livre, m., book
livrer, to deliver up, over, give up to;
— bataille, to fight a battle ; se — ,
to give one's self up to, indulge in,
contide to.
logis, m., see corps, loi, /, law.
loin, far, at a distance; de — , from
afar.
Londres, London.
long, -ue, long, prolonged; le — de,
along; de — , in length; de — en
large, up and down.
longer, to go along.
longtemps, long, a long time.
longue, / of long, longueur, /, length.
lors, then; — de, at the time of.
lorsque, when.
louis, m., louis (ancient coin of twenty
or twenty-four francs).
Louis, see débonnaire, loup, m., wolf.
lourd, -e, heavy, clumsy, massive, colossal.
lourdement, heavily.
loyal, -e, loyal.
loyauté, /, loyalty.
lu, see lire.
lueur, /, glimmer, ray, light.
lui, to (for) him, him, to (for) her,
her; to (for) it, it; him, her, it, he,
she; he.
lumière, /, light.
lune, /, moon.
lunette,/, small télescope, spyglass;
(//.) spectacles.
Lunéville, French tovv'n; peace be-
tween France and Germany, 1801.
lutte, /, struggle, contest.
lutter, to struggle, contend, compete.
luxe, m., luxury.
m' = me.
ma, / of mon.
mâchicoulis, m., machicolation, projecting gallery for defending the gâtes and foot of the wall.
machinalement, mechanically.
madone, /, madonna, picture of Virgin Mary.
magasin, w., warehouse, store.
Mages, //., wise men of the East {Scriptures)\ magi, cf. Mail. ii.
magicien, -ne, m. or f., magician, enchanter.
magie, f., witchcraft.
magique, magie.
magistrat, vi., magistrate.
magnanime, generous, high-minded.
magnanimité, magnanimity.
magnifique, magnificent.
mai, m., May.
maigre, lean, thin, without méat.
maigrir, to grow thin.
maille, /, stitch, mesh; cotte de — , coat of mail.
main,/, hand; à — levée, with free hand.
maintenant, now.
maintenir {conj. like tenir), to maintain, uphold, keep,
mais, but; {iitterj.) why !
maison, /, house; vieille — , mosscovered house; sanie as moussu (a student); — moussue, sat/ie as vieille — .
maître, m., master.
maître-autel, jh., high altar.
majesté, f., majesty, dignity, stateliness.
majestueusement, with stateliness.
majorité, /, majority.
mal, m., evil, pain; faire — à, to hurt; {adv.) badly; être — ainsi pour, to be wanting in ease (comfort) to.
malade, ill, sick.
malade, m. or f., patient.
maladie, /, disease, sickness.
malaise, /, discomfort, uneasiness.
mâle, maie, manly.
malgré, in spite of.
malheur, ??i., misfortune, unhappiness, accident; par — , unfortunately.
malheureusement, unfortunately.
malheureu-x, -se, unhappy, unfortunate.
malicieux, malicious, roguish.
mamelon, w., eminence, hill.
manger, to eat, spend.
manier, to handle.
manière,/, manner ; de — à, so as to. manifester, to manifest,show, display.
Mannheim, city in Baden.
manœuvre, /, working, managing, manœuvrer, to work, manage.
manoir, w., dwelling, manor-house.
manquer, to miss, fail, be lacking.
Mans (le), French town (Marthe
department).
manteau, m., cloak.
marbre, m., marble. Marc-Aurèle, Marcus Aurelius (121-
180), Roman emperor.
Marceau (i 769-1 796), distinguished
French gênerai.
marché, m., market.
marcher, to walk, march, go, progress.
maréchal, m., marshal.
Marengo, Italian city; Napoléon de-
feated Austrians, 1800.
marge, /, margin.
margrave, w., margrave, marquis.
mari, m., husband.
mariage, m., marriage.
