livre,/, pound; franc, livrée,/, livery
livrer, to deliver; to give up.
locataire, m., tenant, renter,
lessee.
locution, /, mode of speech,
expression, loge,/, lodge; box.
logement, m., lodging.
loger, to lodge.
logis, m., dwelling; home, loi,/., law.
loin, far ; de — en — , at long
intervais, lointain, -e, remote, distant, loisir, m., leisure.
Londres, m., London.
long, -ue, long; tout le — de,
ail along, ail through; à la
longue, in the long run.
longtemps, long, a long time.
longueur,/., length.
loque,/., rag, tatter.
lorsque, when.
lot, m., lot; share; gros — , first
prize.
louangeu-r, -se, laudatory. louer, to praise.
louis, m., louis {gold coin ivorth
abcnit $4).
loup, m., wolf.
lourd, -e, heavy.
lumière,/., light, enlightenment.
lumignon, m., {0/ candies, &c)
snuff, end.
luminaire, ?n., lights.
lustre, m., chandelier, lutter, to wrestle; to struggle.
luxe, m., luxury.
luzerne,/., lucerne.
machinal, -e, mechanical.
maçon, m., mason; (bungler).
madrigal, m., madrigal; short gallant poem.
magasin, m., storehouse; store.
magie,/, magie.
magister, m., village schoolmaster.
magnifique, magnificent.
mahométisme, ;;/., Mohammedanism.
mai, m., May.
maigre, lean; meagre.
maigreur, /.. leanness.
mail, m., mail.
maille,/., mesh.
main, /., hand; — d'œuvre, /., workmanship ; making.
mainmortable, subject to mortmain.
maint, -e, man y a.
maintenant, now.
maintenir, to maintain.
maintien, m., maintenance, préservation.
maire, m., mayor.
mais, but.
maison, /., house; household; — de force, j ail, house of correction.
maître, m., master ; teacher ; grand — , grand master; lord high steward; petit — , fop, dandy; — d'armes, fencingmaster; — d'hôtel, steward; butler.
VOCABULARY
maîtresse,/., mistress ; ladylove.
maîtriser, to master.
majestueu-x, -se, majestic. majeur, -e, major, greater;
higher; of âge.
mal, m., evil, harm.
mal, ill ; badly ; uncomf ortable.
Malabare, native of Malabar, malade, ill, sick.
maladresse, /., awkwardness,
blunder.
maladroit, -e, awkward, stupid,
bungling.
malaise, m., uneasiness ; straits.
mâle, maie; masculine.
malfaisant, -e, noxious, malefi-
cent.
malgré, in spite of; notwith-
standing.
malheur, m., misfortune; un-
happiness; woe.
malice, /., archness, mischiev-
ousness.
malin, m., maligne, /., mali-
cious; sharp-witted.
malsain, -e, unhealthy.
maman, /"., mamma.
manche, /., sleeve.
manchette,/., cuff ; wrist-band.
mandataire, vz., représentative.
mander, to send ; to write.
manège, m., training; handling,
procédure.
mânes, m. pi., mânes, shade.
manger, to eat.
maniable, easy to handle.
manie,/., mania; madness, passion; hobby, manier, to handle. manière,/., manner, way.
mannequin, m., manikin.
manœuvre, m., handicraftsman,
workman, bricklayer.
manoir, ?n., manor; manor-
house.
manque, m., lack.
manquer, to fail ; to be wanting, lack.
mansarde,/, attic.
manse,/, allotment of land for
a family.
manteau, m., mantle, cloak ;
sous le — , secretly, privately,
sub rosa.
manuscrit, m., manuscript.
marais, m., marsh.
marbre, m., marble.
marc, m., grounds, skins, husks.
marchand, m., dealer, marche,/., walk; step; stair.
marché, m., market; bargain.
marcher, to walk, march.
mare,/., pool.
maréchal, m., marshal, field-
marshal; — des logis, quar-
termaster.
maréchale,/, marshaPs wife.
maréchaussée, /., constabulary.
mari, m., husband.
marier, to marry off ; to match;
se — , to get married.
marin, -e, marine.
marin, m., sailor. marine,/, navy.
marquant, -e, conspicuous; of
note, marque,/., mark; distinction.
marquer, to mark ; to brand ;
to appoint, marquise,/, marchioness.
mars, m., March.
masque, m., mask; masquerader.
massacrer, to massacre, masse,/, mass.
matamore, m., bully ; fire-eater.
matière, /., matter ; material ;
substance ; cause, grounds ;
contents.
matin, m., morning; de grand
— , very early.
matinée,/, morning.
maudire, to curse.
maussade, sullen.
mauvais, -e, bad.
mécanique, mechanical ; /., machine.
VùCAEULARY
méchanceté, /., wickedness.
méchant, -e, wicked : bad.
mécompte, m., miscalculation,
disappointment.
méconnaissance,/., non-recogni-
tion.
méconnaître, not to recognize
or know ; to disown ; to ignore.
mécontent, -e, discontented.
médaille,/"., medal.
médecin, m.} physician.
médisance,
evil-speakin;
scandai, méditer, to meditate.
méfait, m., misdeed.
mégarde, /.. mistake, inadver-
tence.
meilleur, -e, better : best.
mélange, «r., mixture; mingling:
allô y.
mêler, to mix ; to mingle ; se — ,
to concern oneself.
membre, m., member; limb.
même, same ; very; own; self;
even; de — , the' same: in the
same way.
mémoire, /., memory.
mémoire, m., memoir.
ménage, m., household ; domes-
tic economy.
ménagement, m., regard, considération : considerateness.
ménager, to spare ; to be care-
f ul of ; to contrive skilf ully ;
to hâve regard for.
mendiant, -e, m., /., beggar,
mendicant.
mendier, to beg.
mener, to lead ; to conduct.
menin, m., minion, favorite.
mensonge, m., lie.
mentir, to lie.
menton, m., chin.
menu, -e, minute, small.
méprendre (se), to be mistaken ;
to misapprehend.
mépris, m., contempt.
méprise,?"., mistake.
mer,/., sea.
merci,/., mercy; m., thanks.
mercredi, m., Wednesday.
