FIN

NOTE a,

The loth of August, 1792, was the most conspicuous day of the French révolution. It was provoked less by the ridiculous manifesto of the Duke of Brunswick than by the underhand dealings of the Jacobins (Free Masons) against the State constitution of 1791. A fraction of the National Guard, led by the brewer Santerre, and united with the battalion of /es Marseillais^ captured the Tuileries and slaughtered the Swiss guards who defended its eatry. The famous lion of Lucem, carved in the rock, w^ill perpetuate the memory of their gallant death. The revolutionary Commune of Paris was organized at the town hall on the same date.

NOTE b.

Dauphin was at fîrst the title given to counts of Dauphîny, as an allusion to the dolphin which. adorned their helmets. By the treaty of 1343, Humbert II gave his dukedom to King Philippe de Valois, with the understanding that the eldest son of the king of France should assume the name of Dauphin. The Grand Dauphin was the eldest son of Louis XIV. For his éducation Bossuet published his collection of classics : adusum Deîphinù His son, the Duke of Bourgogne, pupil of Fénelon, after the death of his father, was known as the Second Dauphin, Louis XVII was the last Dauphin of France. NOTE c.

Les Marseillais formed the battalion of the fédérâtes of Marseilles that arrived in Paris on July 30th, 1792, after having crossed France, singing the newhymn of Rouget de Tlsle, and which was named f rom them " La Marseillaise** It is now the national song of France. ■ The Parisian municipality received them triumphantly. They created'disorder in varions places, and finally took an active part in the attack on the Tuileries. They returned to the south without having fought on the frontier.

NOTE d.

The Tuileries were burnt in 1871, by the communists, and not rebuilt They occupied the open space between the two aisles of the Louvre, in front of the Jardin des Tuileries. That name comes from a brickyard which François I bought in 15 18, and on which Catherine de Medicis commenced the palace in 1564, afttr the plans of Philibert Delorme. It comprised three

main buildings : Pavillon de Flore in the south, Pavillon de Marsan in the nortb, bolh of which are still in existence, and Pavillon de V Horloge in the center. They were connected by iower buildings which entirely closed the Place du Carrousel. The Convention held its sessions there from September 20th, 1792, to October 26th, 1795. After 18 Brumaire, 1799, the first Consul, Bonaparte, fixed his résidence at the Tuileries, and since then the palace has been the home of the sovereigns of France. Its last occupant was Empress Eugénie. NOTE e,

The Palais Royal, whose front is on Rue Saint-Honoré, lies between Rue de Richelieu and Rue de Valois. Cardinal Richelieu had it built in 1620, by Lemercier, and named it Palais Cardinal, He presented it to Louis XIII in 1640. Anne of Austria and her son, young Louis XIV, lived there for some time ; afterwards it was named Palais Royal. Louis XIV gave it to his brother, Philippe d'Orléans. The buildings surrounding the gardens were commenced in 1782 and completed in 1829. In 1814 it was restored to fhe family d'Orléans by Louis XVIII. Napoléon III confiscated the palace, which is still State property, occupied by the suprême court. NOTE /.

The Pont-Neuf, hyi\\\,\yj Henri IV about 1600, is the longest bridge in Paris— 760 feet. The equestrian statue of Henri IV is standing in the center of the terre-plein. It was the first bridge built of stone ; from this came the popular saying : "// se porte comme le Pont- Neuf ^^ — He is in perfect health. NOTE g,

The Assemblée Législative succeeded the Constituante, from October ist, 1791, to September 2ist, 1792. It had 745 members, none of them having been a member of the preceding chamber. They voted the laws against the emigrants and the refractory priests, which Louis XVI vetoed. It wasalternately ruled by the Girondists and the montagnards. It dethroned Louis XVI and voted him 500,000 francs as a pension, with the palace of Luxembourg for his résidence. On the objection of the Commune of Paris, the Hôtel du Temple was chosen as an easier place to watch him. In the tower three women and a child were held captive and tortured. For this act of infamy the Jacobins alone were responsible.

NOTE h.

The Manège was originally a large riding school, situated in the garden of Tuileries. Opposite number 230 of the Rue de Rivoli, there is a marble tablet on one of the pillars of the fence of the garden to commemorate the events which took place there. The Manège was demolished by Napoléon I when he opened Rue de Rivoli.

NOTE /

Place Louis XV is the most beautiful square in Paris. It was commenced by Gabriel in 1763, and finished in 1772. It was there, in 1770, during an exhibition of fire works given in honorof the marriage of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, that a panic caused the death of i,2co victims. Sad augury of their fate on this very same place where they were bolh guillotined. In 1792, this square was named Place de la Révolution. In 1795, they changed it into Place de la Concorde^ by which it is known to this day,

NOTE y.

Prison de V Abbaye was a State jail built in 1522, near the church Saint-Germain-des-Prés. During the massacres of September, 1792, 164 prisoners were slaughtered there. It was demolished in 1854.

