livre de — , account-book; le
y est, the account is correct.
compter, to count, expect, rely; à —
de, from.
comte, ;;/., count.
comtesse, /, countess.
concevoir ( — , concevant, conçu, conçois, conçus), to conceive, imagine, concurrent, -e, competing, rival.
concurrent, m., competitor, rival.
conçut, prêt, of concevoir, condamner, to condemn, convict.
condition, /., condition; à — que,
provided that; à la — , with the
understanding.
conduire ( — , conduisant, conduit,
conduis, conduisis), to conduct,
lead.
confesser, to confess. confesser (se), to go to confession.
confiance, /, confidence.
confiant, -e, confident, trustful.
confier, to confide, intrust.
confirmer, to confirm, confiseur, ;//., confectioner.
confiture, f, préserve, jam.
confrère, m., colleague.
confus, -e, confused, indistinct.
conjuré, ;«,, confederate.
conjurer, to conspire, plot, conjure,
entreat.
connaissance, /, knowledge, ac-
quaintance.
connaisseur, ;;/., connoisseur, good
judge.
connaître ( — , connaissant, connu,
connais, connus), to know; se —
en, to be a good judge of.
connu, known.
Conrad (von Hochstaden), arch-
bishop of Cologne; in 1248 he
laid the corner stone of the cathe-
dral.
consacrer, to consecrate, dévote.
conscience, /, conscience.
conseil, ;//,, counsel, advice, board.
consentir {^conj. like sentir), to consent, approve.
conséquence,/, conséquence; en — , consequently.
conséquent, -e, conséquent; par — , consecjuently.
conserver, to préserve.
considérer, to consider, look at.
consigner, to put in consignment, consign; to state, record.
consister, to consist; — en, to consist in.
consoler, to console, comfort.
consoler (se), to be comforted.
consommation, /, consumption, use.
consommer, to consume.
consonne, /, consonant.
conspiration, f, conspiracy, plot.
constamment, constantly.
Constantin, Constantine I, surnamed the Great, Roman emperor (306-
Constantinople, Constantinople.
consterner, to dismay.
constructeur, m., constructor, builder.
construction, /, construction.
construire ( — , construisant, construit, construis, construisis), to construct, build, erect.
consulter, to consult.
contact, m., contact.
contemporain, m., contemporary.
contemporain, -e, contemporaneous.
contenir {conj. like tenir), to contain.
contenir (se), to restrain one's self.
content, -e, pleased, satisfied, glad; — de, pleased with, glad of or to.
contenter, to satisfy.
contenter (se) de, to be satisfied with.
conter, to tell, relate.
contient, see contenir.
continuer, to continue, go on.
contourner, to turn round.
contraire, contrary.
contrarier, to oppose, provoke.
contraste, m., contrast.
contre, against, on, up, for.
contrée, /, country.
contribuer, to contribute.
contrition, /, contrition, repentance, remorse.
convalescence, f., convalescence.
convenir (^conj. like venir), to agrée, suit, become.
convenir (se), to be suited to one another.
convention, /, convention; La Convention, National Convention (1792-1795).
conventionnel, -le, conventional.
conventionnel, ;//., member of a convention.
conversation, /., conversation, talk.
conversion, /, conversion.
converti, m., converted person.
convertir ( — , convertissant, converti, convertis, convertis), to be converted, turn.
convexité, /, convexity, roundness.
convient, ind. près, of convenir.
convive, m., guest.
convoquer, to convoke, call together.
convulsion, /', convulsion.
copeau, 7n., chip, shaving.
copie, /., copy.
copieu-x, -se, copious, plentiful.
cor, VI., horn.
corail, m. {pi. coraux), coral.
corbeille, /, basket.
Corinthe, Corinth, ancient city of Greece; from it Vi^e hâve our currant.
corne, /, horn; see ouvrage; faire des — s à, to make sign of horns at (fun of ) somebody.
corniche, /, cornice.
corps, m., body, corps; en — , together, in a body; — à — , hand to hand ; — de logis, main building.
correct, -e, correct.
corriger, to correct.
corrompre ( — , corrompant, corrompu, corromps, corrompis), to corrupt, bribe.
corrupt-eur, -rice, corrupting.
corrupteur, w., corrupter.
corruption, /., corruption.
cortège, w., procession, escort.
cosaque, w., Cossack.
costume, ///., costume, suit.
côte, /, hill.
côté, ?«., side, direction ; à — de, as compared with, beside, adjoining; de mon — , on my part.
coteau, m., hill, slope.
côtelette, /, chop, cutlet.
coter, to quote, state.
cotte, /, coat; — de maille, coat of mail.
COU, ;;/., neck.
coucher, to put to bed, sleep; lay flat (down).
coucher (se), to go to bed, {^of the siui) set.
couchette, /, couch, bedstead.
couler, to flow, run.
couleur, /, color.
coulevrine, /, culverin, ancient cannon.
coup, m., blovi^, stroke, trick, shot, report, draught; — sur — , one after another; tout à — , suddenly; d'un — ,allofasudden; — d'œil,glance; faire un — , to make a haul.
coupable, guilty.
coupable, m., culprit.
couper, to eut, eut ofï; ça ne se coupe pas, that can't be eut.
cour, /, court, courtyard.
courage, m., courage.
couramment, readily, fluently.
courant, -e, current.
courant, w., current, draught; se retrouva au — de, had again straightened out; au — , informed.
courir ( — , courant, couru, cours, courus), to run (about).
couronne, /, crown.
couronné, -e, crowned.
couronner, to crovi^n.
cours, 7)1., course.
cours, près. ind. ist sing. of courir.
course, /, excursion.
coursier, ;//., courser, steed.
court, -e, short.
court, près. ijid. ^d sing. of COurir.
courte-pointe, /, quilt, coverlet.
courtine, /, curtain (of a bed), rampart.
courut, prêt, of courir.
cousin, m., cousin.
couteau, m., knife,
coûter, to cost ; en — à,tobepainfulto.
coutume, /, custom, habit.
couvent, w., convent.
couvert, m., cover ; plate, napkin, fork,
etc.
couvert, p.p. of couvrir, couverture, /, blanket.
couvrir ( — , couvrant, couvert,
couvre, couvris), to cover.
craign +, see craindre, craindre ( — , craignant, craint,
crains, craignis), to fear.
crainte, /, fear, dread.
crainti-f, -ve, fearful, timid, shy.
cramponner, to cramp.
cramponner (se), to cling.
crayon, m., pencil.
créancier, m., creditor.
créateur, w., creator, author.
création, /, création.
créature, /, créature.
créneau, /«., loophole, embrasure.
crème, /, cream.
crêpe, m., crape; dark veil.
creuser, to dig, hollow.
creu-x, -se, hollow, sunken.
crevasse, /, crevice, crack.
cri, m., cry.
crier, to cry out.
crime, ;«., crime.
crinière, /, mane.
cristal, -e, crystal.
critique, m., critic, judge.
critique, critical, censorious.
critique, /, criticism.
croire ( — , croyant, cru, crois, crus),
to believe, think. croiser, to cross.
croissait, imperf. of croître, croître, to grow, increase.
croix, /, cross.
crosse, f., crosier, bishop's crook.
croupe,/, croup, rump; en — ,behind.
croûte, /, crust, daub.
croyais, impei-f. of croire, croyance, /, belief.
croyant, près. part, of croire.
cru, ;;/., brand, growth; vin du — ,
wine of the country; — de Moët,
Moët seal.
cru, see croire.
cruauté, /, cruelty.
crucifier, to crucify.
cruel, -le, cruel.
crucifix, w., crucifix.
crut, see croire.
cuir, w., leather.
cuirasse, /, cuirass, breastplate.
cuirassier, 771., cuirassier.
cuire ( — , cuisant, cuit, cuis, cuisis),
to cook, bake.
culinaire, culinary.
curé, w., priest.
curieu-x, -se, curious.
curieux, m., inquisitive person.
curiosité, /, curiosity.
d' = de.
daim, ;;/., deer, stag.
dalle, /, flagstone.
dame, /, lady.
damné, damned.