Mercure, m., Mercury.
mère,/"., mother ; adj., principal;
leading.
mériter, to deserve.
merveille, /., wonder, marvel.
mésange,/., titmouse.
messe, /., mass ; grand' — ,
high mass.
mesure,/., measure; à — que,
in proportion as.
mesurer, to measure.
métairie, /., (fami, the rent of
ïuhich consiste of half the produce).
métay-er, -ère, m., /., métayer
{farmer who gives half the
produce as his rent). métier, m., trade, business ;
loom.
mets, m.j dish, viand, mess.
metteu-r, m.; — en œuvre,
vrorker.
mettre, to put ; to put on ; to
put in ; s'y — , to begin.
meuble, m., pièce of furniture.
meurtre, m., murder.
meurtri-er, -ère, murderous.
meute,/., pack of hounds.
mi, half; mid ; à chemin,
mid-way, half-way.
midi, m., noon; south.
mieux, better; best; rather.
mignon, -ne, pretty, dainty, tiny.
milice,/., militia.
milieu, m., middle, médium ;
sphère, militaire, military.
mille, thousand; m., mile.
milliard, m., thousand millions ;
thousand million francs, millier, m., thousand.
mimique, /., mimiery, pantomime, mince, slender, slight ; insignifi-
cant.
VOCABULARY
mine, /., mien ; looks.
miner, to mine, undermine.
minime, very small.
ministère, m., ministry ; ministration.
minois, m., face; pretty face, little face.
minuit, m., midnight.
minutieu-x, -se, minute ; circumstantial.
miroir, m., mirror.
mise, /., — en scène, staging, mounting (of a play) ; de — , admissible.
misère,/., misery; poverty.
mite,/., mite; moth.
mitoyen, -ne, intermediate.
mitre, -e, mitred, wearing a mitre.
Mme, (== Madame) madam.
mobile, movable ; variable ; mobile; m., motive, incentive.
mobilier, m., f urniture.
mode,/., mode; fashion ; mariner; à la — , according to the fashion ; fashionable.
mode, m., mode; form.
modèle, m., model ; pattern.
modelé, m., modelling.
modérer, to moderate ; to abate.
moderne, modem.
mœurs,/ pi., manners ; morals.
moindre, less ; smaller ; least ; smallest.
moine, m., monk.
moins, less ; least ; à — que, unless ; au — , at least ; tout au — , at the very least ; à tout le — , at the very least, at least; du — , at least.
mois, m., month.
moisir, to mould.
moisissure,/, mould.
moite, moist, damp.
moitié,/, half.
mollesse, /., softness ; effeminacy ; luxuriousness.
momentané, -e, momentary.
monade,/, monad.
monastère, m., monastery.
mondain, -e, worldly, social ;
m.,/., worldling.
monde, m., world ; people;
society; social set; visitors ;
multitude ; le beau — , the
fashionable world ; tout le — ,
everybody.
mongol, -e, Mongol, Mongo-
lian.
monnaie, /., coin ; money ; cur-
rency.
monologue, m., soliloquy.
monopole, m., monopoly.
monotone, monotonous.
monsieur, m., gentleman ; Sir ;
Mr. ; (the king^s eldest brother)
Monsieur, monstrueu-x, -se, monstrous.
mont, m., mount.
montagne,/., mountain.
monter, to mount ; to equip ;
to stock ; to set up ; se — , to
amount.
montre, /., exhibition ; display.
montrer, to show, moquer (se), to ridicule, laugh
(at).
moqueu-r, -se, mocking; scoff-
ing.
moral, m., moral sensé, morale,/, morals ; morality.
morceau, m., pièce; bit; morsel;
extract, morgue, /., haughtiness, arrogance, mort,/, death.
mortuaire, mortuary ; of death.
mot, m., word; jest; bon — ,
witticism, joke.
mou, mol, m., molle,/, soft;
weak.
mouche,/, fly.
mouchoir, m., handkerchief.
moudre, to grind ; to mill.
mouette,/, sea-gull.
moule, m., mould.
VOCABULARY
moulin, m., mill.
mourir, to die.
mousse,/., froth. foam.
mouton, m., sheep.
moutonni-er, -ère, sheep-like.
mouvement, m., motion : impulse.
mouvoir, to move,
moyen, m., means.
moyen, -ne, intermediate, mid-
ling, middle, average : âge,
m., middle-ages.
moyennant, by means of : in considération of.
moyenne, /., average ; en — , on an average.
muet, -te, dumb, mute.
mugir, to bellow.
mule,/., slipper.
mulet, m., mule.
munir, to furnish : to fortify.
mur, 77i., w ail.
muraille,/"., wall.
musette,/'., bagpipe.
musulman, -e, Mussulman, Mohammedan.
mutiler, to mutilate.
mutin, -e, mutinous: roguish.
myope, myopie : near-sighted.
mythe, m., myth, fabie.
nager, to swim.
naï-f , -ve, artless, ingenuous.
naissance,/, birth.
naître, to be born; to originate.
narquois, -e, mocking, bantering.
nasse,/, bow-net, weir.
natal, -e, native.
naturaliste, m., naturalist; one who aims at closely following or portraying nature.
naturel, iw-, nature; temper, disposition : naturalness.
naufrage, »., shipwreck.
navette,/, râpe; rape-seed.
navire, m., ship, vessel.
ne, not ; (a 'Un redundant) —
. . . que, only : no more than.
néanmoins, nevertheless.
néant, m., nothing; nothingness.
nécessaire, necessary; m., dress-
ing-case.
nef,/, (poef) ship.
négliger, to neglect.
négoce, m., business, trame, négociant, m., merchant.
nègre, m., negro.
nerf, m., nerve.
