Marésie, now Marash, to the south-west of Cocson

47. I. Antioche : of ail the towns bearing this name in honour of

their founder's father Antiochus, the Syrian capital is the inost famous. Situated on the left bank of the Orontes about twenty miles from the sea, it soon became an important tovvn ; under the Romans it was the résidence of the S}Tian proconsul.

4. le titre de chrétiens : cf. Acts xi. 26. The chief interest of Antioch is connected with the progress of Christianity among the heathen. St. Paul made it his starting-point in ail his three missionary journeys. This title was given the converts of Antioch most probably in ridicule.

,, 5. l'Eglise naissante : the first Gcntile church was founded at Antioch ; cf Acts xi. 20, 21.

,, 8. saint Babylas, Bishop of Antioch 237-250, suffered inartyrdom in 251 by order of the Roman Emperor Decius. In the reign of Julian (361-363) the oracle in tlie celebrated sanctuary of Apollo, the god of prophecy at Daphne, near Antioch, became dumb owing, it was supposed, to the proxiniity of the bones of the martyred Babylas.

8, 24. sous le règne, dans les premiers sièclea: règne and siècle are masculine, being derived from Lat. rcmum, saeculum (nouns that are masculine or neuter in Latin are masculine in French).

,, 10. Théopolis, name givcn to Antioch Ijy Justinian, 527-565, \\\\v\\ he rebuilt it after ils destruction by Khosru, A.D. 540.

,, i.). édifices: Vespasian, Titus, and othershad raised aqueducts, amphithéâtres, and baths'thcre.

,, 20. Daphné, about five miles south of Antioch ; the grove of laurels and cypresses was consecrated by Seleucus Nicator to

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Apollo, to whom a niagnificcnt temple was built by Antiochus. It was a royal icsitlonce of the later Roman empcrors ; cf. slory of Daphiic aiul Apollo.

47. 21. le mont Piérius, a branch of the Amanus mountain. South

of Marash the Amanus chain runs otT from the Taurus range soulh-wost, ami reachcs the Oroiitcs river at Antioch. The more famous mons Picria is in Soulh-East Macedonia,

, , 25. les anachorètes : un anachorète is a jserson who has witiulrawn from the world, 'a hermit ' (Greek oVaxtî'pe»'. ' to retire').

, , 26. Jean Chrysostôme, Rishop of Constantinoplc 397 ; famous as the ablest w riler and orator of the early Christian Church. lie svas twice sent inlo e.xile by the Empress Eudo.via, and died at Comana, 407.

, , 29. établit son camp et dressa ses tentes : notice that — dresser sa tente is ' to pitch one's tent." plier les tentes, ' to strike the tents. ' Again —

établir or asseoir un camp, ' to pitch a camp.' lever un camp, ' to break up a camp. '

, , 30. la porte de Saint-Paul : the ruins of this gateway may still he secn ; cf. note p. 47, 1. 4. It opened towards the east.

31. monticules, terrain plat : the Orontes breaks through the mountains at a point where the Lcbanon, nmning norlh, and the Taurus, running east, meet abruptly. Antioch was placed at a bcnd of the river, partly on an island, partly on the level which forms the left bank, and partly on the steep and craggy ascent of Mount Silpius, which rose abruptly on the south. La porte du Chien opened north, and les portes du Duc and du Pont north-east. To the west opened the Gâte of George.

48. 9. aboutir, 'toend,' ' to terminatc somewherc. ' Le bout, 'the

end' ; e.g. le chemin aboutit A la rivière. Notice also — connaître les tenants et les aboutissants d une affaire, ' to

know ail the ins and outs of a matter. ' au bout du compte, ' in the end," ' after due considération.' venir à bout de . ., ' to succeed,' ' to be successful.'

,, 14, 17. WHiat is the différence of meaning between le poste and la poste, le tour and la tour f

,, 24. ce profond silence : what is the gender of nouns in -ence? W'iiy ? CJive the rea.son for silence being masculine.

,, 27, 29. dans les campagrnes voisines, au milieu des champs : the singular of le champ corresponds wiih English ' lield,' e.g. un champ de blé ; voici un nouveau champ pour déployer vos talents ; but the plural les champs has Ix^sides the meaning of ' country ' as opposed to ' town,' e.g. courir les

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champs. Distinguish between le camp, le champ, la campagne ; and notice —

battre la campagne, ' to scour the country,' ' to beat about

the bush." se mettre en campagne, ' to take the field,' ' to set about.' à la campagne, ' in the countr)%'

49. 3. firent oublier aux pèlerins le but : when the infinitive

after faire governs a direct object, the agent \vho performs the action expressed by the verb stands in French in the dative ; e. g. —

J'ai /ait réciter sa leçon à Henri.

je lui ai fait réciter sa leçon.

,, 12. la plupart des croisés avaient: after la plupart used absolutely (without noun following) the verb is put in the phiral ; e. g. la plupart pensaietit ainsi, 'the greater part thought so. ' When a noun follows in the singular the verb is put in the singular, e.g. la plupart du peuple le veut ; but when the noun following is in the plural the verb is put in the plural, e.g. la plupart des priso}i7iiers désiraient la mort.

,, 15. Mésopotamie, the district named from its position between the Euphrates and the Tigi'is on west and east. As to its submission to Baldwin see note on Edessa, p. 46.

,, 16. Cilicie, the south-east province of Asia Minor ; the towns in the power of the Christians were Tarsus, Adana, and

Malmistra.

,, 23. l'abbé Guibert : cf note p. 23, 1. 20. He was abbot of St. Marie couvent in Nogent-sous-Coucy, where he died in 1124. Born at Beauvais in 1053, he was the writer of theological and historical works, and his History of the First Crusade is quite trustworthy.

,, 25. l'armée lui reprocha son lâche abandon, l'armée lui fit jurer sur l'Évangile de : no French verb governs two direct objects, nor does a periphrastic causative verb VA'.s faire voir ; e.g. —

on se)it le besoin défaire partager son bonheur à tous.

c'est un bonhomme à qui l'on fait croire tout ce qu'on vent.