Danaïdes, Danaides (Greek myth.), for murdering their husbands, were condemned in Hades to fiU sieves with water.
danger, w., danger.
dangereu-x, -se, dangerous.
dans, in, into, amid, during.
date, /, date.
dater, to date.
davantage, more.
de, of, from, with, in, by, to ; ( -f- partitive art.^ some, any; {before mimerais') than; — ce que, because.
débarcadère, m., landing place.
débarrasser, to rid.
débattre ( — , débattant, débattu, débats, débattis), to discuss.
débattre (se), to struggle.
débonnaire, gentle, mild; Louis le — (778-840), son and successor of Charlemagne.
debout, standing; se tenir — , to stand up.
débris, m., ruins.
déchirer, to tear.
déchu, past. part, of déchoir.
décider, to décide, influence, persuade.
décisi-f, -ve, décisive, positive.
décision, /, décision.
déclarer, to déclare.
déclarer (se), to take sides.
décoller, to loosen, unglue, remove.
découler, to trickle, drop, flow, be
derived.
découvert, open, discovered, uncov-
ered.
découvrir (^conj. like couvrir), to dis-
cover, find, open.
décrier, to disparage, depreciate.
dédain, m., disdain, contempt.
dedans, in, therein; là — , therein;
en — , inside.
dédommager, to pay, recompense.
dédommager (se), to make up, in-
demnify one's self.
défait, past part, of défaire, défait, -e, dejected.
défaite, /, defeat.
défaut, m., defect, failing; à — de,
for lack of.
défendre, to défend, forbid.
défense, /, défense, défenseur, w., defender, défiance, /., défiance, déficit, m., déficit.
défier, to de/y.
défier (se), — de, to be on one's guard
against.
défilé, m., march, pass, défile.
dégoûter, to discourage, disgust.
déguster, to taste, relish.
dehors, out, out of doors, outside; en
— , outside.
déjà, already.
déjeuner, m., breakfast.
déjeuner, to breakfast.
délabrer, to tear to tatters, ruin, de-
stroy.
délai, m., delay.
délibérer, to deliberate.
délicat, -e, délicate, délicatesse, /, delicacy.
délicieu-x, -se, delicious, delightful.
délicieusement, delightfuUy.
délier, to untie.
demain, m., to-morrow.
demande, /, demand, request.
demander, to ask, ask for.
démantelé, -e, dismantled, demol-
ished.
démêler, to disentangle, recognize,
unravel, hâve to do with.
demeure, /, résidence, habitation.
demeurer, to live, dwell, remain, demi, half; à — , halfway.
demi-lune, /, demilune : outvi^ork
covering the shoulders and curtain
of a bastion.
demi-portée (à), vi^ithin easy reach.
démission, /, résignation ; donner sa
— , to resign (a charge).
demoiselle, /, young lady.
démoli, -e, demolished.
démolir, to demolish.
démon, m., devil.
démonstration, /, démonstration,
manifestation.
démonté, unhorsed.
démontrer, to demonstrate, prove.
dénoncer, to denounce, betray.
dénonciation, /, denunciation.
dent, /, tooth.
départ, ;;/., departure, setting out.
département, m., department.
dépasser, to surpass, exceed, go be-
yond.
dépêcher, to dispatch.
dépécher (se), to hurry.
dépenser, to spend.
déplorer, to déplore, mourn.
déposer, to lay down, place, dethrone.
dépôt, m., deposit, trust.
dépouiller, to despoil, strip, rob.
depuis, since, afterward, frora, for;
— que, since; — quand, since, how
long? — ... jusqu'à, from . . . to.
député, m., deputy, représentative.
déranger, to dérange, put out of order,
disturb.
dérive (en), adrift.
dériver, to dérive, drift, spring.
derni-er, -ère, last. dérouler, to unroll.
déroute, /, rout, defeat.
derrière, behind.
des = de les.
dès, from, at the very, even; — lors,
from that time, ever since; — le
matin, early in the morning.
désaccorder, to set at variance, put
out of tune.
désagrément, m., unpleasantness.
descendant, ni., descendant, offspring.
descendre, to go down, come down,
get out, stop at.
descente, /, descent.
désert, m., désert, wilderness.
désert, -e, solitary, unfrequented.
désespérer, to despair.
désespérer (se), to despond, give way
to despair.
déshabiller, to undress.
déshabiller (se), to take off one's
clothes.
déshonorer, to dishonor, disgrâce.
déshonorer (se), to dishonor one's
self.
désigner, to designate, assign, indi-
cate.
désintéressement, m., disinterested-
ness, solicitude.
désir, ;«., désire.
désirer, to désire, want, long for.
désireu-x, -se, desirous.
désolé, -e, sorry, sorrowful.
dessert, m., dessert, dessin, m., drawing, painting.
dessiner, to draw, sketch, outline.
dessous, under, underneath.
destiné, past part, of destiner, destiner, to destine, be fit to.
destruction, /, destruction.
détachement, m., detachment.
détacher, to untie, detach.
détacher (se), to stand out in relief, détail, m., détail.
détaillé, -e, detailed, particular.
déterminer, to détermine, ascertain.
détour, m., bend, turning.
détourner (se), to turn away.
détromper, to undeceive, disabuse.
détromper (se), to be undeceived.
détruire ( — , détruisant, détruit, détruis, détruisis), to destroy.
deuil, m., mourning.
deux, tvvo.
devancier, -ière, w. or /., predecessor.
devant, m., front; adv., in front;
prep., before, in front of, in the
présence ofo
dévaster, to lay waste, devastate.
devenir ( — , devenant, devenu, deviens, devins), to become (of).
devenu, see devenir.
deviendrai, fut. of devenir.
devoir (— , devant, dû, dois, dus), to owe, must, ought, be to, be necessary.
devoir, m., duty.
dévorer, to devour.
dévotement, devotedly, devoutly.
dévotion, /, dévotion, attachment.
dévouement, m., dévotion, selfsacrifice.
diable, w., devil; que — , what the deuce !
diabolique, diabolic, devilish.
dialoguer, to converse, talk.
diamant, ;//., diamond.
diapré, -e, diapered, variegated.
diète, fil., diet, national assembly, diet, abstinence.
dieu, ;;/., god, deity, divinity.