nettement, neatly ; clearly.
nettoyer, to clean.
neuf, nine.
neu-f , -ve, nevf ; à — , anew,
like new.
neveu, m., nephevr.
ni, neither ; nor.
niais, -e, foolish.
nicher, to nestle, build a nest nid, m., nest.
nier, to deny.
niveau, m., level.
nivellement, //;., levelling. nobiliaire, aristocratie.
noble, noble; m., nobleman.
noblesse,/, nobiiity.
nocturne, nocturnal.
nœud, 7n., knot ; bow ; coiL noir, -e, black.
nomade, nomadic, nomad, wan-
dering.
nombre, m., number ; many.
nombreu-x, -se, numerous.
nommer, to name.
nonchalance, /., carelessness,
heedlessness.
nonobstant, notwithstanding.
nord, 7/i., north.
notable, principal, eminent.
notaire, m., notary. conveyancer.
notamment, especially.
noter, to note, nouer, to knot; to tie; to con-
nect.
VOCABULARY
noueu-x, -se, knotty, gnarled.
nourrice,/., nurse.
nourrir, to feed, nourish ; nurse.
nourriture, /., food, nourishment.
nouveau, nouvel, m., nouvelle, /., new ; de — , anew ; nouveau venu, new-comer.
nouveauté,/., novelty.
nouvelle,/., news.
noyer, to drown.
nu, -e, naked; bare.
nuage, m., cloud.
nuance,/., shade ; distinction ; gradation.
nuancer, to shade.
nubile, marriageable.
nue,/., cloud.
nuire, to hurt, injure,
nuisible, hurtful, noxious.
nuit, /., night.
nul, -le, no, not any ; null ; of no worth.
numéro, m., number.
obéir, to obey.
obéissance,/., obédience.
obérer, to involve in debt.
obitier, m., a priest who recites masses for the dead.
objet, m., object.
obligation, /., d' —, obligatory.
obliger, to oblige; tocompel; to necessitate; to bind; to enforce; obligé, -e, debtor.
observateur, m., observer.
obtenir, to obtain.
obtus, -e, obtuse, blunt.
occuper, to occupy.
octroi, m., city toll, octroi.
octroyer, to grant.
odorat, m., sensé of smell.
œil, m., eye; coup d' — , a glance.
œuf, m., egg; — brouillé,
scrambled egg.
œuvre,/., work.
office, m., office; duty ; church-
service ; worship.
officier, to officiate ; to play one's
part, officier, m., officer.
offrir, to offer.
oint, m., anointed (fr. oindre,
to anoint).
oiseau, m., bird.
oisi-f, -ve, idle.
oisiveté,/., idleness.
ombre,/., shade; shadow.
omettre, to omit, once,/, ounce.
oncle, m., uncle.
onze, eleven. opérer, to operate.
opiner, to be of opinion, opiniâtre, obstinate.
opposé, opposite.
opprimer, to oppress.
opulemment, opulently.
opuscule, m., small work.
or, conj., now.
or, m., gold.
orage, m., storm.
oraison, /., prayer.
oratoire, oratorical.
orchestre, m., orchestra; band.
ordinaire, ordinary; à V — ,
usually.
ordonnance, /., ordinance; or-
der; arrangement, ordonnateur, m., ordainer.
ordonner, to order- to ordain;
to arrange.
ordre, m., order.
oreille, /., ear.
orge,/, barley.
orgie,/., orgy, debauch.
orgueil, m., pride.
origine,/, origin.
ormeau, m., elm.
orner, to adorn.
ornière,/, rut.
VûCAEULARY
orthographe,/., spelling.
os, m.t bone.
oser, to dare.
osier, m., osier ; wicker.
Ôter, to take away or off ; to
deprive.
ou, or ; either.
OÙ, where ; whither ; d' — ,
whence.
ouaille,/., sheep, flock.
oubli, m., forgetfulness, obliv-
ion.
oublier, to forget.
oui, yes.
ouïe,/., hearing.
ours, m., bear.
outil, m., tool.
Outre, beyond ; besides ; en — ,
besides.
ouverture,/., opening.
ouvrage, m., work.
ouvri-er, -ère, m.,/., workman,
worker.
ouvrir, to open.
pacha, m.s pasha.
pacotille, /., pack; trumpery ware.
pacte, m., compact.
païen, -ne, pagan.
paille,/., straw.
paillon, m., spangle.
pain, m., bread.
pairie, /., peerage.
paisible, peaceful.
paix,/., peace.
palais, w., palace ; palate ; — de justice, law-courts.
palefrenier, m., groom.
pâlir, to turn pale.
pamphlet, m., (satirical) pamphlet.
panier, ;«., hoop-skirt.
panique, /., panic, panic fear.
pantin, m.z puppet.
pantoufle,/, slipper.
pape, m., pope.
paperassi-er, -ère, concerned
with papers (depreciative).
papier, m.y paper ; — peint,
wall-paper.
papisme, m., popery.
paquet, m., bundle; package.
par, by ; through ; per ; de — , in
the name of ; by virtue of.
parade, /., parade, display;
show ; farce, parader, to show off.
paraître, to appear.
paravent, m., screen.
parcelle,/, portion, bit. parce que, because.
parchemin, m., parchment.
parcourir, to travel over; to
run over ; to traverse, par-dessus, above.
pareil, -le, like ; similar ; such ;
equal.
parement, m., ornament ; fac-
ings or cuffs.
parent, -e, relative ; parent, parenté,/, relationship.
parer, to adorn.
paresseu-x, -se, idle, lazy.
parfait, -e,. perf ect.
parfiler, to unravel.
parfois, sometimes.
parfum, m., perfume.
paria, m., pariah ; outcast.
parlement, m., court, parlementaire, parliamentary.
parler, to speak.
parleur, m., talker.
parmi, among.
paroisse,/, parish.
parole,/, word; speech, parquer, to pen up.
parsemer, to strew.
