acte, m.f act
actuellement, now.
adapté, e, adapted, suited.
administrateur, m.^ administrator. [tive.
administrati-f, -ve, administraadministration, /., administration; — intérieure, home administration.
administrer, to administer; med.^ to prescribe.
admirateur, m.y admirer, admirer, to admire, adopter, to adopt.
adresse,/, skill, art, clevemess.
adresser, to address; s’ — à, to address, apply to.
Adriatique,/, Adriatic sea.
adversaire, w., adversary, foe, opponent.
affaiblir (s^), to weaken (oneself).
affaire,/, affair, business, affecter, to affect, feign, profess.
affût, m,y gun-carriage.
afin de, in order to.
Afrique,/, Africa, agent, m.y agent; — d^affaires, business agent.
agglomérer (s^, to agglomerate, gather.
VOCABULARY
agir, to act, move, operate.
agitation,/, tossing.
agiter, to swing, agitate.
aide,/, aid, help, relief, aider, to aid, support, relieve.
aile,/, wing.
ailleurs, elsewhere ; partout — , anyw’here else; d^ — , besides.
aimer, to love, like.
ainsi, thus, therefore, as; — que, as well as.
aise,/, ease, comfort; à P — , at ease.
ajouter, to add; il y ajoutait de ces paroles, he accopipanied them with some of those words.
Albanais, Albanese.
Alger, w., Algiers (on north coast of Africa), alléguer, to allégé.
Allemagne,/, Germany.
aller, to go.
allié, e, ally.
allocution, /, allocution, harangue.
allumer, to light up.
alors, adv.^ then.
amas, tn.^ miscellaneous aggregation, mass.
ambassadeur, w., ambassador.
ambitieu-x, -se, ambitious.
âme,/, soûl.
amélioration, /, improvement, betterment.
amener, to bring, bring about, induce.
am-er, -ère, bitter.
ami, e, friend.
amiral, w., admirai amortir, to deaden, break, amour, m.^ love, fondness.
an, year.
ancien, w., ancient, vétéran, ancien, ne, old, former, ancienneté,/, (d^âge), seniority.
ancre,/, anchor; à P — , riding at anchor.
âne, w., ass, donkey.
ange, m.^ angel anglais, e, English.
angle, m.^ angle, corner.
Angleterre,/, England.
année,/, year.
annoncer, to announce, proclaim.
annuel, le, annual, yearly.
annuellement, annually.
antique, antique, août, m.y August.
apercevoir, to discern, see ; —
de, to notice, appartenir, to belong.
appeler, to call, name; s^ — , to be called, named.
appliquer (s^, to apply oneself, strive, attend to.
apporter, to bring.
apprendre, to learn, be informed.
apprêter (s^), to préparé, approche,/, approach.
approcher, to approach; s^ — de, to approach.
approprier (s’), to appropriate (to oneself).
approuver, to approve.
approvisionnement, m., supply.
appui, w., support, appuyer, to support, rest.
après, p7'ep.^ after ; d^ — , aecording to ; adv.^ afterward, after.
arabe, w.,Arab; (tongue) Arabie, arabe, adj.^ Arabian, Arabie.
Arabie,/, Arabia. See map, arbre, w., tree.
arc, bow’, arc.
Archipel, w., Archipelago or Ægean sea.
ardent, e, ardent, ardeur,/, ardor, spirit.
aride, barren.
arme,/, arm, weapon.
armée,/, army, host.
armement, armament.
armer (s^), to take up arms.
aromates, m, pl.^ aromatics, spices.
arpentage, w., land-surveying.
VOCABULARY
arracher, to wrest.
arrêter, to stop, detain, check ;
— , to stop, hait, arrière, m., rear; — garde, rear guard.
arrivée,/., arrivai, arriver, to arrive, happen; impers. il arrive, there arrives, it happens.
arroser, to water.
artillerie,/, artillery.
aspect, , aspect, spectacle, sight.
assaillir, to assail.
assassinat, assassination.
assassiner, to assassinate.
assaut, w., assault.
asseoir (s^), to sit down.
assez, enough, sufficiently, quite.
assiéger, to besiege.
assis, e, seated.
assister (à), to attend, associer, to associate.
assurer, to assure, secure, guarantee; s^ — , to ascertain.
astronomie, /, astronomy.
astucieu-x, -ae, crafty.
attacher, to attach, attribute; s^ — Pesprit de, to ingratiate oneself with, win over.
attaque,/, attack.
attaquer, to attack, engage, attendant (en), meanwhile.
attendre, to wait for, expect;
s’ — à, to expect.
attirer, to draw, attract. attribution, /, attribution, prérogative.
aucun, e, any ; ne — , no, not an y.
aucunement, at ail; ne — , not at ail.
audace,/, boldness, daring.
audacieu-x, -se, bold, daring.
augmenter, to increase.
aujourd'hui, to-day, now.
auquel, à laquelle, etc..^ to whom, to which.
aussi, too,also, therefore; — . . .
que, as • . . as.
aussitôt, immediately.
autant, as much, as many; — que, as much as.
auteur, w., author.
automne, m., autumn, fall.
autorité,/, authority.
autour de, prep., around; tout — , adv.y ail round, autre, other.
autrefois, formerly.
autrement, otherwise, different-
Autrichien, w., Austrian.
auxiliaire, m., auxiliary.
avance (d^), in advance.
avancer (s^), to advance, proceed, go, corne forv\ard, extend, run.
avant, before; en — de, in front of; adv.y heretofore, before ; en — , forvvard.
avantage, w., advantage.
avantageu-x, -se, advantageous.
avant-garde,/, vanguard.
avant-veille, /, two days before. avarie,/, damage, avec, with.
avertir, to warn.
aveugle, blind.
avide, fond, greedy.
aviso, m., aviso, advice-boat, despatch-boat.
avoir, to hâve, possess; impers.^ il y a, there is, there are, etc. ; •with noun of time., ago, since ;
— cinq mois, five months ago;
— cinq mois que nous sommes ici {construe •with main verb\ we hâve been here five months.
avouer, to avow; n^ — pas, not to mention.
bagage, m., baggage.
baigner (se), to bathe.
bail, w., lease.
bain, m.y bath.
baïonnette,/, bayonet ; à la — , at the point of the bayonet.