Dieu, w., God; mon — , Heavens!
good gracious !
différence, /, différence.
différent, -e, différent (from), unlike.
différer, to differ, disagree, defer, postpone.
difficile, difficult.
difficilement, with difficulty.
digne, worthy.
dîme, /, tithe.
dimension, /, dimension.
dîmes, see dire.
dîner, to dine ; — à la française, to dine after the French fashion.
dîner, m., dinner ; un — pris sur tous les — s, a dinner made up from the remains of a dinner ; petit — , warm lunch.
diocésain, -e, diocesan.
diplomate, m., diplomat.
diplomatie, /, diplomacy.
diplomatique, diplomatie.
dire ( — , disant, dit, dis, dis), to say, tell; on dit, it is said.
direct, -e, direct.
dh-ection, /, direction.
diriger, to direct, lead.
diriger (se), to proceed.
dis, see dire ; que dis-tu de, what do you think of ?
discorde, /., discord, dissension.
discours, m., discourse, speech.
discussion, f., discussion, debate.
disette, /, famine, dearth.
disparaître ( — , disparaissant, disparu, disparais, disparus), to disappear.
dispenser, to dispense, deal out, exempt, excuse; se — (de ),to dispense (with), excuse one's self (from).
disperser, to disperse, scatter.
disposition, /, disposition, disposai.
dispute, /, dispute, quarrel.
disputer, to dispute.
disputer (se), to quarrel, hâve words about.
dissimuler, to conceal.
distance, /., distance.
distinct, -e, distinct, clear.
distinctement, distinctly.
distinguer, to distinguish, discern, perceive.
dites, indic. près, and i??iper. 2d pi. of dire.
divinité, /, divinity.
dix, ten.
dix-huit, eighteen.
dixième, m., tenth.
doigt, /, finger.
doit, près, of devoir.
doivent, près, of devoir.
domaine, m., domain, property, fîeld.
dôme, m., dôme, cathedral.
domestique, m. or f., servant, help.
domestique, domestic, tamed.
dominer, to dominate, overlook, rise above, control.
dommage, w., pity, loss, damage; c'est — , it is too bad.
don, m., gift.
donc, therefore, then, now, just, pray.
donner, to give ; — sur, open on, lead to; — pour, exhibit as, pass for.
dont, whose, of whom, of (with, in, from, by) which,
Dordrecht, a town in Rolland.
dormeur, m., sleeper.
dormir ( — , dormant, dormi, dors, dormis), to sleep.
dos, m., back; — à — , back against
back, opposite.
dose, /, dose, portion. double, m., twofold.
doublé, -e, lined.
doublement, doubly.
doubler, to double, heighten, line, ac-
celerate.
douce, see doux, doucement, gently, slowly.
douleur, /, pain, grief.
doute, m., doubt.
douter, to doubt; se — de, suspect.
douteu-X, -se, doubtful, uncertain.
dou-x, -ce, sweet, gentle, mild.
douzaine, /, dozen.
douze, twelve.
douzième, twelfth.
Drachenfels, one of the range of
mountains called Siebengebirge =
" the seven mountains." dragon, vi., dragon.
drame, m., drama.
drap, m., cloth, bed sheet.
drapeau, m., flag, standard, dresser, to raise, erect, lift up, prépare, dresser (se), to rise, stand up.
droit, m., right, duty, lavv.
droit, -e, right, straight; à droite
(de), to (on) the right; tout — ,
straight ahead.
drôle, m., rogue.
Drusus,surnamed Germanicus(38-9),
Roman gênerai.
dû, see devoir, duc, m., duke.
ducal, -e, ducal.
ducat, m., ducat, gold or silver coin
of varying value.
dur, -e, hard; avoir le sommeil — ,
to sleep soundly.
durent, see devoir, durer, to last, endure, dut, see devoir.
eau,/ (//. eaux), water; — d'Ems,
baths of Ems.
éblouir, to dazzle; ébloui qu'il était,
so dazzled was he.
ébranler, to shake, unsettle.
ébranler (s'), to move, give way.
écaille, /, shell, scale.
écaillé, -e, scaly.
écailler, to scale, peel off.
écarter, to push aside, remove.
ecclésiastique, ecclesiastic, clérical.
échafaud, w., scaffold, gallows.
échafaudage, m., scaffolding.
échalas, m., stake, pôle, stick.
échange, m., exchange.
échanger, to exchange, change.
échanson, ;//., cup bearer.
échantillon, ;//., sample, pattern.
échapper, to escape, run away.
échelle, f., ladder, scale.
écho, m., echo«
échouer, to strand, fail.
éclair, w., lightning, flash; un — brilla, there was a flash.
éclairer, to light, light up.
éclairer (s'), to grow bright.
éclat, ;;/., splinter, splendor; — de rire, burst of laughter.
éclatant, -e, bright.
éclater, to burst, explode.
éclore, to open, corne to light; faire — , to bring to light.
écolier, tn., scholar, student, apprentice.
économique, économie, sparing.
écouler, to run out.
écouler (s'), to lapse, pass.
écouter, to listen (to).
écraser, to crush, trample down.
écraser (s'), to crumble.
écrire ( — , écrivant, écrit, écris, écrivis), to Write.
écriteau, m., sign.
Ecriture, /, Scripture, Bible.
écu, ;//., crown (coin = 6o cents).
écueil, m., reef, rock.
écuelle, /, bowl.
écume, /, scum, froth.
écurie, /, stable.
écuyer, w., esquire, rider, horseman.
édifice, m., edihce, building, structure.
effacer, to eff"ace, wash out.
effacer (s'), to keep in the background, disappear.
effaroucher, to scare, frighten.
effectivement, effectively, really, in-
deed.
effervescent, -e, efi"ervescent, warm-
blooded.
effet, 771., effect, povver; en — , in
reality, in fact.
efficace, efiîcacious, efficient, effort, 771., effort, exertion.
effrayant, -e, frightful, dreadful.
effrayer, to frighten, scare away.
égal, -e, equal; C'est — , it makes no
différence.
égard, w., regard, respect; à son — ,
toward her (him).
égarer, to lead astray, mislead.
égarer (s'), to get lost, fall into error. église, /, church.
eh, ah ! — bien, well ! — quoi, what ! élancé, -e, well shaped, tall and thin. élancer, to send forth, push on.
élancer (s'), to jump, rush, follow,
run out.
élargir, to enlarge.
élargir (s'), to widen, enlarge.
électeur, ;//.,elector; in the old Ger-
man empire, a prince who had the
right of electing the emperor.
électoral, électoral, élégant, -e, élégant, fashionable»
élément, /«., élément.
élève, 771., scholar, student.
élever, to raise.
élever (s'), to rise, arise.
éloigné, -e, distant, éloigner, to remove.
éloigner (s'), to go away.
élu, chosen, elect.
embarras, 771., embarrassment, per-
plexity.
embarrassé, -e, embarrassed.
embarrasser, to embarrass.
emblème, 771., emblem, type, emboîter, to fit around.
embrasser, to embrace, kiss.
embryon, ;;/., embryo; — de casquette, wee bit of a cap.
émeute, /, riot, disturbance.