Marie, Mary.
marier, to marry, wed.
marier (se), to be married.
marin, -e, marine.
marqué, -e, marked.
marteau, m., hammer.
martyr, -e, m. or f., martyr.
martyre, m., martyrdom.
massacre, m., massacre, slaughter.
massacrer, to slaughter, slay.
masse, /, mass, quantity.
massif, ;«., clump, plot, group.
massi-f, -ve, massive, heavy.
matelas, m., mattress.
matelot, w., sailor.
matériel, material, prosaic.
matériellement, substantially.
maternel, maternai; idiome — ,
mother tongue.
mathématicien, ///., mathematician.
matière, /, matter.
matin, w., morning; {adv.) early.
matines, / //., morning prayers.
maudire ( — , maudissant, maudit,
maudis, maudis), to curse.
maudit, -e, cursed.
mauvais, -e, bad, unfriendly, ill.
mayençais, -e, of Mayence.
Mayence, French name of the city of
Mainz.
me, me, to me, myself.
méchant, -e, bad, evil, wicked, misérable.
méconnaître {conj. like connaître),
to not recognize, misjudge.
méconnu, past part, of méconnaître, médiocre, ordinary.
médiocrement, passably, hardly.
méditer, to meditate, think over.
Mein, ;«., Mein, river of Germany;
passes through Frankfurt and into
the Rhine.
meilleur, -e, better.
mélancholie, /, melancholy.
mêler, to mingle, mix.
mêler (se), to meddle, take part in;
— de ses affaires, to mind one's
own business.
mélodie, /, melody.
mélodieu-x, -se, melodious.
membre, m., member; limb.
même, self; even; same, very.
mémoire,/, memory, bill; (//.)me-
moirs.
menace, /, threat.
menacer, to threaten.
mener, to lead, guide; — à bout, to
carry out, exécute.
mentir ( — , mentant, menti, mens,
mentis), to lie.
mépris, ;;/., scorn, contempt.
mer, /, sea; — Rouge, Red Sea.
mère, /, mother.
mérite, m., merit.
mérité, -e, past part, of mériter, mériter, to deserve.
Merlin {British legettd), prince of
enchanters who made the Round
Table.
Mersebourg, Merseburg in Saxony.
merveille, /, marvel, wonder; à — ,
exactly, finely.
merveilleu-x, -se, marvelous, wonder-
ful.
mesquin, -e, poor, paltry, mean, stingy.
message, m., message.
messager, ;«., messenger.
messagère, /, messenger.
messe, /, mass (religious service).
messieurs (//. ^/monsieur), gentlemen.
mesure,/, measure, précaution; à — que, as.
métallique, metallic.
méticuleu-x, -se, overscrupulous.
métier, ;//., tvade, occupation.
mets, 7)1., dish.
mette, see mettre.
Metternich (Prince) (i 773-1859), Austrian diplomat.
mettre ( — , mettant, mis, mets, mis), to put, put in; — hors de sens, to make wild, deprive of reason ; — à mort, to kill; — d'accord, to harmonize.
mettre (se) à, to begin, approach;
— à table, to sit down to table;
— en, to set out.
meuble, f?i., pièce of furniture, movable.
meubler, to furnish.
meurt, see mourir.
meurtrier, ;//., murderer.
Meuse (la), river (to the North Sea).
meute, /, pack (of hounds).
miche, /, loaf.
midi, twelve o'clock (noon).
mie, /, crumb, crust.
mien, -ne, mine.
mieux, better, more; de notre — , as
well as we could; à qui , in
eager rivalry ; ce qui me mit au — dans l'esprit de, and won me the good will of.
Milan, Milan (Italian city).
milieu, w., middle, midst, sphère, surrounding.
militaire, military.
mille, thousand.
milliaire, milliary, denoting a mile.
milliaire, w., milestone.
millier, w., thousand.
million, ;;/., million.
mîmes, prêt, of mettre.
mine, /, face, expression, mien.
minéral, -e, minerai.
ministre, m., minister.
minuit, w., midnight.
minute, /, minute.
minutieu-x, -se, minute, particular.
miracle, w., miracle.
miraculeu-x, -se, miraculous.
mirent, prêt, jd pi. of mettre.
mirer, to aim, look at.
mirer (se), to look at one's self, be
reflected.