VOCABULARY
baisser, to lower, subside, balayer, to sweep ; {mil.) to rake, enfilade, balle,/., bullet.
barbare, barbarous.
Barbarie,/, Barbary, N. W. coast of Africa.
bas, se, low ; Basse Egypte, L^wer Eg}'pt.
baser, to base, bas-fond, m., shoal.
bataille, /, battle ; en — , in battle array.
bataillon, m., battalion.
bâtir, to build.
batterie,/, battery.
battre, to beat, defeat ; se — , to fight.
beau, bel, belle, beautiful, fine, handsome, glorious.
beaucoup, much, many.
beauté, /., beauty.
belligérant, e, belligerent.
belliqueu-x, -se, warlike.
besoin, m., need.
bey, m., bey, govemor of a province in the Turkish dominions, bien, well, very, much, many.
bien-etre, w., welfare.
bienfaisant, e, bénéficiai, salutary.
bienfait, w., blessing.
bienfaiteur, m.f benefactor.
bientôt, soon.
bière,/, beer.
blé, wheat, corn, blesser, to wound.
blessure,/, wound.
bloquer, to blockade, close, boire, to drink.
bois, w., wood.
bombarder, to bombard.
bombe,/, bomb.
bon, ne, good, kind.
bonheur, w., happiness, good fortune.
bord, m., bank, shore, border, skirt.
border, to border, skirt.
borne, /, boundary; sans — , boundless.
bouche,/, mouth.
boulet, m., can non-bail, bouleverser, to tum upside down.
bouquet, w., clump, tuft.
bourse,/, purse.
bout, m., end; à — portant, at very close range, branche,/., branch, arm.
bras, m.., arm.
brave, brave, worthy.
braver, to brave, face, dare.
bravoure,/, bravery.
brèche,/, gap, breach.
brick, m.y brig.
brigand, m.^ brigand, robber.
brigandage, m., brigandage, robbery.
brillant, e, glittering, shining.
briser (se), to break, bruit, m., noise, peal, booming.
brûler, to bum, scorch.
but, m., aim, purpose.
butin, m., booty.
cacher (se), to hide.
cachot, m.y dungeon.
cadavre, /w., corpse.
café, w., cofîee.
Caire (Le), Cairo.
calculer, to calculate.
calme, calm.
calme, m.., calm, calmness ; avec — , calmly.
calomnie,/, calumny, slander.
camarade, w., comrade.
camp, w., camp, encampment.
campagne,/, country, field,campaign; tenir la — , to keep the field.
campé, e, encamped, posted.
canon, w., cannon, gun.
canonner, to cannonade. .
canonnier, w.,cannonier,gunner.
VOCABULARY
canonnière,/., gunboat.
canot, VI, y boat.
cap, w., cape; — de Bonne Espérance, Cape of Good Hope.
capitaine, w., captain, military leader.
capitale,/, capital (city).
capituler, to capitulate.
car, for.
caractère, w., character.
caravane,/, caravan.
caresser, to humor.
carré, m.,, square, carte, /, map.
Carthage,/, Carthage, N. Africa, cartouche, /, cartridge.
cas, w., case, catacombe, /, catacomb.
cataracte,/, cataract, fall. Caucase, Caucasus, moun-
tainous région between Black and Caspian seas.
causer, to cause, occasion, cavalerie,/, cavalry.
cavalier, w., cavalier, horseman.
ce, cet, cette, pl, ces, this, that, these, those.
ce, C% prou.,, it, this, that; — qui, — que, which, what.
ceci, cela, this, that.
céder, to yield.
célèbre, celebrated, famous.
célébrer, to celebrate; se — , to be celebrated.
célérité,/, celerity, speed.
celui, celle,//., ceux, celles, this, that, these, those; with rel.
pron.,, he, she, they.
celui-ci, etc.,, this, this one, the latter.
celui-là, etc.,, that, that one, the former.
cendres,/ //., cinders, ashes.
cent, w., hundred.
centaine,/., about a hundred.
centre, w., center.
cependant, however, nevertheless, meanwhile.
cercle, tn., circle.
certain, e, certain, sure, some.
certainement, certainly, surely.
certitude,/, certainty.
cesser, to cease.
c^est-à-dire, it is to say, namely.
chacun, e, each one, every one.
chaîne,/, chain.
châle, m., shawl.
chaleur,/, beat.
chaloupe, /., launch, long-boat;
— canonnière, gunboat.
chameau, m.,, camel.
champ, w., field; sur-le , at
once, forthwith.
chant, m.j chant, song, hymn.
chanter, to sing.
chanvre, w., hemp.
chapeau, m.,, hat.
chaque, each, every.
charger, to load, lade, charge, commission; — de, to intrust with.
chasse, /, chase ; donner la — , to give chase.
chasser, to chase away, drive away.
chef, w., chief.
cher, chère, adj.^ dear; cher,Æ^/z/., dear, dearly.
chercher, to look for, inquire ; — à, to strive.
chèrement, dearly.
chérir, to cherish, be fond of.
cheval, m.,, horse.
chevalier, m.^ knight.
cheveu, w., hair.
chez, at, to one’s; among, with;
— le général, at the general’s.
chimère,/, chimera, idle fancy. choc, w., shock, onset.
choisir, to choose, select, abide.
chrétien, w., Christian, chrétienté,/, Christendom.
ciel, m.,, sky, heaven.
cingler, to sail, steer.
cinq, five; cinquante, hfty.
cipaye, w., Sepoy.
