Cf. p

1. 20. V opinion du Nord : the policy upheld by Prussia, as against the libéral and pro-French tendencies of the western and southern States.

1. 30. After the partitions of Poland and the resettlement which took place by the Treaty of Vienna, Austria became possessed of Galicia and the sait-mines of Wieliczka ; Prussia, of Posen, of several small palatinates, and of a part of Grcat Poland.

1. 31. In the new partition of Europe, which was fixed by the Congress of Vienna, Austria received Lombardy and Venice, the Illyrian Provinces, Dalmatia, and the Tyrol.

1. 37. An allusion to the taking of many French colonies by England during the Great War.

Page 156. 11. 2-8. By the Treaty of Paris, France had to abandon the left bank of the Rhine north of Weissenburg, which she had possessed for twenty years. Thus she had no natural frontier in the North and was open to an attack from Prussia (the owner of the Rhineland) on that side. France had even been dispossessed of Landau, which had been taken by Louis XIV and had belonged to France ever since the Régence.

Page 159. (Chapter heading.) This last chapter was published by Quinet while in exile, in the form of a pamphlet. It is darkened over by the most sombre misgivings. The dispute between Prussia and Austria, which had been going on for many years, had been settled by force of arms, and Austria had been defeated. The first prédiction of Quinet, — that the unity of Germany would be achieved by the Northern power, which had developeditsmilitary strength to theutmost, maintained the fîrm

authority of the monarchy without irrecoverably alienating the Libérais, and gained the patriotic sympathies of the Germans, — had been realized. Was his second prédiction, that the victor of Sadowa would perfect her success by wreaking upon France the old German revenge, also to be confirmed by facts ? Ought not the French to keep in mind the récent events, to grasp their full and threatening import, and prépare, as far as it was stili possible, to ward oflE or palliate the blow ?

Page 160. 1. 13. Cf. p. 1 1 flF.

Page 166. 1. 23. Quinet realizes fully now an historical truth, to which hc had been blind till the coup d'Etat of 1851, namely, that the Napoleonic conquest had not only servcd to disseminate the French principles of liberty through Europe, but that it had also roused evcryvvhere the spirit of nationality, cager racial ambitions, and a fierce hatred against France. The liberalizing influence of the Révolution was to make its way but slowly ; the spirit of nationality in Germany was to advance by leaps and bounds, with distinct ill-will towards France, and was to make France its first victim.