Parsi, -e, Parsee (follower of
Zoroaster).
part,/, part ; share ; side ; place; à — , except ; exceptional ; sepa-^ rate ; d'autre — , on the other
VOCABULARY
hand ; de la — de, on the part of , in ... 's name ; nulle — , nowhere ; quelque — , somewhere ; quelque — où or que, wherever.
partage, m., division ; partition ; share.
partager, to divide ; to share.
partant, consequently, hence.
parterre, m., flower-bed.
parti, m., party; détermination; — pris, settled détermination; foregone conclusion ; préjudice ; de — pris, deliberately.
participer, to participate.
particule,/., particle.
particuli-er, -ère, particular; peculiar ; appropriate ; private ; private individual ; en — , in private.
partie,/., part; excursion; adversary ; — de plaisir, pleasure trip ; entertainment.
partiel, -le, partial.
partir, to départ ; to start ; to issue; à — de, from; reckoning from.
partout, everywhere.
parure,/., dress; ornament.
parvenir, to arrive ; to attain ; tosucceed; parvenu, risen from obscurity, upstart.
pas, m., step ; threshold.
pas, not ; no.
passag-er, -ère, transitory ; m., /., passenger, traveller.
passe, — -droit, m., unjust favor ; injustice.
passé, m., past.
passé-maître, past master, adept.
passementerie,/, lace-work.
passe-temps, m., pastime.
passer, to pass; to put on, (to slip on) ; se — de, to do without, dispense with.
pasteur, m., pastor ; shepherd.
* pastorale,/, pastoral play.
pâtir, to suffer.
pâtoureau, m., shepherd-boy.
pâtre, m., shepherd.
patrie, /., country, fatherland.
pâture,/, pasture; food.
pauvre, poor.
pauvret, -te, m.,/., poor thing.
pavé, m., pavement ; paving-
stone ; sur le — , in the street,
without home, pavillon, m., pavilion ; wing of a
building; summer-house; fiag.
payer, to pay.
pays, m., country.
paysage, m., landscape.
paysan, -ne, m.,/., peasant.
peau,/., skin ; pelt ; fur.
pêcher, to fish.
peigner, to comb.
peignoir, m., dressing-gown,
wrapper.
peindre, to paint.
peine,/, pain ; sorrow ; trouble ;
difficult.y ; penalty ; à — ,
hardly ; homme de — , laborer.
peintre, m., painter.
peinture,/., painting.
pêle-mêle, m., pell-mell, confusion, penchant, m., inclination, lean-
ing.
pencher, to incline ; to lean.
pendant, during; — que, while.
pendre, to hang.
pénétrer, to penetrate; to pierce;
to enter, pénible, painful.
pensée,/, thought ; opinion, penser, to think.
pente, /., slope ; incline ; bent.
pépinière,/., tree-nursery.
percale,/, cambric muslin.
perception,/, collection (of tax).
percer, to pierce; to eut through;
to corne through.
percevoir, to collect ; to levy. perdre, to lose.
perdrix,/, partridge.
3io
VOCABULARY
père, m., father.
perfide, perfidious.
périphrase,/., periphrasis, cir-
cumlocution.
périr, to perish.
permettre, to permit, péroraison,/., peroration.
perruque,/, wig.
persan, -e, Persian.
Perse,/., Persia.
personne, /., person ; m., (ne),
any one, no one.
personnel, m., officiais ; staff.
perspective, /., perspective;
prospect.
perspicace, perspicacious.
perte,/, loss.
pervertir, to pervert.
pesant, -e, heayy.
pesanteur,/, heaviness ; weight.
peser, to weigh ; to weigh upon.
pétard, m., pétard ; cracker, pétillement, w., crackling ;
sparkling.
pétiller, to crackle ; to sparkle.
petit, -e, little, petty; fils,
grandson.
petite-vérole,/, small-pox.
petitesse, /., littleness; petti-
ness.
peu, little, few ; — à — , little
by little.
peuplade,/, people ; population, peuple, m., people.
peupler, to people; to multiply.
peur, /., fear; avoir — , to be
afraid.
peut-être, perhaps, chance.
pharaon, m., {card game) faro.
philanthrope, philanthropie, phrase, /., phrase, sentence;
empty talk.
physique, physical; /., physics ;
bodily constitution, piaffer, to paw ; to prance.
pic, m., pickaxe ; pike.
pièce,/, pièce; document; play ;
room; (of game) head; petite
— , short play, after-piece;
de toutes -s, completely.
pied, m., foot; footing.
piédestal, m., pedestal.
pierre, /., stone.
pierreries, / pi., gems, precious
stones.
pierreu-x, -se, stony.
piété,/, piety.
pieu, m., stake.
pieu-x, -se, pious.
pillard, plundering, thievish.
piller, to pillage, plunder.
piment, m., pimento, Cayenne
pepper.
pinceau, m., paint-brush. pincée,/, pinch.
pioche,/, pickaxe ; spade.
piquant, -e, stinging; pungent;
interesting; piquant.
pique,/, pike; quarrel, grudge,
animosity ; stinging.
piquer, to prick; to pierce; se
■ — , to pride oneself on.
piqueur, m., groom, piqûre,/., prick; sting.
pire, worse; worst.
pis, worse; worst.
pisé, m., mud-wall, cob-wall.
pistolet, m., pistol.
pitié,/, pity.
pittoresque, picturesque.
placage, m., plating; veneering.
place, /., place ; sur — , on the
spot, plaider, to plead; to argue.
plaidoyer, m., counsel's address
speech, plaie,/, wound; sore.
plain, -e, plain, level; de
pied, on a level.
plaindre, to pity ; se — , to corn-
plain.
plainte,/, complaint.
plaire, to please.
plaisance,/, pleasure; maison
de — , country seat, villa.
plaisanter, to jest.