VOCABULARY
Circassie,/, Circassia,N. W.part of Caucasus.
circonstance,/., circumstance.
circuler, to circulate, go round, citadelle,/, citadel.
cité,/, City, citoyen, citizen, clarifier, to clarify.
clémence,/, clemency, mercy.
clément, e, clement, merciful.
climat, w., climate, sky.
cloche,/, bell.
cœur, m., heart, breast.
collègue, m.y colleague.
colonie,/, colony.
colonne,/, column.
combattre, to combat, fight.
commandant, w., commandant, commander.
commandement, w., command.
commander, to command.
commandeur, w., commander, comme, as, in quality of.
commencer, to begin, commence, commissaire, w., commissary, commissioner.
commission, /., commission, board.
commodité, /, commodity, convenience.
communiquer (se), to communicate, spread.
compagnie,/, company, compagnon, w., companion.
compatriote, m., compatriot, countryman.
compl-et, -ète, complété, complètement, completely.
composer, to compose ; se — de, to be composed of.
comprendre, to comprise, comprehend, understand.
compromettre, to commit, imperil, involve.
comptant, in cash, ready money.
compter, to reckon; — sur, to rely on.
concentrer, to concentrate.
concert, w., concert; de — , in concert.
concerter (se), to concert, concevoir, to conceive.
conclure, to conclude.
concours, w., co-operation, condamner, to condemn, doom, compel.
conduire, to lead, drive; se — , to conduct oneself.
confiance,/, confidence, trust, confier, to confide; — à, to intrust one vith ; se — à, to trust.
conforme, conformable, suitable, confus, e, confused, uproarious.
congé, m,^ leave of absence, connaître, to know,be acquainted witlî.
conquérant, e, conquering; m.^ conqueror.
conquérir, to conquer.
conquête,/., conquest.
conquis, e, //. ^/ conquérir, consacrer, to appropriate.
conseil, w., counsel, council.
conseiller, to counsel, advise.
consentir, to consent, conséquence (en), accordingly, conservation,/, préservation, conserver, to preserve, keep.
consoler, to console ; — de, to make up for.
consolider, to strengthen, consolidate.
consommé, e, consummate.
consommer, to perform.
constamment, constantly.
constance,/, perseverance.
constant, e, constant, consterner, to throw into consternation.
constituer, to constitute.
construction, /, construction, building, mode of building, construire, to construct, build.
consulter, to consult.
conte, m., taie.
VOCABULARY
contempler, to contemplate, look upon, look down upon.
contenir, to contain, restrain.
contenter de (se), to content oneself ^^ith; il s’était contenté de placer, he had contented himself with placing, or he merely had placed.
contestation,/., contention, continuel, le, continuai, continuons, unceasing.
continuer, to continue, keep on, be continued.
contraire, contrary ; au — , on the contrary.
contre, against.
contre-amiral, w., rear-admiral.
contredire, to contradict.
contrée,/, country, région, contreminer, to countermine.
contribution,/, contribution, tax.
convenir, to agréé, be appropriate, suited.
convoi, m., convoy.
Cophte, m., Copt.
corps, m.^ body.
côte,/, coast, shore.
côté, w., side; d’un — , on one side; de tous — s, in ail directions ; du — de, in the direction of.
coton, m.y cotton.
couchant, e, setting.
coucher, w., setting; — du soleil, sunset.
coup, m., blow, stroke, shot; — de mort, death-blow; — de foudre, thunderstroke; — d’œil, glance; — d’œil pénétrant, keen understanding ; tout à — , suddenly.
couper, to eut off, intersect.
courir, to run, hasten.
courrier, w., courier, messenger, court, e, short, coussin, w., cushion.
coûter, to cost.
coutume,/, custom, practice.
couvent, w., convent.
couvert, e, /./. ^couvrir, couvrir, to cover, protect, shelter.
craindre, to fear, dread.
crainte,/, fear.
créer, to create.
creuser, to dig, sink.
cri, w., cry, shout; à grands — s, loudly.
croire, to believe.
croiser, to cross, cruise.
croiseur, w., cruiser.
croisière,/, cruise, cruiser.
croyance,/, belief.
cruauté,/, cruelty.
cruel, le, cruel, culte, w., worship, religion, cultivable, arable, cultiver, to till, cultivate.
culture,/, cultivation, curieu-x, -se, curions, inquisitive.
Damiette,/., Damietta. Seemap.
dangereu-x, -se, dangerous.
dans, in, into.
Dardanelles, /, Dardanelles, strait between Marmora and Ægean seas.
davantage, more, longer, de, of, from, with, by, for, on, upon.
débarquement, m., landing.
débarquer, to land.
débile, weak.
débiter, to relate, recite, débloquer, to raise a blockade or siégé.
débordement, m., overflow.
déboucher, to debouch.
débris, w., débris, remains, wreck.
décharger, to discharge, fire.
décider, to décidé, settle, induce; se — à, to décidé upon, détermine.
déclarer, to déclaré, proclaim.
décombres, w.//., rubbish.
VOCABULARY
déconcerter, to disconcert, découragement, discouragement, despondency.
décourager, to discourage, dishearten.
découvrir, to discover, descry.
décrire, to describe.
dédoubler (se), to divide into two.
défaite,/, defeat.
défendre, to defend, forbid défense,/, defence.
dégoûter (se), to grow weary, averse.
dehors, m., outside.
déjà, already.
delà (au — ), beyond.
délicat, e, délicate, dainty.
délivrer, to rescue, free from.
demander, to demand, ask, call for.
démâter, to dismast.
démêlé, w., quarrel, loud words.
demeure,/, dwelling, mansion, demeurer, to remain, stay.
demi, e, half.
demi-cercle, m., semicircle.
demi-circulaire, semicircular.
démonté, e, unmounted.
départ, w., departure.
dépasser, to go beyond, drif t past.
dépendant, e, dépendent, in the service of.
dépendant (en), a dependency of it.
dépens, m. pl.^ expense; aux — , at the expense.
déplacer, to displace, déployer, to deploy, display; se — , to deploy.
déporter, to déport, déposer, to deposit.