NOTE k.

Les Feuillants t the name of a monastery of Bernardins, built in 1587, on the actual site of Rue Castiglione, and its prolongation on Rue de Rivoli. The club des Modérés, presided over by Siéyès and Lafayette, held their meetings there. It was demolished with the Manège by Napoléon I to make room for Rue de Rivoli.

NOTE /

La Force, one of the prisons of Paris, was situated in the quarter called le Marais, It is no longer in existence. NOTE m,

Pétion was a représentative at the Constituante, when he was chosen with Barnave to bring Louis XVI and family back from Varennes to Paris, after their flight. In 1791, he was elected the Mayor of Paris. In this powerful situation, he did not take any step to oppose the mob on "Dix Août." In the Convention he presided with the Girondists. He voted for Louis XVI's death with a reprieve. Proscribed in 1795, with his

politîcal frîends, he fled to Caen, then.to Saint-Emilion. He was compelled to conceal himself in caves. Finally his dead body was found in a forest, near that of Buzot, another Girondist. NOTE «.

Le Temple was the headquarters of the Knight Templars in France. The tower was built to keep the archives of the order. Later on, the kings of France kept their treasury there. Louis XVII died in ihat tower June 8th, 1795, at the âge of ten, a victim of barbarous treatment. The tower was demolished in 181 1, and the palace in 1854. A public square and a market,near Place de la République, nowoccupyits site. NOTE o.

On September 2, 3, 4 and 5, 1792, a mob of assassins, about 300, incited by Marat and paid by the Commune, invaded the prisons of l'Abbaye, la Force, Bicêtre and the Abbey of the Carmes, where they killed over one thousand victims, among whom was Princess de Lamballe.

NOTE /

Manuel was one of the members of the Assemblée Législative when he was elected, in 1791, Procureur de la Commune de Paris. He took an active part in the Journée du 10 Août, but he tried to oppose the Massacres de Septembre, He promoted the idea of sending the king and his family to the Temple, Elected for Paris as a member of the Convention, he voted for the appeal to the nation, instead of death for the king. After the condemnation. Manuel resigned ; nevertheless, he was guillotined on November I4th, 1793, by the order of the revolutionary tribunal called la Terreur, NOTE q,

The Comte d'Artois was the second brother of Louis XVI. He fled from France after the taking of the Bastille, July I4th, 1789, and tried to raise armies abroad against his country. After the death of his nephew, Louis XVII, at the Temple, the reign of Napoléon and that of his own brother, Louis XVIII, Comte d'Artois became king of France as Charles X in 1824. He was dethroned in 1830 and died in exile at Gœritz in 1836. NOTE r.

The order of la Toison d'or, golden fieece, was instituted at Bruges in 1429, by Philippe-le-Bon, Duke of Burgundy, in honor of Marie de Crumbugge's red hair. The order admits

fifty members, ail of royal blood. The insignia are a golden sheep banging on the neck by a golden chain formed of bricks in the shape of à B. The order îs now granted by ihe King of Spain,

The order of the Saint-Esprit^ Holy Ghost, was created in 1578, by King Henri III of France, to commemorate his former élection to the throne of Poland and his return to France on Whitsunday. The number of knights was limited to one hundred, among whom were nine priests. The cross in gold, fastened to a blue ribbon, had four branches, with the image of the Holy Ghost in the center.

The military order of Saint-Louis was established by Louis XIV, in 1693. To deserve it, twenty years* services in the army were required. Princes, marshals and admirais were entitled to it. The order was suppressed by the révolution, and re-establîshed in 181 5 by Louis XVIII. After 1830, it was never granted.

NOTE s,

J.-B. Drouet was postmaster at Sainte-Menehould when Louis XVI and family passed through that city in their flight to Varennes. He recognized the king during the imprudent stop he made there. Drouet startcd at once on horseback, through short cuts, so as to reach Varennes bef ore the ref ugees, where he had them arrested. As a reward, he was elected a member of the Convention, He was one of the fîve delegates sent to the north army. Dumouriez, whom they were instructed to arrest, captured them and delivered Ihem to the Austrian forces, which kept them prisoners. They were exchanged, in 1795, for the daughter of Louis XVI, who was still in the Temple. Drouet was exiled by Louis XVIII, but he came back secretly to Mâcon, where he lived, under the name of Merger, until his death in 1824.

NOTE /

The Mercure de FraHce was a periodical paper published in 1672 by de Visé, and continued by différent writers until the beginning of the içlh century. It was devoted to court news, small poems and riddles.

NOTE u,

The name Monsieur^ since the second part of the XVI century, was used to designate the eldest brother of the kingof France ; his wife was called Madame, Monsieur, Comte de Provence, first brother of Louis XVI, became king of France after Napoléon I, under the name of Louis XVIII. He is the only king who died peacefully in France (1824) since Louis XV.

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