VOCABULARY
plaisanterie,/., pleasantry, jest.
plaisir, ///., pleasure.
pian, m., plane; premier — ,
f oreo-round ; de second — , in
the background, secondary.
plancher, ?//., floor.
planer, to hover; to soar.
plastron, m., fencing-pad; butt,
laughing-stock.
plat, -e, flat; dull; mean.
plat, m., dish.
plateau, m., pan {of a balance).
plate-bande,/., border, plot, plein, -e, f ull ; en — air, in the
open air.
pleurer, to weep.
pli, m., fold; crease; bent, habit, pliant, m., folding seat.
plier, to fold ; to bend.
plomb, m., lead.
plonger, to plunge.
ployer, to bend.
pluie,/., rain; shower.
plume, /., feather ; plume;
pen.
plumer, to pluck.
plumitif, m., quill-driver, scrib-
bler.
plupart, /., most part, most,
majority.
plus, more; most; the more;
ne — , no more; no longer;
tout au — , at most ; de — ,
more ; de — en — , more and
more ; — de, no more, plusieurs, several.
plutôt, rather, sooner.
pluvieu-x, -se, rainy.
pochade,/., rough sketch, poche,/., pocket; pouch.
poids, m., weight.
poignant, -e, stinging, sharp;
painful.
poignard, m., poniard.
poignée,/., handful.
poil, m., hair; (coat).
poing, m., fist.
point, m., point; degree.
point (ne ... point), not; not at ail; il n'y a — à, there is no occasion to . . .
pointe, /., point; head; toe; sharpness, smack.
pointer, to peep, appear.
poisson, m., fish.
poitrine,/., breast.
poivre, m., pepper.
poli, -e, polished; sleek; polite.
police, /., police ; police régulations; policy; maintenance of order.
policer, to establish policy or government; to civilize; to refine.
polir, to polish.
polisson, -ne, lewd; m., rake.
polissonner, to play the blackguard; to crack broad jokes.
polissonnerie,/.,blackguardism ; broad joke.
politesse,/, politeness, civility.
politique, political; m., politician; /., politics ; policy.
polonais, -e, Polish ; Pôle.
pommader, to pomade.
pomponner, to adora, trim up.
pont, m., bridge.
populaci-er, -ère, of the populace.
populaire, popular.
porc, m., pig; pork.
port, m., bearing.
portati-f , -ve, portable.
porte,/, door; gâte.
porte-arquebuse, m., arquebusbearer.
porte-bâton, m., one who carries a stick ; — faix, m., porter ; — manteau, m., cloakbearer;
voix, m., speaking-trum-
pet; mouthpiece.
portée,/, reach; compréhension ; bearing ; range ; à — de, within reach of.
porter, to carry, bear; to wear; (to rest) ; se — bien, to be well.
VOCABULARY
portique, m., portico.
poser, to put, lay ; to lay down ;
to grant: — en principe, to
assume as fundamental.
positi-f , -ve, positive : materi-
alistic ; matter-of-fact.
posséder, to possess.
poste, /"., post ; stage; post-
horses : post-haste : — aux
chevaux, post-house.
poster, to post, place.
postiche, artiûcial, sham; super-
added.
pot, m., pot; kettle; au-feu,
soup with boiled beef ; méat
to boil ; pot.
pouce, m., inch. poudre,/., powder.
poudrer, to powder.
pouf, m., {obsolète) chignon.
pouffer, to puff ; — de rire, to
burst out laughing.
poulet, m., chicken.
poupée,/"., doll.
pour, for ; — que, in order that.
pourpoint, ;/:.. doublet.
pourquoi, why, wherefore.
pourriture,/"., rottennessl poursuite,/'., pursuit; chase.
poursuivre, to pursue ; to pro-
ceed; to prosecute.
pourtant, yet. however, still.
pourtour, m., circumference ;
outer circle.
pourvoir, to provide, pousser, to push, urge, incite ;
to utter ; to shoot forth : se
— , to push oneself forward.
poussière,/., dust.
pouvoir, to be able; n'en —
plus, to be woijp out; se — ,
to be possible.
pouvoir, /-/--., power; authority.
pratique,/., practice.
pratique, practical.
pratiquer, to practise : to arrange.
pré, m., meadow.
préalable, preliminary ; au — ,
previously.
précaire, precarious. précédemment, previously.
précepteur, m., tutor.
prêcher, to preach.
précieu-x, -se, precious.
précipiter, to precipitate.
précis, -e, précise, préciser, to state precisely,
specify.
précoce, precocious ; prématuré, préconcevoir, to preconceive.
prédicant, m., Protestant preach-
er.
prédication,/., preaching.
préférer, to prefer.
préjugé, m., préjudice, prélat, m.t prelate.
prélever, to deduct beforehand;
to levy.
prémices,/.//., first-fruits.
premi-er, -ère, first; primary.
prémisse,/., premise.
prémunir, to forearm.
prendre, to take : to take away ;
à tout — , ail things considered.
préparatoire, preliminary.
préposer, to put in authority
over, put in eharge of.
près, near, close by ; à . . . — ,
except ... : à peu —, neariy ;
de — , close, near ; closely.
presbyte, presbyopic, far-
sighted.
presbytère, m., vicarage; pres-
bytery.
prescrire, to prescribë.
présent, -e, présent ; à — , at
présent.
président, m., presiding judge.
presque, almost.
pressentir, to hâve a presenti-
ment of : to surmise, pression,/"., pressure, pressurer, to squeeze; to op-
press, drain, preste, quick, nimble.