dépouille,/, spoil.
dépouiller, to despoil, strip.
depuis, since ; — quelque temps, for some time.
député, w., deputy, member of the legislative assembly, in France.
derni-er, -ère, latter, last.
dérober (se), to steal away, slip away.
déroute,/, rout.
derrière, m., back ; pi. (mil.), rear (of army). .
derrière, behind; par — p
from behind.
dès, from; — lors, thence; — que, as soon as.
désastre, m., disaster, désastreu-x, -se, disastrous.
désavantage, m., disadvantage.
descendre, to descend, go ashore.
désemparé, e (nav.), disabled.
désespéré, e, desperate.
désespoir, m., despair, déshonneur, m., disgrâce, désignation,/, appointment.
désir, m., desire, wish.
désirer, to desire, wish, long for.
désolé, e, grieved, deeply chagrined.
désordre, m., disorder, confusion, disturbance ; le — se mit, disorder broke out.
desquels, desquelles, of w^hom, of which.
dessinateur, ///., draughtsman.
dessous (au — ), below.
dessus (par — ), above; — tout, above ail.
destin, m., fate.
destiné, e, destined, intended for, appointed.
destinée,/, destiny. détacher, to detach.
détail, m., detail, particular.
détaillé, e, detailed.
détracteur, m., detractor, defamer.
détroit, m., strait, straits.
détruire, to destroy, overthrow.
deux, two ; les — , both.
devancer, to précédé, outrun.
devant, before, in front of ; au — de, to meet.
devenir, to become.
VOCABULARY
deviner, to divine, giiess.
devoir, to be indebted for, owe, ought, should, must.
devoir, m., duty.
dévorer, to consume, prey upon, pore over.
dévouer (se), to devote oneself.
différent, e, different, difficile, difficult, hard.
difficilement, with difficulty, hardly.
digne, vrorthy.
dignement, fitly, in a dignified manner.
digue, /., dam.
diminuer, to diminish.
dîner, m.^ dinner.
dire, to say.
diriger, to direct, lead; — sur, to send on; se — sur, to bend one’s course towards.
discipliner, to discipline, disparaître, to disappear.
dispenser, to dispense with.
disperser, to disperse, disposé, e, determined, ready.
disposer (se), to préparé, be about.
disposition, y., disposition, arrangement.
disputer, to dispute; se — , to contend for.
dissiper, to dissipate.
distance, /., distance ; de — en — , at certain distances, divers, e, diverse, several, respective.
diviser, to divide ; se — , to divide, be divided.
dix, ten.
doigt, w., finger.
domination, domination, dominion, rule.
dominer, to rule over, hold supremacy.
dommage, w., damage, donc, then, therefore.
donner, to give, bestow, award.
pay ; — cinq sous par boulet, to pay five sous a cannon-ball.
dont, of whom, of which.
dorer, to gild.
dos, w., back ; — à — , back to back.
doubler, to double (sail around), weather,
doué, e, endowed, gifted.
douleur, y., grief, pain, doute, w., doubt.
douter, to doubt ; se — , to suspect.
douze, twelve.
drapeau, m., flag.
dresser, to draw up.
droit, right ; de — , by right.
droit, e, right.
droite,/., right hand, right (hand side).
dromadaire, w., dromedary.
Druses, w., Druses (inhabit valleys of Lebanon).
dune,/, down, sand-hill.
duquel, de laquelle, of which, from which.
durée,/, duration, durer, to last.
eau,/, water.
ébranler (s^), to start.
échange, w., exchange, échapper (s^ — ), to escapeéchelle,/, ladder, scaling-ladder.
échoir, to fall to the lot of.
échouer, to run aground.
éclater, to burst, break forth.
écrier (s*), to exclaim.
écrire, to write.
édifice, w., édifice, stately building.
édifier, to edify.
effet, w., effect; en — , in fact, indeed.
effrayant, e, frightful.
effrayer, to frighten.
VOCABULARY
effroi, w., fright, horror.
égal, e, equal.
également, equally, both.
égaler, to equal.
égards, m. pl.^ regards, considération.
égorger, to slaughter.
eh bien ! well !
élan, w., burst, outburst.
élancer (s^), to dart (forward).
élever, to raise, bring up ; s’ — , to rise, amount.
éloigné, e, at a distance, away.
éloignement, w., remoteness.
éloigner, to send away ; — , to
leave, move away.
élu, e, elected.
embarcation, /., boat ; mettre une — à la mer, to lower a boat.
embarquer, to embark, take on board ; — , to embark, go on
board.
embarrassé, e, encunibered. embossage, w., anchoring.
embosser (s^), to anchor.
embouchure,/., mouth.
emmener, to take away.
emparer (s^) de, to gain possession of, take possession of, capture.
empêcher, to prevent.
empire, m., empire, State, employé, m., employée, employer, to employ, use, spend, improve.
emporter, to carry away, carry by storm, shoot off.
empreint, e, impressed, marked, stamped.
en, pron.^ of it, of them, some, any, its, their.
en, prep.^ in, to, by, on, upon, w^hile, whilst.
en, adv.^ from there, thence.
enceinte, /., enclosure, circumference.
enclouer, to spike.
encore, adv.^ yet, still, again^ more, even ; pas — , not yet.
endroit, w., place, spot, énergie,/., energy.
enfant, w., child.
enfermer, to enclose, shut in.
enfin, at last, in fine, enflammer, to inflame.
enfoncer, to break; s^ — , to sink.
enfuir (s^), to flee.
engagé, e, engaged, amidst, immersed.
engager, to engage, attack.
enjoindre, to enjoin, order.
enlever, to carry (by storm), capture; — à, to take aw’ay from.
ennemi, m.^ enemy, foe.
ennemi, e, hostile, enseigner, to teach.
ensemencer, to sow.
ensuite, then, next, after.
entendre, to hear.
enthousiasme, w., enthusiasm.
enti-er, -ère, entire, whole.
entièrement, completely.
entourer, to surround ; s^ — de, to meet wfith.
entraîner, to drag (away), carry (away), induce, entre, between.
entrée,/, entrance.
entrepôt, w., entrepôt, emporium, mart.
entreprendre, to undertake.
entreprise,/, enterprise, undertaking.
entrer, to enter, entretien, w., maintenance, envahir, to invade, storm.
envelopper, to surround, involve, enverraient, co7idit. of envoyer, environ, adv.^ about, environner, to surround, encompass.
environs, m. pL^ environs, surrounding country.
envoyé, w., envoy, messenger.