émigrer, to emigrate.
emmener, to take (away), drive.
emparer (s'), to seize; — de, to get
possession of, seize.
empêcher, to prevent.
empereur, m., emperor.
empêtré, entangled, hampered.
empilé, -e, piled up.
empire, m., empire, dominion.
emplacement, m., site, situation.
employer, to use, employ.
empoigner, to seize, grasp.
empoigner (s'), to seize each other.
empoisonner, to poison.
emporté, -e, engrossed in, enthusiastic
over.
emporter, to carry off; 1' — sur, to
prevail over.
emporter (s'), to fly into a passion.
empreint, -e, impressed.
empressement, ?;/., eagerness, cordi-
ality.
emprunter, to borrow.
Ems, town, near the confluence of the
Lahn and Rhine; watering place.
en, in, into, on; {l>efo?-e près, part.)
in, while, on; of ; as, like; de . . .
— , from . . . to; {proji.) of (from,
with) it, them, some, any.
enceinte, /, inclosure, wall.
enchaîner, to chain, put in chains.
enchanté, wonderful, delightful, en-
chanted, delighted.
enchantement, 7?i., enchantment,
magie.
enchanteresse, /, sorceress.
enchanteur, vi., enchanter, magician.
enchante-ur, -resse, charming, en-
chanting.
encombre, m., impediment, obstacle;
sans — , unimpeded.
encombré, -e, blocked up.
encore, yet, still, again; more; how-
ever; — un (une), another; cela
allait — , things went well enough.
encouragement, m.., encouragement, encourager, to encourage.
endormir {conj. like dormir), to luU
(rock) asleep.
endormir (s'), to fall asleep.
endroit, ?n., spot, place; à 1' — de, in
bis dealings with.
énergique, energetic.
enfant, m. or /., infant, child.
enfer, m., hell, Hades.
enfermer, to shut up (in), confine.
enfermer (s'), to shut one's self up.
enfin, at last, finally.
enflammer, to inflame.
enflammer (s'), to be fired.
enfoncer, to sink, drive in, bury, break open.
enfoncer (s'), to give way, plunge, enter.
enfouir, to bury, conceal, put in ground.
enfuir (s') {conj. like fuir), to flee.
engagement, m., engagement, contract, agreement.
engager, to persuade, enlist, promise, mortgage.
engager (s'), to bind one's self, engage in, enter into.
engloutir, to swallow up.
engloutissant, près. part, of engloutir.
engraissé, -e, grown fat.
engraisser, to fatten.
enhardir, to embolden.
enlacer, to interweave, clasp.
enlever, to take away, remove.
ennemi, jn , enemy.
ennemi, -e, hostile.
énorme, enormous, immense.
enregistrer, to register, note down.
enrichir, to enrich.
enrichir (s'), to grow rich.
enrouler (s'), to roU one's self up.
ensemble, together.
ensemble, vi., whole, ensemble, combination.
ensuite, then, next, afterward.
entamer, to break through.
entasser, to heap up, pile up, cram in.
entendre ( — , entendant, entendu, entends, entendis), to hear, understand, listen.
entendre (s'), to agrée; — avec, to come to an understanding with.
enterrer, to bury.
enthousiasme, m., enthusiasm.
enti-er, -ère, whole, entire.
entièrement, entirely, whoUy.
entour (à 1'), about, around.
entourer, to surround.
entrailles, / //., entrails, heart.
entraîner, to carry, lead, drag away,
bring about.
entre, between, among, in.
entrebâiller, to set ajar, half-open, entrée, /, entrance.
entrefaite,/, interval, meantime; sur
ces — s, in the meantime.
entrégorger (s'), to eut each other's
throats, kill each other.
entrelacer, to interlace, interweave;
les doigts entrelacés, with clasped
hands.
entremets, ;;/., side dish.
entreprendre, to undertake.
entreprise, yC, undertaking, enterprise.
entretenir (s'), to entertain one's self, entrer, to go in, enter, entrevoir (^conj. like voir), to catch a
glimpse of.
entrevu, past part, of entrevoir, entr'ouvrir {conj. like ouvrir), to halfopen, set ajar.
envelopper, to surround, envelop.
envergure, /, breadth, spread.
envers, m., toward, reverse; à 1' — ,
inside out.
envie, /, envy, désire, envieu-x, -se, envious, desirous, wish-
ing.
environnant, -e, neighboring.
environ, adv., about.
environs, m. pi., environs, vicinity.
envisager, to look upon, regard, con-
sider.
envoler (s'), to fîy away.
envoyé, w,, messenger.
envoyer (— , envoyant, envoyé,
envoie, envoyai), to send; — chercher, to send for.
épais, -se, thick.
épanchement, m., effusion, outpour-
ing.
épanouir, to open (blow, bloom).
épanouir (s'), to brighten up.
épaule, /, shoulder.
épaulette, /, epaulet.
épée, /., sword.
éperdu, -e, distracted, frantic.
épine, /, thorn.
épiscopal, episcopal, belonging to
(governed by) bishops.
éponge, /, sponge, paste (dough).
époque, f., time, period.
épouser, to marry.
épouvante, /, fear.
épouvanter, to terrify.
épouse, f., spouse, vvife.
époux, ;//., husband.
épreuve, /, test, expérience.
éprouver, to test, find out, feel.
épuiser, to exhaust; drain; tire out.
équipage, w., équipage, crew.
ériger, to erect, raise, build.
ermitage, m., hermitage.
ermite, ;//., hermit.
errant, -e, wandering.
errer, to wander, err, roam.
erreur, /, error, mistake.
escadron, w., squadron.
escalier, w., stairs, stairway.
escarpé, -e, steep.
escarpement, w., escarpment, steep-
ness.
escorte, /, escort.
escorter, to escort, accompany.
espace, m., space, distance.
Espagne, /, Spain.
Espagnol, Spanish.
Espagnol, ;«., Spaniard.
espèce, /, sort, kind.
espérance, /, hope.
espérer, to hope.
espion, ;«., spy.
espoir, w., hope.
esprit, m., spirit, mind, wit, shrewd-
ness.
essayer, to essay, try.
estimable, estimable, est, près. ind. jd sing. of être, estimer, to estimate, esteem.
estomac, m., stomach.
et, and.
établir, to establish, prove.
établir (s'), to settle one's self down. étage, ;;/., story, floor.
était, itnperf. of être; see là.
état,w.,state,condition; homme d' — ,
statesman; — de grâce, state of
grâce, of reconciliation to God, of
full deliverance from sin.
état-major, m., staff, été, m., summer; see also être.
éteindre ( — , éteignant, éteint, éteins, éteignis), to put out, extinguish, blot out.
éteindre (s'), to go out, die out, disappear.
étendre, to extend, spread, stretch out.
étendre (s'), to reach, extend.
éternel, -le, eternal, everlasting.
éternellement, etemally.
éternité, /, eternity.
étincelant, -e, sparkling.
étions, imperf. ind. of être.
étoffe, /, stuff, cloth.
étoile, /., star.
étonnant, -e, astonishing, surprising.
étonné, -e, astonished.
étonnement, vi., astonishment, surprise.
étonner (s'), to be astonished.
étouffé, -e, smothered.