VOCAIîULARY
prêt, -e, ready.
prêt, m., loan.
prêter, to lend.
prêtre, m., priest ; grand — , high-priest.
preuve, /., proof.
prévenance, /., obligingness, kindness.
prévenir, to anticipate ; to f orestall.
prévention,/., préjudice.
prévoir, to foresee.
prévôtal, -e, provostal.
prévoyance, /., foresight, caution.
prier, to pray ; to beg ; to ask.
prière,/., prayer.
prieur, m., prior.
primer, to take precedence ; to be the first.
primesauti-er, -ère, spontaneous.
princi-er, -ère, princely.
principe,»;., principle; origin ; first cause; de — , fondamental.
prise, /., taking ; hold ; grasp, clutch.
privé, -e, private.
priver, to deprive.
privilégier, to privilège.
prix, m., price ; prize ; reward.
probant, -e, convincing ; authentic.
procédé, m., proceeding; procédure ; conduct ; process.
procédure,/., proceedings ; litigation.
procès, m., lawsuit ; verbal,
(officiai) report.
prochain, -e, next ; near.
proche, near, close by ; m., relative.
proclamer, to proclaim.
procureur, w.,attorney, solicitor.
prodige, m., prodigy ; miracle.
prodigieux, stupendous.
prodiguer, to lavish, prodigal.
produire, to produce ; show.
produit, m., produce; product.
prof-ès, -esse, professed ; professional.
profond, -e, deep ; profound.
profondeur,/., depth.
proie,/., prey ; booty.
projet, m., project.
prolongement, m., prolongation.
promener, to lead ; se —, to take a walk ; a ride ; a drive ; an airing.
promesse,/., promise.
promettre, to promise.
prompt, -e, prompt, quick.
promulguer, to promulgate.
prône, m., sermon.
propager, to propagate.
propos, m., talk ; remark ; à — , to the purpose, aptly ; appositely ; à — de, with regard to.
propre, own; very, same; proper ; peculiar ; appropriate ; suitable ; right.
propriétaire, m.,'/., owner, proprietor, landlord.
propriété,/., property.
proroger, to prorogue; to delay.
proscrire, to proscribe ; to outlaw.
prosopopée, /., personification.
protection,/., patronage; favor.
protéger, to protect.
prouver, to prove.
proverbe, m., proverb, parlorplay.
province, /., province; shire ; place out of Paris ; country.
provisoire, provisional.
provocant, -e, exciting.
provoquer, to provoke; to incite ; to instigate.
Prusse,/., Prussia.
prussien, -ne, Prussian.
publi-c, -que, public.
VOCABULARY
publier, to publish ; to déclare. !
pudeur,/., modesty, sharne.
puis, then, afterwards, next.
puiser, to draw; to drain.
puisque, since.
puissance,/., power, faculty.
puissant, -e, powerful.
pulluler, to multiply; to swarm punir, to punish.
pur, -e, pure.
qualité,/., quality; rank.
quand, when; — même, not-
withstanding ; anyhow.
quant à, with regard to, as for.
quantité,/., quantity ; rnany.
quarantaine,/., about forty.
quarante, forty.
quart, m., quarter; fourth.
quartorze, fourteen.
quatre, four; vingts, eighty ;
vingt-dix, ninety.
que, whom, that; which, what;
when ; as ; than ; how ; how
much; how many; (whether);
(let) ; because; {pften redun-
daîtt).
quel, -le, what; what a; which;
who; — que, whatever; who-
ever.
quelconque, whatever; any;
some ... or other.
quelque, some: any; a few;
whatever : however.
quelquefois, sometimes.
querelle, /., quarrel.
question,/., torture.
quête,/., quest.
quêter, to beg.
quiconque, whoever.
quinze, fifteen.
quitter, to quit, leave.
quoi, which; what: de — , where-
withal; something (to . . .
— que, whatever.
quoique, although.
quote-part,/, quota, share.
quotidien, -ne, daily.
rabais, m., discount.
rabattre, to abate, lessen; to bring down; se — , to fall back.
rabougrir, to stunt.
raccourci, m., epitome ; en — , epitomized.
raccourcir, to shorten, abridge.
rachat, m., repurchase ; rédemption.
racheter, to repurchase; to buy off ; to redeem.
racine,/, root.
raconter, to recount, narrate.
racornir, to make hard orhorny.
raffiné, -e, refined.
raffinement, ?;/., refinement.
raffoler, to be passionately fond (of).
rage, /., rage ; faire — , to rage ; to be the rage.
ragoût, m., stew.
raide, stiff.
raideur,/., stiffness; rigidity.
raidir, to stiffen.
railler (se), to rail y: to make game of.
raillerie,/., raillery, jesting.
raison,/., reason: right: à plus forte — , with still more reason, still more; avoir — , to be right.
raisonnement, w-, reasoning; argument.
raisonner, to reason; to argue.
raisonneu-r, -se, reasoner; prater.
ralentir, to slacken. moderat.e.
ralliement, m., rallying, rally.
rallier, to rally.
rallumer, to rekindle.
VOCABULARY
ramage, m., warbling; (on stuffs)
flowers.
ramasser, to gather, collect; to
pick up.
rame,/., oar.
rameau, m., bough.
ramener, to bring again or back.
ramper, to creep.
rançon,/., ransom, penalty, rançonner, to ransom; to despoil, rancune,/., rancor; spite.
rang, 02., rank.
ranger, to range ; to arrange ; to
set ; to draw up.
ranimer, to reanimate; to revive, rapetisser, to lessen; to dimin-
ish. rappeler, to recall; to remem-
ber.
rapport, m., report ; relation.
rapporter, to bring back; to
bring again ; to bring in : to re-
peat; se — , to relate.
rapprocher, to draw near; to
bring near.
ras, -e, close-shaved ; à -e terre,
level with the ground.
raser, to shave; to shear.
rasoir, m., razor.
rassasier, to satiate, cloy.
rassemblement, m., gathering;
assemblage.
rassembler, to assemble, collect.
rassurer, to reassure.
rat, m., rat; — de cave, excise-
man.
râtelier, m., rack.
rattacher, to fasten ; to connect.
ravir, to ravish; to delight,
transport, rayon, m., ray; radius.
rayonnement, m., radiation, rayonner, to émit rays ; to beam.
rebâtir, to rebuild.
rebours, m., au — , the reverse.
rebut, m., refuse, rubbish.
