré, -e, measured, slow.

métairie, /., small farm ; land worked on shares.

métamorphose,/*., metamorphosis, transition.

méthodique, methodical, systematic.

méthodiquement, methodically, systematically.

métier, m,, trade, business.

mètre, «., meter (jç.jy inches^ or I. OÇ yards).

mettre, to put; put on, wear, dress ; use ; set down ; consider; se — , to set oneself; begin ; se — en colère, to fly in a passion, get angry,

meublé, -e, furnished.

meurs, see mourir.

meurtrir, to bruise.

mi-corps, m., waist,

midi, m.f noon. .

mie,/., crumb.

miei, m,^ honey.

mien, -ne, mine.

mieux, adv,y better; more; better off; tant — 1 so much the better !

mieux, m., better, best ; de mon — , as well as I could ; de son — , as well as he, or she, could.

mieux, adj.f better.

mignon, -ne, little, dainty ; pretty-

mignonne,/., darling.

milieu, ;»„ middle, center ; au — ,

in the midst, militaire, military, mille, m. and adj,^ thousand, millier, m.^ thousand, mine,/., aspect, mien, minuit, m., midnight, miroir, m., mirror.

mis, /./. of mettre.

miserable, m.^f, wretch.

misère,/., misery, distress.

mit, see mettre.

mobilier, /»., furniture.

mode,/, fashion, style; à la —, fashionable.

modèle, m,j model, copy.

modérer (se), to moderate oneself, keep one's temper; moderate.

modestement, modestly.

moelleusement, softly, comfortably.

moelleu-x, -se, soft.

moi, m., self, the ego.

moindre, less; least.

moins, less; à — que, unless; de — en — , less and less.

moins, m., least ; au — , at least.

mois, m., month.

moisi, -e, mouldy, musty.

moitié,/, half; à — , half, half finished.

moléculaire, molecular.

mondain, -e, worldly, mundane.

monde, /»., world; society ; company; people; tout le — , everybody.

monsieur, m., sir; Mr.; the gentleman.

monstre, m., monster.

monté, excited, angry.

monter, />*., to mount ; ride; intr., to mount ; climb ; go up stairs ; — à cheval, to ride on horseback.

montrer, to show, point out ; se — , to appear.

monture,/, horse, steed.

moquer (se), to ridicule, make fun of; not to care.

moqueu-r, -se, mocking.

moral, -e, moral.

moral, m., mind, spirit ; ethics, moral» ; au — , morally.

morale, /., ethics, morals.

morceau, ^., piece, lump.

VOCABULARY

mordoré, -e, reddish brown with gold luster.

mordre, to bite ; gnaw.

morty —ey dead.

mortel, m., -le,/., mortal.

mot, 01., word; expression; sentence; sans — dire, without saying a word.

motif, m.t motive, cause, [girl.

mottche, /., fly; fine — , shrewd

mouchoir, m,, handkerchief; — de poche, pocket-handkerchief.

moue,/., pout, wry face.

mouillé, -e, wet, arenched.

moulin, m., mill; — à vent, wind-mill. [son.

mourant, -e, w., /., dying per-

mourir, to die.

mousse, /., moss.

mousseline, /., muslin.

mousseline, very fine, delicate.

mouton, m,f sheep; douce comme un — , gentle as a lamb.

mouvement, m., movement; impulse, emotion.

mouvoir, to move.

moyen, m,, means, way; power; employer les grands — s, to resort to extreme measures.

mû, p,p, of mouvoir.

muet, -te, mute, silent.

mugissement, m., lowing.

mûr, -e, ripe ; mature.

muraille, /., (high) wall; rampart.

murmurer, to mutter, whisper.

musée, /»., museum ; art gallery.

musique, /., music; band; — militaire, military band.

mutin, -e, roguish, mischievous.

mutinerie, /., unruliness, mischievousness.

mutuel, -le, mutual.

myosotis, m., forget-me-not.

mystérieu-z, -se, mysterious; »., mysterious person.

nager, to swim.

nai-f , -ve, artless, ingenuous.

naissance, /., birth.

naître, to be born.

nappe, /., cloth, table-cloth.

narine, /., nostril.

narquois, -e, n, and adj,^ sly, mischievous.

natte, /., mat.

natter, to braid.

naturel, m., disposition.

naturellement, naturally.

navire, m., vessel, ship.

navré, -e, broken-hearted.

ne, no, not ; — ... que, only, but.

né, -e, bom.

néanmoins, nevertheless, however.

nécessaire, necessary, needful.

nécessité, /., need, want.

négati-f , -ve, negative.

négliger, to neglect, disregard.

négocier, to negotiate, treat with.

neige, /., snow.

néophite, fn.,/., new-comer, newconvert.

nerf, m., nerve, fortitude.

nerveu-x, -se, nervous.

net, -te, plein, distinct.

net, entirely, short ; flatly.

neuf, m, and adj.j nine, ninth.

neu-f, -ve, new.

Neva, /., the river Neva.

nez, m., nose; face; le — en avant, forward.

ni, neither ; ni ... ni, neither . . .

nor.

niche, /., trick; dog-kennel; faire des — s, to play tricks.

nid, m,f nest.

nier, to deny.

nimbe, m., nimbus, halo.

noblesse, /., nobility ; bonne — , a good family of nobles.

noce, /., wedding, marriage.