étouffer, to suffocate.
étrange, strange.
étranger, m., stranger.
étrang-er, -ère, strange, foreign.
étrangler, to strangle.
être, )?i., being.
être ( — , étant, été, suis, fus), to be; — à, to belong to.
étreignait, see étreindre.
étreindre {co72J. like ceindre), to bind fast, grasp.
étroit, -e, narrow.
étudiant, m., student.
étudier, to study.
eu, eut, eût, see avoir; see beau andy.
eurent, prêt, of avoir.
eux, pers. prou,, them, they; à — deux, the two together.
évanoui, -e, dazed, stunned.
évanouir (s'), to vanish, faint.
éveiller, to waken, arouse.
éveiller (s'), to awake.
événement, vi., event.
éventré, -e, broken open.
éventrer, to break down.
évêque, w., bishop.
évident, évident.
exact, -e, exact.
exactement, exactly.
examiner, to examine, inspect.
excellent, -e, excellent.
excepter, to except.
exception, /., exception, exciter, to excite, awaken.
exclusi-f, -ve, exclusive.
excursion, /, excursion, trip.
exécrable, exécrable, détestable.
exécuter, to exécute, carry out.
exécution, /, exécution.
exemple, m., example; par — , foi
instance.
exercé, -e, skillful.
exercer, to exercise, practice, exert,
train, exiger, to require.
exil, m., exile.
exiler, to exile, existence, /, existence, life.
exister, to exist, live. expédient, m., expédient, means.
expédition, /, expédition.
expérience, f., expérience, experi-
ment.
expert, expert; skillful.
expirer, to die.
explication, /, explanation.
expliquer, to explain.
expliquer (s'), to be explained.
exploit, m., exploit, heroic act,
achievement.
exploitation, /, exploitation, exploiter, to cultivate, work, take ad-
vantage of.
exposé, -e, exposed.
exposer, to expose.
exposition, /, exposition, situation, exprès, express; adv., on purpose;
expressly.
exquis, -e, exquisite.
extasier (s'), to fall in raptures.
extraordinaire, unusual.
extrême, extrême.
extrémité, /, extremity.
façade, /, front, face.
face,/, face; side, front; en — de,
opposite; see faites, fâché, -e, angry, displeased, offended.
fâcheu-x, -se, unpleas&nt, gloomy.
facile, easy.
facilement, easily,
facilité, /, facility, ease.
façon, f., manner; (//.) ceremony; de quelque — que, in whatever manner.
faculté, /, faculty, ability, capacity.
fagot, w., fagot, bundle of wood.
faiblesse, /, weakness.
faillir, to fail, come very near.
faim, /, hunger.
faire (— , faisant, fait, fais, fis), to make, prevail, do; ( + inf.) to bave, make, cause; ne fait rien à la chose, bas nothing to do in tbe case; — voir, to sbow; — part, to inform; — fête, to welcome; see honneur and aho raison.
faire (se), to plan, take place, bave.
faiseur, w., doer, maker.
f ait, iév faire ; aho ^\ anJXoMi.
faites, see faire; — lui face, face bim.
falloir { — , ivanting, fallu, il faut, il fallut), to bave to, must, be necéssary, need.
fameu-x, -se, famous.
familiariser, to familiarize.
familiariser (se), to get used to.
famili-er, -ère, familiar.
famille, /, family.
famine, /, famine, bunger.
fanfare, /, trumpet blast.
fantassin, m., foot-soldier.
fantastique, fantastic.
fantôme, m., gbost, specter, pbantom.
farine, f., farina, flour, meal.
fasse, siibj. près, of faire.
fatal, -e, fatal.
fatigant, -e, fatiguing, tiresome.
fatigué, -e, tired.
faucon, w., falcon.
faudra, jut. of falloir.
faudrait, coud. pr. of falloir.
fausse, / of faux.
fausser, to get out of tune.
fausset, ;;/., falsetto.
faut, ind. près, ^d sing. of falloir.
faute, /, mistake; — de, for want of ; faire — à, to fail.
f au-x, -sse, false.
faux, /, Scythe.
faveur, /, favor.
favori, -te, favorite.
fée, f, fairy.
félicité, f, felicity.
féliciter, to congratulate.
femme, f, woman.
fendre, to split.
fenêtre, /, window.
féodal, -e, feudal.
fer, fn., iron; chemin de — , railroad.
ferai, fut. of faire.
ferme, /, farm.
fermer, to close, fasten, sbut.
féroce, fierce, wild.
fête, /, feast ; see faire.
feu, m., tire.
feuille, /, leaf, foils (of capital).
fiancé, ffi., betrotbed.
fiancée, /, betrotbed.
fibre, /, tiber; string.
fidèle, faithful, loyal.
fief, fu., fief; see titre.
fier (se), to trust, confide.
fi-er, -ère, proud.
fièvre, /, fever.
figue, /, fig.
figuier, m., fig tree.
figure, /., figure, form.
figurer (se), to imagine, tbink.
fil, w., tbread, net, wire; — s de la
Vierge, air tbreads.
filant, -e, sbooting (of stars).
filer, to spin.
filet, m., tbread, net, streamlet, fillet
(of méat).
fille, f, daugbter, girl.
fils, w., son.
fin, /, end; à la — , at last; mettre
— à, to put a stop (end) to.
fini, ;//., finish, polish.
finir, to finish.
firent, see faire, fixe, fixed, staring.
fixé, -e, satisfied, fixed upon.
fixer, to fix.
fixer (se), to settle.
flamme, /, flame, passion, blaze, fang.
flanc, m., fiank, side.
Flandre (la), Flanders, province of
Holland and Belgium.
flatteur, ;;/., flatterer.
flatteu-r, -se, flattering.
flèche,/, shaft, arrow, spire (of steeples), fleur,/, flower; — de lis, bearing of
the royal family of France, fleuri, -e, flowery.
fleurir, to adorn with flowers, blossom,
flourish.
fleuve, m., river.
florin, m., florin.
flot, ;//., flood, tide, wave, crowd.
flottant, -e, waving, floating.
foi, /, faith.
fois, /, time ; une — , once ; deux — ,
twice; encore une — , once more;
à la — , at the same time.
folle, / of fou.
fond, ;;/,, bottom, background, depth;
au — , at heart, from the midst; du
— du cœur, heartily.
fondateur, w., founder.
fondation, /, foundation, base.
fondé, -e, founded, established.
fondement, m., foundation.
fondre, to melt, swoop ; — en larmes,
to burst into tears.
font, près. ind. gd pi. of faire, fontaine, /, fountain, spring.
force,/, force, strength, a great many ;
see also fut.
forcer, to compel, oblige; force.
forêt, /, forest.
forme, /, .for m.
former, to form.
formidable, formidable, dreadful.
fort, m,, fort.
fort, -e, strong, smart, able; place — ,
stronghold.
fort, very, much, loudly; au plus —
de, in the thickest of.
forteresse, /, fortress.
fortification, /, fortification.
fortifier, to fortify.
fortune, /, fortune; par — , by
chance, fosse, /, grave, ditch.
fossé, m., ditch, trench.
fou (ybefore vowel, fol; / folle), fool-
ish; crazy, mad.
foudre, /, thunderbolt, lightning.
foudre, j?i., large barrel; ire, wrath of God.
foudroyant, -e, thundering; apoplexie — e, fatal stroke of apoplexy.
fouetter, to whip, strike.
fougueu-x, -se, fiery, impetuous.
fouiller, to search, pry into; — à pleines mains, to help one's self generously.