miroir, m., mirror.
misérable, m., wretch.
misérable, wretched, badly off, ras-
cally.
misère, /, wretchedness, poverty.
mission, /., mission, duty.
mit, mis, prêt. (?/ mettre; see mieux, mitre, -e, mitered, wearing a miter.
mobile, movable.
modèle, m., model.
modéré, -e, moderate.
modérer, to moderate.
modérer (se), to restrain one's self, moderne, modem.
modeste, modest, moderate.
modestie, /, modesty.
mœurs, //. /, customs, habits; see
certificat, moi, I, me, to me ; — même, myself.
moindre, less; le — , the least, the
slightest.
moine, w., monk, friar.
moins, less ; au — , du — , pour le — ,
at least, however; le — , the least;
à — que, unless.
mois, m., month.
moitié, /, half; à — , halfway.
moment, m., moment, instant; par
— s, at times.
mon (/ ma; //. mes), my. monastère, m., monastery.
monde, f?i., world, company, large
number of people; siiperl. adj. +
du — , ... in the world; tout le
— , everybody.
monnaie, /, money, coin, monosyllabe, m., monosyllable.
monseigneur, m., Monseigneur, for
addressing persons of distinction
(princes, bishops).
monsieur, m , gentleman, Mr.
monstre, m., monster.
mont, m., mountain, hill.
montagne, f., mountain.
montée, /, ascent.
monter, to mount, climb, go up, hoist.
montre, /, watch.
montrer, to show.
montrer (se), to show one's self, ap-
pear.
monture,/, mount, horse (for riding).
monument, ?«., monument, building.
moquer (se), to make sport of, scofif
at, not care for.
. moqueu-r, -se, mocking.
morale, /, moral, reprimand, lecture, moralement, morally (speaking).
morceau, m., pièce. mordre, to bite.
mort, -e, ;//. or f., dead person.
mort, /, death; see also mourir, mort, -e, dead; à — , mortally.
mortel, -le, mortal, fatal, mortellement, mortally, fatally.
mortuaire, mortuary; lit — , death-
bed.
mot, m., Word.
motif, ;//., motive, reason.
mouiller, to wet.
moule, m., mold, cast, form.
mourir ( — , mourant, mort, meurs,
mourus), to die.
mourras, fut. 2d sing. of mourir, mousseu-x, -se, mossy, foaming,
sparkling; rose — , sparkling Bur-
gundy (wine).
moussu, mossy; (w.) a student of an
upper class at a university.
mouton, VI., sheep, lamb.
mouvement, m., movement, motion, moyen, -ne, mean, average.
moyen, ;«., means, way; n'avoir pas
— , to not be possible.
moyennant, in considération of.
muet, -te, silent.
mugissement, m., bellowing, roaring.
muni, -e, provided with.
municipal, municipal.
mur, m., wall.
muraille, /, wall.
mûrir, to ripen, mature.
murmure, m., murmur.
murmurer, to murmur, grumble, mut-
ter.
muscade, /, nutmeg.
musique, /, music.
mylord, my lord.
mystérieu-x, -se, mysterious.
mythe, m., myth, fable.
mythique, mythic, fabulous.
n' = ne.
nageoire, /, fin, paddle-wheel.
nager, to swim.
nageu-r, -se, m. or /., swimmer.
naïade, /, water nymph.
naï-f, -ve, simple, artless, candid.
nain, ///., dwarf.
naissance, /, birth.
naître ( — , naissant, né, nais, naquis), to be born.
Napoléon, Napoléon (Bonaparte), P>ench emperor.
naquit, prêt, of naître.
national, -e, national.
nature, /, nature.
naturel, vi., native.
naturel, -le, natural; au — , plain, natural.
naturellement, naturally, unaffectedly.
navire, fu., ship.
ne, not; — ... pas, not; — ... que, only; — ... jamais, never ; — ...
personne, nobody; — . » . plus, no more; — ... rien, nothing; — ...
point, not at ail.
néanmoins, nevertheless.
nécessaire, necessary, requisite.
nécessité, /, necessity, need.