VOCAHULARY
envoyer, to «end, despatch époque,/, epoch, time.
épouvantable, frightful.
épouvanter, to terrify.
éprouver, to suffer, feel, meet with.
épuiser, to exhaust, expend.
équipage, m., crew.
équiper, to fit out; — , to
equip oneself.
ère,/., era.
errer, to wander.
érudit, erudite, scholar.
escadre,/ {nav.), squadron.
escadron, m. {cavalry)^ squadron.
escalader,to scale, escalade, escarmouche,/, skirmish.
esclave, m.f., slave, escorter, to escort, convoy.
espace, w., space.
Espagne,/, Spain.
espèce,/, kind.
espérance,/, hope, expectation, espérer, to hope, expect.
espion, spy.
espoir, m.^ hope.
esprit, m.^ mind, affection, essayer, to try, risk.
essentiel, w., main point, essential.
essuyer, to endure, établir, to establish, set up, settle.
établissement, w., establishment.
étancher, to quench.
état, State, condition, état-major, m., staff, été, w., summer.
étendre (s^), to extend, stretch.
étinceler, to flash, glisten.
étoffe,/, stuff, cloth.
étoile,/, star, étrange, strange.
être, w., being.
étroit, e, narrow.
étudier, to study, explore, investigate.
Euphrate, /«., Euphrates (river, W, Asia).
Européen, ne, European.
évacuer, to evacuate.
évaluer, to estimate.
évanouir (s^), to vanish.
événement, m., event.
évêque, w., bishop.
exact, e, exact, accurate.
exactement, exactly.
exalter, to excite, examiner, to examine, exceller, to excel.
exécutable, practicable.
exécuter, to execute ; s^ — , to be executed.
exécuti-f, -ve, executive, exemple, w., example, instance, exercer, to train ; — la justice, to administer justice; — la vengeance contre, to vrreak vengeance on.
exercice, exercise, office, exigeant, e, exacting.
expirer, to expire, expliquer, to explain. exploit, w., exploit, deed.
exploiter, to exploit, exposer, to expose, exprimer, to express, exquis, e, exquisite, delicious.
extraordinaire, extraordinary.
extrême, extreme, farthest.
extrémité,/, extremity.
fabrication, /, manufacture, face, /, face, front; de — , in front ; en — , opposite, fâcheu-x, se, harmful, untoward.
facile, easy.
façon (à leur), in their way.
faim,/, hunger, starvation.
faire, to do, make, form, grant ; — feu, to fire ; — voile, to sail; — part de, to impart, communicate ; — manquer, to
VOCABULARY
thwart ; — prisonnier, to take prisoner; — jouer un canon, to tire a cannon ; — réussir, to make a success of ; il n^en fit rien, he did nothing of the kind ; with inf.^ to cause one to do a thing, or a thing to be done ; with 7toun of distance g07te over, to walk, march, ride, etc. ; se — , to be made, carried on ; se — un plaisir, to gratify a pleasure ; se — la guerre, to fight one another.
fait, m., fact ; de — , in fact. falloir, iTnpers.^ must, ought, should, to want, require.
familiariser, to familiarize.
familiarité,/!, familiarity.
fanatique, fanatical.
fantassin, w., foot-soldier.
fatiguer, to tire ; se — , to grow weary, wear off (itself), subside, faute,/., fault, error, mistake.
faveur, /, favor, behalf.
favori, te, favorite, femme,/., woman, wife.
féodalité,/, feudality.
fer, zv., iron, sword ferez,///, //faire, ferme,/, farm.
ferme, firm, unshaken.
fermer, to close, shut up.
fermeté, /., firmness ; avec — , firmly.
féroce, ferocious, fierce.
fertile, fertile, fruitful.
fertilité,/, fertility.
festin, w., banquet, fête, /., festival, anniversary feast, public rejoicing, entertainment.
feu, ?72., tire, bonfire ; au — {mil.)^ under fire.
feuille,/, leaf, sheet.
février, w., February.
fidèle, w., faithful, pious Catho-
fier, fière, proud, manly.
fièvre,/, fever.
figure,/, face, countenance.
figurer, to represent.
filer, to file ; faire — , to lead in files.
fille,/, daughter.
fils, w., son.
fin,/, end, close, finir, to finish, end, be over.
fij^er, to fix, draw.
flamme,/, flame.
flanc, 771., side ; sur le — gauche, (nav.), to port (side).
flanquer, to fiank.
flatter, to flatter, humor, indulge, court, encourage, fleuve, m., river, flot, 771., billow, wave, water.
flotte,/, fleet.
flotter, to float, flutter, hover.
flottille,/, flotilla.
foi, /, faith; ajouter — à, to give faith to ; de bonne — , in good faith.
fois, /, time; à la —, at the same time.
fonction,/, function, occupation, fond, 771., bottom, remotest part, fondateur, th., founder.
fondre {milf to dart, dash, fall upon.
fonds, 7n., ground, substratum, force,/, force, strength.
forcer, to force, compel.
forme,/, form.
former, to form ; se — en, to fall into the form of.
fort, adv., very, much.
fort, e, adj., strong.
fortement, strongly, earnestly.
fortifier, to fortify.
Fortune,/, {77tyth.), goddess of destiny, fortune, destiny, chance.
fossé, 771., ditch ; {mili), moat.
foudre, /., lightning, thunderbolt ; coup de — , thunderstroke.