rebuter, to repel; to displease.
receler, to conceai.
récemment, recently.
recette,/, receipts.
receveur, m., receiver of taxes, recevoir, to receive; to receive
company.
réchapper, to escape.
réchaud, m., hot-water dish;
heater.
recherche,/, research.
rechercher, to seek, solicit.
récit, m., récital; narrative, réclamation,/, protest, réclamer, to claim, demand; to
protest, recoin, m., corner, récolte,/, crop; harvest.
récolter, to reap, gather.
reconduire, to reconduct; to es-
cort to the door.
reconnaissance, /., gratitude ;
récognition; reconnoitering.
reconnaître, to recognize; to
acknowledge; to be grateful
for.
reconstruire, to reconstruct.
recourir, to hâve recourse.
recours, m., recourse; resort, recouvrement, m., collection.
recouvrir, to cover again, cover
over.
recrue,/, recruiting; recruit.
recruter, to recruit.
rectiligne, rectilinear, straight.
recueil, m., collection, recueillir, to reap; to pick up;
to receive; to shelter.
reculer, to move back; reculé,
remote.
redevance, /., due; rent; roy-
alty.
redevenir, to become again.
rédiger, to draw up ; to draught.
redorer, to regild.
redressement, m., straightening;
righting; bristling up.
redresser, to straighten (up).
VOCABULARY
réduire, to reduce, réduit, m., retreat.
réel, -le, real; true.
refaire, to remake; to restore, refléter, to reflect.
refondre, to recast, remould.
réforma-teur, -trice, m., /., reformer; reformatory.
réforme, /., reform; retrench-
ment.
reformer, to form again.
réformer, to reform, amend.
réfractaire, refractory ; rebel-
lious.
refréner, to restrain, curb.
refroidir, to cool.
refroidissement, ?n., cooling.
réfugier, to shelter.
refuser, to refuse; se — , to
shrink from (à), régal, m., feast; treat.
régaler, to treat.
regard, m., look; glance; gaze;
en — , opposite, regarder, to look, régence,/., regency.
regimber, to kick; to resist.
régime, m., régime; regimen;
government; administration, régir, to govern; to rule.
régisseur, m.z manager; steward, règle,/., rule.
règlement, m., régulation; law.
régler, to rule; to regulate; to
settle.
règne, m., reign.
régner, to reign.
regorger, to overflow; to be
glutted.
réguli-er, -ère, regular.
rehausser, to raise ; to heighten ;
to set off.
reine,/, queen.
rejaillir, to gush; to flash.
rejet, m.} off shoot, sprout.
rejeter, to throw back; to re-
ject; to set aside; se — , to
fall back.
rejeton, m., shoot, sprout.
rejoindre, to rejoin ; to overtake.
réjouir (se), to rejoice.
relâchement, m., laxity.
relâcher, to relax.
relancer, to hunt out; to rouse.
relevé, m., abstract; statement; list.
relever, to raise, raise up again ; to heighten; to exalt; to notice.
relief, m., prominence.
relier, to bind; to unité.
religieu-x, -se, m., monk, friar; /., nun.
reliquat, m., remains.
remède, m., remedy.
remédier, to remedy.
remercier, to thank.
remettre, to put again; to restore; to hand; to remit.
remise, /., discount; remission.
remonter, to ascend; to remount; to go back.
remoudre, to grind again.
remplacer, to replace.
remplir, to fill.
remuer, to move; to stir; to turn up.
renaissance, /., renascence, new birth, renaissance, revival of learning and of arts.
renaître, to be born again; to revive.
rencontre, /., meeting; chance:
coïncidence.
rencontrer, to meet ; to encounter.
rendez-vous, m., place of meeting; resort.
rendre, to render; to restore; to pay.
renfermer, to confine; to contain; to comprise.
renommée,/, renown.
renoncer, to renounce, give up.
renouer, to tie again ; to résume.
renouveler, to renew; to renovate.
VOCABULARY
renouvellement, m., renewal.
renseignement, ///., information, rente,/., income.
renti-er, -ère, m., /., one who
lives on the income of invest-
ments.
rentrer, to reenter; to go or corne
back ; to return home ; to
corne in ; to be comprised.
renverser, to overthrow ; to reverse, renvoyer, to send back ; to send
away, dismiss.
répandre, to spread ; to pour ;
to exhale, reparaître, to reappear.
réparation,/., repairs.
réparer, to repair.
repartie,/., repartee.
répartir, to distribute ; to assess.
repas, m., meal, repast.
repasser, to reexamine ; to re-
hearse ; to review.
répéter, to repeat.
répétition, /., répétition; re-
hearsal.
réplique,/., reply ; rejoinder.
répondre, to answer ; to re-
spond.
réponse,/., response.
repos, m., repose.
repousser, to push back ; to re-
pulse; to reject ; to grow
again.
reprendre, to take again ; to
take back ; to résume, représentant, -e, représentative.
représentation,/., maintenance
of the dignity of station ;
officiai entertainment.
représenter, to keep up appear-
ances ; to maintain dignity of
station ; to make a display. réprimer, to repress.
repris, -e, — de justice, old
offender, convict.
reprise,/, resumption; revival.
reproduire, to reproduce.
république,/, republic.
répugner, to be répugnant, réseau, m., network, résoudre, to résolve, respectueu-x, -se, respectful.
respirer, to breathe.
ressaisir, to seize again.
ressembler, to resemble.
ressentiment, m., resentment.
resserrer, to narrow.
ressort, m., spring ; force ;
motive power ; jurisdiction ;
en dernier — , without appeal.
ressource;/, resource, restant, m., remainder.
restaurer, to restore ; to repair, reste, m., rest ; remains ; relies ;
du — , moreover; besides.
rester, to remain, restreindre, to restrict, restrain.
résultat, m., resuit, résumé, m., summary.
résumer, to summarize.
rétablir, to reestablish.
retard, m., delay ; en — , late,
behindhand.
retardataire, m., /., one in ar-
rears.
retenir, to detain ; to retain ; to
hold back ; to restrain.
retentir, to resound ; to make a
noise.
retirer, to draw back ; to draw
out ; to withdraw.
retomber, to fall back.
retour, m., return ; winding ; reversion ; reciprocation.
retourner, to return; to turn
over ; to turn round, retrancher, to retrench ; to eut
off ; to suppress ; to reduce
expenses ; to intrench, rétrécir, to narrow.
retremper, to invigorate.
retrouver, to find again ; to find.
rets, m., net, snare.
réunir, to unité ; to assemble ; to
combine.