Necker, >?i., Necker (river of Germany, passes through Heidelberg and into the Rhine).
nectar, w., nectar, drink of the gods.
né, -e, past part, of naître, born.
néerlandais, -e, Netherlandish, Hollandish.
nef, /, nave (of a church); — latérale, side aisle.
négati-f, -ve, négative, denying.
négligemment, neglectfully, care-
lessly.
négliger, to neglect.
nègre, m., negro. nègre, black.
neige, /., snow.
nerf, m., nerve.
net, clear, clean, évident, at once, neuf, nine, new.
neveu, w., nephew.
nez, ;;/., nose.
ni, nor, or; ne . . . — , neither . . . nor. Nimègue, Nimeguen, city in Holland.
niveau, m., level.
noble, noble.
noblement, nobly.
noce, /, wedding; robe de — s, wed-
ding govvn.
nocturne, nocturnal.
Noé, Noah.
noir, -e, black, dark.
nom, ;//., name.
nombre, w., number.
nombreu-x, -se, numerous.
nommer, to name.
nommer (se), to be named, called.
non, no; not; j-^^ que.
nonne, /., nun.
notre (//. nos), our.
nôtre, ours.
Notre-Dame, /, Our Lady, the Virgin
Mary; Notre-Dame, church conse-
crated to the Virgin Mary.
Notre-Seigneur, m., Our Lord, nourrice, /, nurse.
nourrir, to nourish, feed.
nourriture, /, food.
nous, pers. prou., {suhj.) we; {dir.
obj.^ us; {indir. obj.) to (for) us;
{rejl.) ourselves; {recip.') each
other, one another; see autre, nouveau {before vo7i'el, nouvel; /
nouvelle ; m. pi. nouveaux), new;
de — , again, once more.
nouvelle, /, news; j^^ nouveau, novice, new, green.
noyé, -e, flooded, noyé, ;;/., drowned man.
noyer, to drown.
nu, -e, bare; naked.
nuage, w., cloud.
nuit, /, night; la — , during or at
night.
nul (/ nulle), no; sans — , without
any; — le part, nowhere.
nullement, not at ail, in no way.
numéro, m., number.
Nuremberg, city of Bavaria.
nutriti-f, -ve, nutritive, nourishing.
Ô, O ! oh !
obéir, to obey.
obéisse, près, stibj. ist and jd sitig. of
obéir, objet, m., object.
obligé, -e, pasi part, of obliger, obligeance, /, obligingness, kind-
ness.
obliger, to oblige, compel. obscurité, f, obscurity, darkness.
observation, /, observation.
observer, to observe, watch, look
around.
obsidional, obsidional, pertaining to
a siège.
obtenir {conj. like tenir), to obtain,
secure.
obus, w., shell, cartridge (cannon).
obvier, to obviate, prevent.
occasion, /, occasion, opportunity.
occuper, to occupy, take up.
occuper (s'), to attend to.
océan, m., océan.
octobre, m., October.
ode, /, ode, poem.
odeur, f, odor, smell.
odieusement, hatefuUy.
odieu-x, -se, odious, hateful.
œil, m. {pi. yeux), eye; coup d' — ,
glance.
œuf, m., egg.
œuvre, /, work, deed; chef d' — ,
masterpiece.
offert, past part, of offrir, of&cier, m., officer.
offrande, /, offering, help.
offrir ( — , offrant, offert, offre, offris),
to offer.
offrir (s'), to offer.
ogival, ogival
ogive, f, ogive, pointed arch.
oint, past part, of oindre, to anoint;
L' — du Seigneur, the Lord's
anointed.
oiseau, vi., bird.
ombre,/, shadow, dark, shade, spirit,
memory.
omelette, /, omelet.
on, one, somebody, we, you, people,
they.
oncle, m., uncle.
ondine, /, water-sprite, undine.
ont, près. ind. ^d pi. of avoir, onze, eleven.
opération, /, opération, opérer, to operate, perform, work
out.
opinion, w., opinion.
opposé, -e, différent, opposite.