VOCABULARY
fougueii-x, -se, fiery.
foule,/], crowd, throng.
fouler, to trample down.
four, VI., oven.
fourmiller, to swarm.
fournir, to supply, provide, afford.
fraîcheur, /!, freshness, luxuriance.
frais, m., pL, expense; aux — , at the expense.
français, e, French.
franchir, to cross, clear, jump over.
frapper, to strike, impress deeply.
frère, m., brother.
froid, e, cool, cold.
froidement, coolly.
front, m., front, forehead ; de — , in front ; faire — à, to face, frontière,/, frontier.
fugiti-f, -ve, fugitive, fuir, to flee.
fuite, /, flight.
fumée,/, smoke.
funeste, disastrous, fatal, fureur, /, fury, rage; jusqü^à la — , to madness. furie,/, fury.
furieu-x, -se, furious, enraged.
furti-f, -ve, furtive, stealthy.
furtivement, furtively, stealthily.
fusil, m,, musket.
fusillade,/, fusillade, musketry lire.
fusiller, to shoot down, fusillade, fuyard, fugitive.
gages, m,pl,, wages.
gagner, to gain, run to, win, win over.
gaieté,/, cheerfulness.
galop, m., gallop ; de tout le — , at full speed.
galoper, to gallop.
garder, to guard, keep ; se —
bien de, to take good care not to.
garnison,/, garrison.
gauche, left.
gauche, /, left hand, left (hand side).
généralement, generally.
générosité,/, generosity.
génie, m,, genius.
genre, m., kind.
gercer (se), to crack, germe, m., germ.
gigantesque, gigantic.
gloire,/, glory.
glorieusement, gloriously.
golfe, m., gulf, bay.
gomme,/, gum. goût, m., taste, love, desire.
goutte,/, drop.
gouvernement, m., government.
grâce à, thanks to.
grand, m., grandee, leading man.
grand, e, great, large, lofty.
grandir, to grow larger.
grand-maître, w., grand-master, gravement, seriously.
graver, to engrave.
gravir, to climb up.
Grèce,/., Greece.
gros, m., bulk.
gros, se, big.
grossir, to swell.
guère (ne), not much, hardly.
guérir, to cure.
guerre, /., war.
habile, skilful, able, clever.
habitant, w., inhabitant, habitation, /., résidence, mansion.
habiter, to inherit, live in.
habituer, to habituate, inure ; s^ — , to get used, habituated, inured.
haie,/, hedge.
haleine,/, breath.
VOCABULARY
halte,/., hait; faire — to hait, harceler, to harass.
hardi, e, bold.
hardiesse,/, boldness, daring.
hardiment, boldly.
hasard, w., hazard, péril, hâter (se), to hasten.
haut, e, high, lofty, upper.
haut, w., hauteur, /, height ; du haut de, from the summit of.
Héliopolis (sound s). See Map.
héroïque, heroic.
héroïsme, w., heroism.
hésiter, to hesitate.
heure,/, hour, o’clock.
heureusement, fortunately.
heureu-x, -se, fortunate, successful.
hideu-x, -se, hideous.
histoire,/, history.
hiver, m., winter.
homme, m., man ; — de guerre, warrior.
honnête^ honest.
honneur, m., honor ; tenir à — , to be proud.
honorer, to honor, do honor to.
honteu-x, -se, ashamed.
horriblement, horribly, awfully.
hors, beyond ; — de portée, ont of range ; — de combat, disabled.
hospitalité, /., hospitality.
houblon, m.y hop. huile,/, oil.
huit, eight; huitième, eighth.
humeur,/, ill-humor.
hutte,/., hut, cabin.
ici, here, now, in this case, idée,/, idea, thought.
ignorer, to be ignorant of, not to know.
île,/, island.
illuminer, to illuminate, light up.
îlot, /«., islet.
ilote, w., helot.
imaginer, to invent, contrive, devise.
imiter, to imitate.
immensité,/, immensity.
immobile, motionless, fixed.
immobilité,/, immobility.
immodéré, e, unbounded.
impassible, impassible, imperturbable.
impatiemment, impatiently.
impatience,/, impatience, fretfulness.
impétueu-x, -se, impetuous.
impétuosité,/, impetuosity.
impie, impious.
important, e, important, momentous.
importer, impers., to be of importance, conséquence, imposant, e, imposing, awestriking, lofty.
imposer, to impose ; — à, to overawe.
imposteur, m., impostor.
impôt, m., impost, tax.
imprenable, impregnable.
imprimer, to impress, impart, give.
impuissance, /., impotency, incapacity.
impuissant, e, powerless, unavailable.
impuni, e, unpunished.
imputer, to impute, ascribe.
inattaquable, unassailable.
incalculable, incalculable, countless.
inconnu, e, unknown, secret.
Inde,/., India; pl., Indes, East Indies ; mer des Indes, Indian Océan.
indécis, e, undecided; bataille — e, drawn battle.
indemnité, /., indemnification.
compensation.
indépendance,/., independence.
VOCABULARY
indépendant, e, independent.
indigne, unworthy. indigné, e, indignant, indiquer, to indicate.
individu, m., individual, person.
indocilité,/!, indocility, peevishness.
inébranlable, unshakable.
inévitable, inévitable, unavoidable, sure, infâme, infamous.
infanterie,/., infantry.
infatigable, indefatigable.
inférieur, e, inferior, lower.
infester, to infest.
infiniment, infinitely.
infliger, to inflict.
influer, to exert an influence, infortuné, e, unfortunate.
ingénieur, w., engineer.
ingénieu-x, -se, ingénions, clever.
initier, to initiate.
injurieu-x, -se, insulting, opprobrious.
innombrable, innumerable.
inondation,/., inondation, overflow, flood.
inonder, to inundate, overflow.
inouï, e, unheard of.
inquiétude,/, anxiety.
inscrire, to inscribe ; se faire — sur la liste, to enlist.
insensé, e, insane, fanatical.
inspirer, to inspire, command.
instituer, to institute, establish.
instruire, to inform; s^ — , to get informed.
insuffisant, e, insufficient.
insurgé, e, insurgent, interdire, to preclude, bar.
intérêt, interest, concern.
intérieur, m., interior ; à V — , within.
intermédiaire, w., intermediary.
intermédiaire, intermediate, half-way.
intervalle, w., interval.
intervention,/., intervention, influence.
intimider, to intirnidate.
intrépide, intrepid, fearless.
introduire, to introduce, let in ;
s^ — , to enter, inutile, useless.
inutilement, uselessly.
investir, to invest. [ly.
involontairement, unconsciousinvulnérable, invulnérable, irréparable, irréparable, irrésolu, e, irresolute.
irrité, e, irritated, angry.
issue,/, outlet.
isthme, w., isthmus.