Foulde, Fulda, Prussian town, seat of abbey, founded in eighth century.
foule, /, crowd.
fourgon, m., wagon, van, carriage.
fournir, to supply, furnish.
fourreau, ui., cover, sheath, scabbard.
fourrer, to cram, stuff.
fourrer (se), to creep in.
fragile, frail, délicate.
fragilité, fragility, frailty, weakness.
fragment, ;//., pièce.
fr-ais, -aîche, fresh, cooL
frais, 7?i. pi., expenses.
franc, m., coin worth twenty cents.
franc, -he, frank, open, Frankish.
Français, ///., Frenchman.
française (à la), after the French fashion.
France, /, France.
franchir, to cross.
François, Francis.
frapper, to strike, hit, smite, affect, impress.
fratricide, m., fratricide.
frayeur, /, terror, fright.
Frédéric, Frederick ; — I^'', Frederick Red Beard, emperor of Germany (1152-1190)0
frémir, to quiver, shudder.
frémissement, m., rustle, shiver, shudder, hissing.
fréquenter, to fréquent, associate with.
frère, m., brother.
fricassé, fricasseed.
fricassée, /, fricassée.
friponnerie, /, knavery, cheating.
frisson, /;/., shiver, chill.
frissonner, to shiver, cause to shudder.
friture, /, fried dish, fried fish.
froid, PI., cold; avoir — , to be cold.
froid, -e, cold.
fromage, m., cheese.
front, m., forehead, brow.
frontière, /, frontier.
frotter, to rub.
frotter (se), to associate with.
fruit, m., fruit.
fugitif, m., fugitive, runaway.
fugiti-f, -ve, fugitive, passing, un-
steady.
fuir ( — , fuyant, fui, fuis, fuis), to
flee from, avoid ; see y, Fulton (Robert) (1765-1815), first to
apply steam for propelling ships.
fumée, /, smoke.
funèbre, funeral; mournful.
funérailles, / //., funeral.
furieu-x, -se, raging, furious.
fuseau, tn., spindle.
fusil, m., gun, rifle.
fussent, imperf. subj. of être, fut, prêt, of être; force lui — , he
could not but; il en — de même,
the same thing happened to.
fût, imperf. subj. of être ; en quelque
chose que ce — , in any manner
v^'hatever; que ce — , whether it
was.
futaille, /, cask.
futur, future.
fuyant, -e, près. part, of fuir.
gage, m., pledge, token; mettre en — , to pawn.
gagner, to eam, get, win, reach, progress, corne upon.
gaiement, merrily, gayly.
gaillard, m., fellow.
gaillard, -e, joUy, self-satisfied.
galerie, /, gallery, hall.
galop, m., gallop.
Ganelon, famous in the cycle of Carlovingian epics; he betrayed Roland inthe Roncesvalles Pass; in French literature his name is synonymous with traitor.
garçon, m., boy, waiter, bachelor.
garde, m.., bodyguard.
BORDS DU RHIN — lO
garde, /., guard, hilt; prendre — , to take care, beware; corps de — , guardhouse; monter la — , to be on guard; see tenir.
garder, to watch, guard, préserve, keep; se — de, to take care not to.
garde-robe, /, wardrobe.
gardien, ;//., guardian.
gare, /, station; — (à), look out (for)!
gargousse, /, cannon cartridge.
garni, -e, lined, furnished.
garnison, /, garrison.
gâteau, w., cake.
gâter, to spoil.
gauche, awkward, left ; à — , on (to) the left.
Gaule, /, Gaul.
gaz, m., gas.
géant, w., giant.
géante, /, giantess.
geler, to freeze.
géminé, -e, double.
gémissement, w., groan, moaning.
gendarme, w., military police.
généalogie, /, genealogy.
gêner, to impede, interfère with.
général, m., gênerai; en — , in gênerai.
génération, /, génération.
généreu-x, -se, generous, noble.
génie, w., spirit, sylph, genius; capitaine du — , captain of military engineers.
Génois, m., native of Genoa.
génois, -e, Genoese.
genou, m., knee.
genre, w., kind.
gens, m. or f. pi., people.
gerçure, /., chap, crack, crevice.
germain, germane, nearly related.
Germanie, /, Germany.
germanique, Germanie.
geste, m., gesture.
gibier, m., game.
gigantesque, gigantic.
girofle, m., clove.
gîte, m., lodging.
glaça, prêt, of glacer.
glacé, icy, cold.
glacer, to chill, make feel cold ail
over.
glaive, m., blade, sword.
glisser, to glide, slide, slip.
globe, m., globe, symbol of sovereign
power.
gloire, /, glory.
glorieux, -se, glorious.
Goethe, the greatest German poet
(1 749-1 832); author of the trag-
edy Fmist.
goguenard, joking, bantering, good-
natured.
gonfler, to swell, distend, gorge, /, throat, pass.
Goth, ;//., Goth, barbarian.
gothique, Gothic (style of architecture).
gouffre, w., gulf.
goulot, m., neck (of a bottle).
gourmand, -e, gormand, greedy.
gourmandise,/, greediness, gluttony.
gourmet, w., epicure, connoisseur (in
wines).
goût, m., taste, style, liking; je ne
suis pas du — , my tastes are not
the same as; see passer, goûter, to taste, relish, enjoy.
goûter, m., luncheon.
goutte, /, drop.
gouvernail, w., rudder.
gouvernement, w., government.
gouverner, to govern, rule.
gouverneur, m., governor.
grâce,/, grâce, favor; gracefulness;
ne pas faire — , not to let go by
(overlook); — à, thanks to; see
état, gracieu-x, -se, graceful, pleasing.
gracieusement, gracefuUy, pleasantly.
grade, ;//., grade, rank.
graduellement, gradually.
grain, w., grain; wheat.
grand, -e, grand, great; pas — 'chose,
not much; en — , on a large scale.
Grande-Bretagne, Britain, England. grandeur, /, grandeur.
grandir, to grow larger, enlarge.
grand'peine, grief, sorrow; à — ,\vith
great difficulty.
granit, m., granité.
gratis, gratis, free of charge.
gratter, to scratch.
grave, grave, important.
graver, to eut, carve into, impiint,
trace.
gravir, to climb.
gredin, m., scamp, rascal.
grêle, /., bail, shower.
grès, /«., sandstone.
griffe, /, claw.
Griffon, ;;/., griffin.
grignoter, to nibble.
grimper, to climb.
grincer, to grind, gnash, grate.
gris, -e, gray.
gronder, to growl, rumble, roar.
gros, VI., main body.
gros, -se, large, thick, big.
grossi-er, -ère, coarse.
grue, /, crâne, hoisting machine.
guère, little, scarcely.
guerre, /., war.
guerrier, m., warrior.
guerri-er, -ère, martial, warlike.
gueule, /, jaw, mouth.
guide, m., guide.