VOCAEULARY
réussi, -e, successful.
réussir, to succeed.
réussite,/., success.
revanche, /., revenge; return; return-match ; en -^, to make amends ; as a compensation.
rêve, m., dream ; vision ; illusion.
réveil, m., awaking.
réveiller, to awake.
révéla-teur, -trice, m., /., revealer.
révéler, to reveal.
revenant, m., ghost.
revendiquer, to claim,' demand, lay claim to.
revendre, to sell again.
revenir, to corne back; to be due ; to amount ; to cost.
revente,/., resale.
revenu, m., income.
rêver, to dream.
révérence,/, révérence; bow.
rêverie,/., dream.
revers, ?n., reverse.
revêtir, to clothe ; to put on ; to invest.
revoir, to see again.
révolté, -e, rebellious, in revolt.
revue,/, review.
rez, de-chaussée, m., ground-
floor.
rhéteur, m., rhetorician.
ricanement, m., sneering.
richesse,/, riches.
rider, to wrinkle.
ridicule, ridiculous.
rien, (ne — rien), anything; nothing ; — autre chose, nothing else; — que, only ; — moins que, nothing less than ; anything but.
rieur, »?., laugher.
rigueur,/, rigor.
rime,/, rhyme.
rimer, to rhyme.
rire, to laugh ; to smile.
risque, m., risk, péril.
risqué, -e, risky; broad, free.
risquer, to risk, venture.
rivière,/, river; stream.
robe,/., robe; gown ; dress ; mag-
istrate's gown; law, magis-
tracy ; — de chambre, dress-
ing gown ; gens de — , lawyers,
magistrates.
roc, ?;z., rock, rocheu-x, -se, rocky.
rôder, to prowl.
rôdeur, m., prowler; vagabond, rogner, to clip.
rogneu-x, -se, scabby ; mangy.
roi, m., king.
rôle, ?n., rôle, list ; part, romain, -e, Roman, roman, m., novel ; romance, romanci-er, -ère, novelist.
romanesque, romantic.
rompre, to break; to break off
relations, ronde,/., round; faire la — , to
go (the) round, ronfler, to snore ; to roar.
ronger, to gnaw.
rose, m., rose-color, pink.
roture,/, lowly origin.
roturi-er, -ère, plebeian ; com-
mon, vulgar.
rouage, m., wheel-work; machin-
ery ; wheels.
rouge, red; m., paint, rouge, rougir, to redden ; to blush, rouille,/, rust.
rouleau, m., roll.
rouler, to roll.
routini-er, -ère, routine-like.
rouvrir, to reopen.
royaume, m., realm ; kingdom.
royauté,/, royalty.
ruban, m., ribbon.
rude, rough ; harsh ; hard ; rude ;
vigorous.
rudesse,/, roughness; rugged-
ness.
rudoyer, to treat roughly, ill-
treat.
VOCABULARY
rue,/., street.
ruelle, /., lane ; passage (beside
a bed).
ruer (se), to rush, ruine,/., ruin.
ruisseau, m., stream.
ruse,/, cunning, trickery.
rusé, -e, artful, crafty.
Russie,/, Russia.
rustre, rustic, boor.
sable, m., sand.
sabot, m., wooden shoe ; hoof.
sac, m., bag ; sack ; pillage.
saccadé, -e, jerky.
saccager, to sack, plunder.
sacrifier, to sacrifice.
sagace, sagacious.
sage, wise ; m., wise man.
sagesse,/, wisdom.
saignée,/, bleeding.
saillie, /., projection ; sally ;
witticism ; faire — , to project;
to stand out.
sain, -e, sound; sane.
saint, -e, holy; la Jean, St.
John's day, Midsummer day.
sainteté,/, sanctity.
saisie,/., seizure.
saisir, to seize ; to grasp ; to un-
derstand; to notice, saison,/, season; weather.
salaire, /;/., wages.
sale, dirty ; sordid.
saler, to sait, salière,/, salt-cellar.
salir, to soil ; to sully.
salle,/, hall; room.
salon, m., drawing-room ; parlor;
gallery or exhibition (of works
of art).
saluer, to salute; to greet.
salut, m., safety ; salvation ; salutation, sang, m., blood.
sanglant, -e, bloody.
sanglier, m., wild-boar.
sangsue,/, leech; bloodsucker.
sans, without.
sans-gêne, m., unceremoniousness, freedom from restraint.
santé,/, health.
sape,/., sapping ; mine.
satisfaire, to satisfy.
sauf, save, except ; (à) at the risk (of).
saugrenu, -e, absurd.
saut, m., leap.
sauter, to leap ; to blow up.
sauvage, wild; savage.
sauvagerie,/, wildness ; barbarism.
sauvegarder, to safeguard, protect.
sauver, to save ; se — , to escape ; to run away.
sauveur, m., deliverer; préserver; saviour.
savant, -e, learned; skilful; complicated ; scholar.
saveur,/., savor; flavor.
savoir, to know; to know how; (to be able) ; — vivre, to be well-bred, hâve (good) manners ; saurais, can.
savoir, m., knowledge.
savoir-vivre, m., good breeding, refined manners.
savoureu-x, -se, savory.
sayon, m., cloak, frock.
sceau, m., seal; garde des -x, keeper of the seals.
scélérat, m., rascal.