Italien, w., Italian.
ivoire, m., ivory.
ivre de, overflowing with.
jadis, once, formerly.
jamais, ever ; ne . . . — , never.
jambe,/, leg.
janissaire, m., janizary.
janvier, w., January.
jardin, m., garden.
jeter, to throw, divert, drive ; se — dans, to rush in ; se — sur, to fall upon ; se — à la côte, to strand on the beach.
jeune, young.
jeunesse,/, youth.
joie,/., joy.
joindre, to join, meet, overtake ;
se — à, to be connected with.
joncher, to strew.
jouer, to play, jouissance, /., possession, jour, m., day, daylight ; pointe du — , daybreak.
Jourdain, w.. Jordan. See map, journal, newspaper.
journée,/, day, day’s occupation, juger, to discern, deem, apprehend ; — • de, to form an opinion of.
VOCABULARY
Juif, ni., Jew.
juillet, ni., July juin, m., June.
jurisprudence, f., jurisprudence, law.
jusque, to, till, until ; — ici, to this day; jusqu^à, as far as, up to.
juste, just.
justement, justly, rightly.
là, there, thither ; c^était — , that was.
lac, m., lake.
lâche, coward.
lâcheté, /., cowardice, act of cowardice.
laisser, to leave, let, permit ; se
— déporter, to permit to be deported.
lancer, to hurl, wield.
langage, m., language, words.
langue, language, longue, strip.
large, broad.
largeur,/., breadth.
larme,/, tear.
laurier, m., laurel; //., glory.
lég-er, -ère, light.
légèrement, lightly.
légume, m., legume, vegetable.
lendemain, m., follovving day.
lentille,/, lentil.
lequel, laquelle, lesquels, lesquelles,who, which.
leur, to them ; their.
lever, to raise; — Pancre, to weigh anchor.
Liban, m., Lebanon. See map.
liberté,/, liberty.
lieu, m., place ; avoir — , to take
— ; au — de, instead of .
lieue,/, league.
ligne,/, line.
limon, m., slime, mud.
lin, m., flax.
lire, to read.
lisière,/, outskirt, border, liste,/, list, roll.
litanie,/, litany.
livrer, to deliver up, give up, nght; — un assaut, to assault ; se — , to devote oneself ; {of b attlé) to be fought.
loger, to lodge, quarter.
loi,/, law.
loin, far; au — , at a distance.
lointain, e, remote.
long (le) de, along.
longer, to march, sail, ride along.
longtemps, long.
longueur, /, length.
lors, then.
lorsque, when.
loyalement, loyally.
lumière,/, light, knowledge.
lunette,/, spy-glass, telescope.
lutte,/, struggle, conflict.
lutter, to struggle, contend.
luxe, m., luxury.
Madieh, m., Madieh, lake {atthe head of the canal front Alexandria to Raniarieh, on the Nile). [did.
magnifique, magnificent, splen- Mahométan, m., Mahometan, Mohammedan.
mai, ni., May.
main,/, hand ; à la — , in hand.
maintenant, now.
maintenir, to maintain, uphold.
mais, but.
maison,/, house, home, maître, ni., master, ruler.
maîtresse,/, mistress, ruler.
mal, ni., hardship.
mal, badly, feebly.
malade, m., sick.
maladie,/, sickness.
malgré, in spite of, notwithstanding.
VOCABULARY
malheur, m., misfortune, woe.
malheureusement, unfortunately.
malheureu-x, -se, unfortunate, disastrous.
mali-n, -gne, malicious.
maltraiter, to maltreat, ill-use ;
{fiav.) to cripple, batter.
mamelon, w., mound, hillock. manger, to eat.
manière, /., manner; de — à, so as to.
manœuvrer, to manœuver, steer.
manqué, e, unsuccessful.
manquer, to fail ; — de, to lack, be wanting in, short of, destitute.
marchand, m., merchant.
marche, /., march; en — , in motion.
marcher, to walk, march, get on.
marécage, w., marsh, swamp.
marin, m., seaman, naval ofïicer.
marine,/, navy.
maritime, naval, mars, March.
massacre, w., massacre, slaughter.
massacrer, to massacre, slaughter.
masse,/, mass, bulk.
matelot, w., sailor.
matière,/, material.
matin, w., morning.
maudire, to curse.
mauvais, e, bad.
mécontentement, m., discontent, médiation,/, médiation, intercession.
meilleur, e, better; le — , the best.
mélange, m.y mixture, combination.
mêler (s^en), to set in, creep in.
melon, m.y melon ; — d^eau, watermelon.
membre, m.y limb.
même, adj.y same, very, even ;
de — que, de — , as, so ; p7'07t.y self, himself, herself, itself.
menacer, to menace, threaten, imperil.
ménager, to spare.
mépriser, to despise, scorn.
mer,/, sea.
méridional, e, Southern, mérite, m.y merit, ability.
merveille,/, marvel, wonder.
merveilleu-x, -se, marvelous, wonderful.
mesure,/, measure, step.
métier, m.y craft, trade, employment, business.
mettre, to put^ place, lay, set; — à la voile, to set sail ; — bas les armes, to lay down the arms ; — le feu à, to set fire to ; se — , to break out ; se — à, {with infinitivé), to set about ; se — en marche, en route, to start ; — à Pancre, to anchor.
meurtre, m.y murder.
meurtri-er, -ère, murderous, bloody.
midi, m.y South.
mieux, adv.y better ; tant — , so much the better.
milice,/, militia, soldiery.
milieu, m.y middle, center ; — du corps, waist; au — de, in the center of, amidst.
militaire, military.
mille, thousand. millier, m.y about a thousand.
miner, to mine, ministre, m.y minister.