Guide, m., guidebook.
guider, to guide.
Guillaume, William.
Gustave-Adolphe, Gustavus Adol-
phus, "the Great" (1594-1632),
king of Sweden, prominent in
Thirty Years' War.
Gutenberg, inventer of printing from
movable types.
habile, skillful, clever.
habileté, /, ingenuity, cleverness.
habillement, m., clothing, clothes.
habiller, to dress, clothe.
habit, w., coat, clothes.
habitable, inhabitable.
habitant, m., inhal^itant.
habiter, to inhabit, live in.
habitude, /, habit, custom; d' — ,
usually.
habitué, -e, accustomed to; comme
d' — , as usual.
habituel, -le, habituai, usual.
Habsbourg, Habsburg (ancient impérial family of Austria).
Haenschen {German), little John.
haine, /, hatred.
haïr ( — , haïssant, haï, hais, haïs), to hâte.
hait, près. ind. jd sing. of haïr.
haleter, to pant, gasp.
halte, /, hait; faire — , to hait.
hanap, w., goblet, bowl.
haquenée, /, hackney, ambling nag.
hardi, -e, bold.
hardiesse, /, boldness.
hardiment, boldly.
harmonieu-x, -se, harmonious.
harpe, /, harp.
hasard, w., chance.
hasarder, to risk, venture to say.
hasarder (se), to venture.
hâte, /., haste; à la — , in a hurry; avoir — , to be in a hurry.
hâter, to hasten, hurry.
hâter (se), to hasten.
haut, high, tall, loud ; tout — , aloud ; en — , upstairs; en — de, at the top of; par en — , by the upper end ; du — de, from the top of.
hautain, -e, haughty.
hautement, haughtily, highly, loudly.
hauteur,/, height, butte; à la — de, on a levai with, as far up as.
hélas, alas !
Hélène (Sainte), St. Helena, mother of Constantine the Great.
hennir, to neigh, whinny.
hennissant, neighing.
hérétique, m., heretic.
hérésie, /, heresy.
hérissé, bristling.
héritage, m., inheritance.
hériter, to inherit.
héritier, m., heir.
héros, m., hero.
hésitation, /, hésitation.
hésiter, to hesitate.
Heu, interj.. Hum ! Ha !
heure,/, hour, time, o'clock; à 1' — , on time; tout à 1' — , just now; à la bonne — , that's right.
heureusement, fortunately.
heureu-x, -se, lucky, fortunate, happy.
hideu-x, -se, hideous.
hier, yesterday; — soir, last even-
ing.
hiérarchie, /, hierarchy.
hiéroglyphe, hierogh-phic.
hiéroglyphe, w., hieroglyph.
hirondelle, /, swallow.
hisser, to hoist, raise.
histoire, /, history, story.
historien, w., historian.
historique, historical.
Hoche (Lazare) (i 768-1 797), French
gênerai.
Hohenstaufen, family of German
princes, reigned from 1138 to
Holà, holla !
Hollandais, -e, m. or /, Hollander.
hollandais, -e, Dutch.
Hollande (la), Holland.
hommage, w., homage.
homme, m., man.
honnête, honest.
honneur, w., honor; faire — à, to pay a draft when it is presented; dame d' — , lady in waiting.
honorable, honorable.
honteu-x, -se, ashamed.
horizon, m., horizon.
horloge, /, clock.
hors, outside of, out of; — de sens, out of one's wits.
hospitalité,/, hospitality.
hostilité, /, hostility.
hôte, 771., host; guest.
hôtel, m., hôtel, private résidence; de-ville, city hall.
hôtellerie, /, hostelry, inn,
huit, eight.
huitième, eighth.
humain, -e, human.
humble, humble.
humeur, /, humor, temper, disposition.
humiliant, -e, humiliating.
humilier, humble, humiliate.
Hunsriick, hill country on the Rhine.
hurler, to howl, shriek, yell.
hussard, ;;/., hussar (light cavalry).
hymne, /, hymn.
ici, hère; bas, hère below; d' — ,
from novv (this moment, this place).
idée, /, iclea.
idiome, m., idiom, language.
lena, university town in Germany on the river Saale, where Napoléon defeated the Prussians in 1806.
ignorer, to ignore, be ignorant of.
il, pers. prou., he, it, him; {wiih impers, verbs) it, there; — y a, there is (are); (with expressions of Hme) ago.
île, /, island.
illuminer, to light up, illuminate.
illusion, /, illusion, delusion.
illustration, /, illustration, réputation.
illustre, illustrious, famous, noble.
image, /, image.
imagination, /, imagination.
immédiatement, at once.
immense, immense, vast.
immobile, motionless.
immortel, -le, immortal.
impatience, /, impatience.
impatienté, -e, past part, of impatienter.
impatienter, to put out of patience.
impatienter (s'), to grow impatient.
impératrice, /, empress.
imperceptible, imperceptible, very small, wee.
impérial, -e, impérial.
impérieu-x, -se, imperious, commanding.
implorer, to implore, beseech.
importait (il), it mattered.
importance, f, importance, conséquence.
important, -e, important.
importe (n'), no matter; que vous — , vvhat does it matter to you?
impossible, impossible.
impression, /, impression, trace.
imprimé, -e, see imprimer.
imprimer, to print, impress, imprint.
imprimerie, /, printing.
improvisateur, ///., improvisator, extemporizer.
improvisation, /, improvisation.
improviste (à 1'), suddenly, unexpected.
imprudemment, imprudently.
imprudence, /, imprudence.
imprudent, -e, imprudent.
impuissance, /, pov^'erlessness, inability.
inachevé, -e, unfinished, incomplète.
inappréciable, inappréciable, inestimable.
inattendu, unexpected, unforeseen.
incendie, /, fire, conflagration.
incessant, -e, incessant, continuai.
inclination, /, inclination, bow, affection, passion.
incliner, to incline, tip.
incliner (s'), to stoop, bow down.
incognito, incognito, in disguise.
incompl-et, -ète, incomplète.
inconnu, m., stranger.
inconnu, -e, unknown, exquisite.
inconsolable, inconsolable.
incontestable, unquestionable.
inconvénient, w., inconvenience.
inconvénient, -e, inconvénient.
incrusté, incrusted, inlaid, set with.
indécis, -e, indehnite, vague.
indépendence, /, independence.
indifférent, -e, indiffèrent.
indigène, w. or f, native.
indigène, indigenous, native.
indigne, unworthy.
indiquer, to indicate, point out.
indistinct, -e, indistinct, obscure, faint.
individu, m., person, body.
indu, -e, undue, improper, unseasonable.
industrieu-x, -se, industrious, skillful.
inexpérience, /, inexpérience.
infâme, infamous, vile.
infamie, /, infamy, disgrâce.
inférieur, inferior, lower.
infériorité, /, inferiority.
infernal, infernal.
infidèle, disloyal, unfaithful.
infidèle, w., infidel.
influence, /, influence.
informe, misshapen, hideous.
informer, to inform.
informer (s'), to inquire for.
Ingelheim, village on the Rhine; brand of wine.
ingénieux, ingenious, clever.
inhabité, uninhabited.
inhumé, -e, buried, interred.
injonction, /, injunction, command.
injuste, unjust, wrong.
innocence, f., innocence.
innocent, -e, innocent.