opposer, to oppose, set against.
opposer (s') à, to be opposed to.
opposition, /, opposition; par — à,
in contrast with.
opprimer, to oppress.
or, now.
or, VI., gold.
oracle, m., oracle.
orage, ;//., storm, orageu-x, -se, stormy.
oral (//. oraux), oral, oratoire, m., oratory.
ordinaire, ordinary, common; d' — ,
usually; à 1' — , usually, commonly.
ordinairement, usually.
ordonnance, /, ordinance, law, order,
orderly.
ordonner, to order.
ordre, ;;/., order, regularity.
oreille, /, ear.
oreiller, m., pillow.
organisation, /.,• organization.
organiser, to organize. orgueil, m., pride.
orgueilleusement, proudly, vainly,
superbly.
orgueilleu-x, -se, proud, haughty.
oriental, -e, oriental, eastern; East.
original, w., original (of something).
original, -e, original.
origine, /, origin, source, beginning.
ornement, m., ornament.
orner, to adorn, embellish.
os, 7)1., bone.
oser, to dare.
ossements, m. pL, bones (of dead
bûdies).
ôter, tû take off, deprive, take from.
Othon, Otho ( — III), 948-1027, sur-
named " Wonder of the World." ou, or.
OÙ, where, in which, when.
oublier, to forget.
Ouest, m., West, oui, yes.
outre, besides, beyond; en — , be-
sides; — que, besides that.
outre-mer, beyond the seas, foreign.
ouvert, -e, see ouvrir, ouverture, /, opening.
ouvrage, w.,\vork; — à cornes, horn-
work.
ouvre, ind. près. anJ siibj. près, ist
and sd siug. of ouvrir, ouvrier, m., workman, artisan, ouvrir ( — , ouvrant, ouvert, ouvre,
ouvris), to open.
ouvrir (s'), to open, be opened.
pacte, m., pact, compact, contract.
paie, ind. près., subj. près., and imper, t?/ payer.
païen, -ne, pagan, heathen.
paille, /, straw.
pain, ;;/., bread.
paire,/, pair.
paix, /, peace.
paladin, ;//., paladin, chieftain in Charlemagne's army.
palais, ?n., palace.
palatin, palatin (of the palace); électeur — , elector palatine.
Palatinat, /n., Palatinate.
pâle, pale.
Palerme, Palermo, capital of Sicily.
pâlir, to pale, turn pale.
panier, ;«., basket.
panorama, w., panorama.
Panthéon, w., Panthéon,
pape, f/i., Pope.
papier, vi., paper.
par, by, through, with, during, in, from, out of; — exemple, for instance; — là, that way, thereby; — OÙ, which way? — trop, altogether too.
parade, /, parade; place de la — , parade ground.
paradis, ?n., paradise.
paraître ( — , paraissant, paru, parais, parus), to appear, seem; à ce qu'il paraît, apparently.
parapet, vi., parapet; breastwork, railing.
parbleu, zounds ! good heavens !
parce que, because.
parchemin, m., parchment.
parcourir {coiij. like courir), to go over (through).
par-dessus, above, upon.
pardon, ;«., pardon; — monsieur, I beg pardon, sir.
pardonner, to pardon, forgive.
pareil, -le, similar, such.
parent, -e, m. or f., relative.
parent, m., parent.
parente, /, parent.
paresseu-x, -se, lazy, indolent.
parfait, -e, perfect, complète.
parfaitement, perfectly.
parfois, sometimes.
parfum, w., perfume, odor.
parlementaire, ;;/., flag of truce.
parlementaire, parleying, parliamentary,
parler, to speak, talk.
parmi, among, amidst.
parole, /, word, speech.
parsemé, -e, strewed, dotted.
parsemer, to strew, scatter.
part, /, part, portion, share; à — , aside from, spécial; d'une — ...
et d'autre, on the one hand and on the other hand; autre — , elsewhere ; nulle — , nowhere ; see also faire.
partager, to divide, share.
parti, m., décision, advantage.
particuli-er, -ère, particular, spécial, privât e.