Minorque,/, Minorca {o7îe of the Balearic Islande).
misérable, misérable, wretched.
misérablement, -wretchedly.
misère,/, wretchedness.
miséricorde,/, mercy.
miséricordieu-x, -se, merciful.
mitraille,/, grape-shot.
mitrailler, to fire upon with grape-shot.
VOCABULARY
modérément, moderately, with modération.
mœurs,/ //., manners, customs.
moindre, less,smaller, lesser.
moins, adv.^ less ; — de {with i ?tumgral)y less than ; au, du i — , at least ; à — que, unless. | mois, w., month. |
Moïse, Moses. i
moisson,/, harvest. i
moment, w., moment; pour le | — , for the présent ; du — que, since.
momentanément, temporarily, for the time.
monde, w., world, people ; tout le — , every one.
mont, m.^ montagne, /, mountain.
monter, to mount, ascend, go up, ride ; se — à, to amount to ; être monté sur, to ride, be carried on.
montrer, to show, exhibit, produce, point out.
morale,/, morality, ethics.
mort, e, dead, slain.
mosquée,/, mosque.
mot, m., Word ; bon — , witticism.
mouiller, to anchor.
moulin, w., mill; — à eau, water mill.
mourir, to die.
mousqueterie,/, musketry.
mouvant, e, mobile; sables — s, quicksands.
mouvement, m.^ movement, moyen, m.^ means; au — de, by means of.
moyen, ne, middle ; — âge, Middle Ages.
moyennant, by means of.
munir, to supply.
munition,/, munition, ammunition.
mur, w., muraille,/, wall.
murmure, murmur, grumbling.
murmurer, to murmur, grumble.
Musulman, m., Mussulman.
Mutealis, m., Mutealis {inhabit valley s of Leba7ion\ mystère, w., mystery, secret,
nageur, m.^ swimmer.
naguère, but lately.
naissance,/, birth.
naissant, e, infant, rising.
naître, to be born ; faire — , to give rise to.
natron, w., natron, carbonate of soda.
naturel, le, natural.
naufrage, m., wreck.
navire, w., ship, boat, craft.
ne, not ; — pas, point, no, not, nécessaire, necessary.
nécessité,/, necessity. [ness.
négligence,/, neglect, carelessnégliger, to neglect, slight.
négociant, w., merchant.
négocier, to negotiate.
neutre, neutral, neuter.
ni, neither, nor.
niveler, to level.
noblesse, / nobility.
nom, w., name.
nombre, w., number.
nombreu-x, -se, numerous.
nommer, to name, appoint, nord, w., north.
notable, w., notable, leading man.
nourrir, to feed, support, rear.
I nouv-eau,-el,-elle, new ; de — ,
: again.
i nouvelle, /, news, intelligence,
I tidings.
I noyer (se), to get drowned.
i nuage, w., cloud.
nuit,/, night.
nul, le, no, not any, of no account ; nulle part, nowher^ nullité, /, nullity, cypher.
VOCABULARY. ^ 119
obéissance^ obedience, submission.
objet, m., object, aim, purpose.
obliger, to compel.
observer, to observe ; faire — les lois, to enforce the laws.
obstiné, e, obstinate, stubborn.
obstiner (s^), to persist.
obtenir, to obtain, get, win, secure.
obus, m.y shell.
obusier, w., howitzer.
occasion, /., opportunity.
Occident, ni.^ Occident, West, occidental, e, occidental, western.
occuper, to occupy, hold; s^ — de, to busy oneself about, attend to.
œil, w., //., yeux, eye.
œuvre,/., work.
officier, m., officer.
offrir, to offer.
oisiveté,/, idleness, indolence, ombre, /, shade, shadow.
on, one, some one, people, they ; often rendered by a passive construction.
Opiniâtre, obstinate, stubborn.
opiniâtreté,/, obstinacy, stubbornness.
opposé, e, opposite, oppresseur, ?n.^ oppressor.
opulent, e, opulent, w'ealthy.
or, w., gold.
ordinaire, ordinary, usual.
ordonner, to order, ordain.
ordre, w., order; sous les — s, under the command.
orgueil, w., pride.
Orient, m., Orient, East.
oriental, e. Oriental, Eastern.
origine, /, origin.
oser, to dare.
ou, or ; — ... — , either ... or ; — bien, or else.
oîi, where, whither, when, in which.
oublier, to forget.
outrage, w., outrage, injury, insult.
outrageant, e, insulting, opprobrious.
outre, beyond, besides; en — .
besides.
ouverture,/, overture.
ouvrage, m., work.
ouvrir, to open.
pacifier, topacify.
pain, ni.,, bread.
paix,/, peace.
palais, w., palace.
palmier, w., palm, palm-tree.
pan, m.., pane, piece (of wall).*
pape, m.., pope.
paquet, w., packet, file (newspapers).
par, by, on, in, during, through, because of.
parages, m. pl.^ parts, paraître, to appear, seem.
parallèle, paraîlel.
parallèlement, parallelly.
parce que, because.
parcourir, to run over, go through, along.
pareil, le, such, like.
parfum, m., perfume.
parler, to speak.
parmi, among, amid.
parole, /., word.
part, /., part, share ; de toutes — s, in ail directions ; prendre — à, to participate in.
partage, w., division, partition, partager, to divide ; se — , to divide, be divided, divide among themselves.
parti, w., party, side, détermination. [local,
particuli-er, -ère, particular.
VOCABULARY
