I. Of God, acrording to Swedenborg

" Every one who thinks from clear reason, sees that ail things were created ont of a Substance, wbich is substance in itself, for this is the real Esse [Being] from which ail things that are can exist : and as God alone is Substance in itself, and thence the real Esse, it is évident that the existence of things is from no other source." Angelic Wisdom conceming Divine Love^ par. 283.

Again, " It is acknowledged by many, that there is an otdy Subsïance, which is aiso the first, from which ail things are." Ang. VTis.cancDiv, Providence, par.6.

Again : '^ Where there is Esse [Being] there is also existere [existence] ; one is not possible without the other, for Esse is oy Existere, and not without it" Angelic Wisdom conseming Divine Love, par. 14

Again : " He who in any degree of thought can conceive and comprehend an Esse and Existere in itself, will |)erfectly conceive and comprehend that such Esse and Existere is the self-subsisting and sole-subsisting Being. Ibid. par, 45.

Again : '' As things ail and each are forms, it must be that He who created ail things is form itself, and that from form itself are ail things which were created in forms : This is therefore what was demonstrated in the treatise concerning the Divine Love and Divine Wisdom, as, ThcU the Divine Love and Divine Wisàom is Substance, and that it is Form^^ Angelic Wisdom conceming Divine Providence, par. 40—43.

Again : " Who does not from reason perceive and acknowledge, that there is an only Essence, from which is ail essence, or an only Being, from which is ail being? What can exist without being 7 And what being is there from which is ail being, unless there is Being in itself ? And what is being itself is also the only

Being and Being m iiself. Since it is so, and every on« perceives and acknowledges this from reason, and if net, can perceive and acknowledge it, what else then foilows, than that this Being, which is the Divine itself, which is Jehovah, is the ail of ail things which are and exist 1 li is the like^ if ti is said that there is an otdy Substance, from tchich ail things are ; and because a Substance without form is not any thing, it foilows aiso that there is an only form, from which ail things are." Ibid. par. 157.

Or GoD, according to Spinoza.

" By Gody I understand a Being absolutely infinité ; that is, a Substance consisting of infinité attributes, each one of which expresses infinité and eternal essence." EthicSy part 1, de/, 6.

" By a Substance^ I understand that which is in itselfy and which is conceived by itself : or, that the conception of which does not need the conception of another thing,from which it must be formed." Ibid,def,Z.

'' Existence belongs or pertains to the nature of a Substance. Ibid. prap. 7.

*^ No Substance can be conceived except God."

Aid. nrop. 14

" Whatever is, is in God, and nothins can be, or be conceived without (out of) God." Ibid. prop. 15.

*' The Existence of God, and the Essence of God are one and the same." Ibid. prop. 20.

" By a Self' Cause, I understand that, the essence of which implies or involves existence ; or, that, the nature of which canpot be conceived except as existing," Ibid. def 1.

Let us now see the similarity of the two thinkers on the subject of things, i. e. modes.