Innocent, Innocent IV, pope from 1243 to 1254.
inqui-et, -ète, anxious, worried.
inquiéter, to disturb, disquiet.
inquiétude, /, anxiety.
inscription, /, inscription.
insigne, m., badge; {//.) insignia.
insister, to insist.
insouciant, -e, careless, easy-going.
inspiration,/, inspiration, suggestion.
inspiratrice, / of inspirateur, inspiring.
inspirer, to inspire, suggest, advise.
instance, /, earnest entreaty.
instant, m., instant, moment; à 1' — , instantly, just now.
instinctivement, by instinct,
instruction,/, instruction, order, éducation.
instrument, m., instrument.
insupportable, unbearable.
intelligence, /, intelligence.
intention, /, intention.
intérêt, /«., interest.
intérieur, inside.
interlocuteur, m., interlocutor.
interlocution, /, interlocution, dialogue.
interpréter, to interpret.
interroger, to question.
interrompre, to interrupt, stop.
intervalle, m., interval, space of time.
intimider, to intimidate.
introduire ( — , introduisant, introduit, introduis, introduisis), to introduce.
inutile, useless.
inutilement, uselessly.
inutilité, /, uselessness.
invasion, /, invasion.
inventer, to invent.
inventeur, m., inventor.
invention, /, invention.
investissement, m., investment, blùckade.
invisible, invisible.
inviter, to invite.
involontairement, involuntarily.
invulnérable, invulnérable.
ionien, -ne, lonian, lonic.
irai, ftit. of aller.
ironie, /, irony.
irrécusable, unexceptionable, incontestable.
irréguli-er, -ère, irregular.
irriter, to irritate, anger.
isoler, to isolate, separate.
Italien, w., Italian.
itinéraire, w., itinerary.
ivre, intoxicated.
] = je.
jadis, formerly.
jamais, ever; ne... — , never; à — ,
for ever; à tout — , for evermore.
jambe, /, leg.
jambon, ;//., ham.
Janin (Jules Gabriel) (1S04-1874),
PVench journalist, critic, academi-
cian.
jardin, ;«., garden.
jaune, yellow.
je,I.
Jean, John.
Jésus, w., Jésus; see Christ, jeter, to throw, cast ; lay.
jeter (se), to run,flo\v,fall upon,jump.
jeu, ;;/., game, play, gambling.
jeune, young.
jeunesse, /, youth.
Johannisberg, a mountain on the
Rhine ; brand of wine grown in
the neighborhood.
joie, /, joy.
joignant, près. part, of joindre, joindre ( — , joignant, joint, joins,
joignis), to join, unité, bind.
joindre (se), to be united.
joint, past part, of joindre, joli, -e, pretty.
jouer, to play; faire — une mine, to spring a mine.
jouet, ;;/., plaything; sport.
jouir, to enjoy.
jour, m., day; le — , during the day; — levant, daybreak ; au — , in the morning; au — dit, on the appointed day; grand — , broad daylight.
journaliste, m., journalist.
journaux (//. ^/journal, w.). newspapers.
journée, /, day, day's work.
joyau, m., jewel, gem.
joyeusement, joyously, joyfully.
joyeu-x, -se, merry, joyful.
jugement, m., judgment.
juger, to judge, consider.
jui-f, -ve, Jewish.
juif, m., Jevv.
juillet, m., July.
juin, m., June.
Julien (l'Apostat) , Julian " the Apostate" (331-363), Roman emperor; restored paganism.
jumeau, -elle, m., twin.
jurer, to swear.
jusque, until; jusqu'à, as far as, up to, until.
juste, just, upright; exactly.
justement, justly, precisely,
justice, /, justice; faire — , to administer justice.
Kean (ou Désordre et Génie), comedy in five acts, in prose, by Alexandre Dumas.
Kellermann (François Christophe) (i 735-1820), duke of Valmy, French marshal.
Kléber (1754-1800), French gênerai; took Cairo, 1800.
Koenigsstuhl = siège royal, royal seat.
Koerner (Théodore) (1791-1813), German poet who died on the battletîeld during the wars of libération. His songs, written" partly
on the battlefield, are full of vigor and patriotism. The référence in the text is to an édition of thèse songs which ail Germans know by heart.
kreuzer, cruitzer (German coin worth not quite one cent).
r = le or la.
la, / ^/ le; (^r/.) the, my, his, her,
etc.; {pro7i.) her, it, etc.
là, there, then, in that; bas, yon-
der; — haut, up there; C'était — ,
that was, it was.
laboureur, ;«., plowman.
labyrinthe, m., labyrinth, maze.
lac, m., lake.
lâche, m., coward.
lâcher, to let go.
laconique, laconic.
là-dessous, beneath that, in ail that.
laid, -e, homely, ugly.
laine, /, wool.
laisser, to leave, let alone, let, allow,
cause; ne pas — de, to be never-
theless.
laisser (se), to let one's self be . . .;
see also prendre, lame, /, blade, foil.
lançant, p7-es. part, of lancer, lance, /, lance, lancer, to throw, hurl.
Landsturm {German), militia.
langue,/^, tongue, language.
laquelle, / of lequel, large, broad; de — , in width. larme, /, tear.
las, -se, tired.
lasser, to weary, tire out.
lasser (se), to get weary.
lassitude, /, lassitude, weariness.
latéral, latéral, side.
le, art. (f la.; pi. les), the; {used
for poss. adj.) my, his, her, our, etc. lecteur, m., reader.
ledit, said.
légende, /, legend.
lég-er, -ère, light; avoir le sommeil
— , to be a light sleeper.
légèrement, lightly, slightly.
légion, f., légion.
législati-f, -ve, législative.
légume, VI., vegetable.
Leipzig, in Saxony, where, Oct. 16,
18, 181 3, the allied troops defeated
Napoléon.
lendemain, m., next day.
lent, -e, slow, lentement, slowly.
leîiteur, /, slowness.
lequel (/ laquelle; //. lesquels,
lesquelles), which, that, who
whom. les, see le.
lesquelles, see lequel, lestement, quickly.
lettre, /, letter.
leur, their; {pers. prou.') to theni;
(poss. prou.') theirs.
levé, -e, raised; see main; déjà — ,
already up and dressed.
lever, to raise, lift up.
lever, ;;/., rising; — du jour, day-
break.
lever (se), to get up, rise.
lèvre, /, lip.
Ley ( Germait) — Lei, slate.
liberté, /, liberty, freedom.
libre, free.
librement, freely, liberally.
lier, to bind.
lieu, m., place; avoir — , to take
place; au — de, instead of.
lieue, /, league.
lieutenant-colonel, ;;/., lieutenantcolonel.
lièvre, m., hare.
ligne, /, Une.
limite, /, limit.
limpide, limpid, clear.
lin, m., flax.
linceul, m., shroud.
linge, m., linen.
liquide, m., liquid, beverage.
lire ( — , lisant, lu, lis, lus) to read. lis, ind. près, of lire, lis, see fleur.
lisière, /, border, extremity, skirts.
liste, /., list. lit, w., bed.
