acte, m., act
action,/., action, act.
adresse,/., skill.
adroit, -e, adroit, skilful.
affame, -e. famished, starving.
affectionne, -e, affectionate.
affectueu-z, -se, affectionate,
warm-hearted.
affreu-x, -se, f rightf ul; -sèment,
frightfuUy, terribly.
âge, m., âge; — d'homme,
manhood, man*s estate ; force
de 1* — , prime of life.
âgé, -e, old,
agenouiller (s*), to kneel.
aggravation, /., increase of
punishment.
agir, to act; il s'agit de, the
question is about.
agiter, to agitate, perturb ; s' — ,
to be in motion, be tossed
about.
agonie,/, agony.
agonisant, -e, struggling with
death.
ah çk ! corne now !
aide,/, aid, help, assistance, aider, to aid, help.
aiguiser, to point, whet.
aille, see aller, ailleurs, elsewhere; d' — , be-
sides, in other respects, other-
wise.
aimer, to love, like; s' — , to
like each other.
aîné, -e, eldest.
ainsi, so, thus ; — que, as well as.
air, m.f air ; avoir V — de, look
as if.
aise, glad.
aisé, -e, easy ; -ment, easily.
VOCABULARY
ajotttery to add.
alarme,/., alarm.
alarmer (s'), to become alarmed.
algue,/., seaweed.
allaiter, to nurse.
allée, /., alley.
Allemagne,/., Germany.
aller, to go, be going to, will ;
s'en — , to go away, withdraw,
retreat, départ, clear out ; ya-
t-^n ! be off I allonger, to lengthen, stretch out.
allumer, to kindle, light ; s' — ,
to be kindled, fîash up.
alors, then.
Alpes,/., Alps.
alternatives, /. //., altemating
effects.
âme, /., soûl, amertume,/., bittemess.
ami, m., -e,/., friend.
ami, -e, friendly.
amoindrir (s')) to grow less. amonceler (s'), to assemble,
crowd.
amoureu-z, -se, enamored, in
love, an, m.f year.
ancien, -ne, ancient, old.
ancre,/., anchor. ^ ange, m., angel.
angélique, angelic.
anglais, -e, English.
angle, m,y angle, corner, angoisse,/., anguish.
animer (s'), to become ani-
mated.
anneau, m,, ring, année,/., year.
apercoYOir, to behold, catch
sight of, see; s' — , to be a-
ware of.
apparaître, to appear, tum up.
apparence, appearance; en — ,
apparently.
appartenir, to belong.
appeler, to caH; s' — , to be
called.
apporter, to bring.
apprendre, to learn, teach, con-
vey.
approche,/., approach.
approcher, to draw near ; s' — ,
to approach. appui, m,f support.
appuyer (sur), to rest, empha-
size ; s' — , to rest.
après, adv, and prep., af ter.
arbre, m., tree.
arbrisseau, m,, young tree,
shrub.
ardent, -e, buming.
argent, m., silver, money.
argenterie,/., sil ver-plate, argousin, «»., galley-sergeant.
Arme, /., weapon.
armée,/., army.
arracher, to tear away, snatch
away, wring from.
arrêter, to stop, fix, arrest ; s' — ,
to stop, hait, pause, arrière, behind ; en — , back-
wards, behind ; en — de, behind the back of.
arrivée,/., arrivai, arriver, to arrive, happen, occar.
artère,/., artery.
asile, m,f refuge, aspect, m., aspect, appearance,
view.
aspérité, /., unevenness.
assaisonner, to season.
assassiner, to murder.
assaut, m., assault, attack.
asseoir (s'), to seat oneself.
assez, enough, sufEcient, rathei;
tolerably.
assiettée, /., platef ul.
assis, -e, seated.
assister (à), to witness.
associé, -e, associate.
assoupi, -e, slumbering. assourdir, to deaden.
assurément, certainly.
âtre, m., hearth.
attablé, -e, seated at the tablai
VOCABULARY
atteindre, to reach.
attendre, to wait, wsdt for, ex-
pect.
attendrissement, m,, émotion, attendu que, because.
attentat, m,f attempt.
attentivement, attentively.
attiser, to fan.
aube,/., dawn.
auberge,/., inn.
aubergiste, m,, host, landlord.
aucun, -e, no one, any.
au-dessous, under, below.
au-dessus, above.
augmenter, to increase.
aujourd'hui, to-day.
aumônier, m,, chaplain.
auparavant, before, previously.
auquel, see lequel, auréole,/, auréola, halo, glory, aussi, aiso ; theref ore ; aussi. . .
que, as ... as.
autant, asmuch, as many ; d' —
plus, ail the more, autel, m., altar.
auteur, m., author. autour, about, round, autre, other.
autrefois, formerly, before.
auxquelles, se€ lequel, avance,/., advance; d' — , in
advance.
avancé, -e,. advanced.
avancer, to advance; s' — , to
advance.
avant, before ; en — , Iq front ;
— peu, before long; — que,
before; — de wùâ an inf,,
before.
avec, with.
avenir, m., future; à V — , in
the future, aventure,/, adventure, venture;
à 1' — , at random.
avérer, to authenticate.
avertir, to wam.
avertissement, m., waming.
aveugle, m,, blind man.
aveugler, to blind.
avidement, eagerly.
aviser (s'), to take into one's
head.
avoir, to hâve, avouer, to confess, admit avril, m., April.
bagne, m., bagnio, galleys.
baiser, to kiss.
baisser, to lower, draw down, drop; la tête baissée, with the head drooping ; se — , to stoop down, bôid down.
balbutier, to stammer.
balcon, m., balcony.
ballot, m., baie.
banc, m., bench.
barbe,/., beard.
barre,/, bar.
barreau, i»., bar.
barrer, to bar.
barrière,/, fence.
bas, m.f stocking.
bas, m., lower part; an — de, below.
bas, -se, low; bas âge, early âge.
bas, adv., low; en — , below.
bâtir, to build, construct.
bâton, m., stick, cudgel.
battre, to beat.
béant, -e, gaping, with the mouth wide open.
béatitude,/, felicity.
beau, bel, belle, fine.
beaucoup, much, many, frequently.
bénédicité, m., grâce.
bénir, to bless, bestow the bénédiction on.
berceau, m., cradle.
besogne,/, work, job, business.
besoin, m., need.
bête,/, beast.
VOCABULARY
bête, stupid.
bien, m., good.
bien, well, very, much, a grea^
deal, many, certainly, really ;
often merely emphatic \ — que,
although.
bien-être, m., comfort.
bientôt, soon.
bienveillance,/., goodwill.
bienveillant, -e, benevolent,
kind.
bienvenu, -e, welcome.
bijou, m., jewel, trinket.
bise,/., north wind.
blafard, -e, wan.
blâmable, blameworthy.
blan -c, -che, blank.
blanchâtre, whitish.
blanchir, to whitewash.
blêmir, to grow dim.
bleu, -e, blue.
boire, to drink.
bois, m., wood.
boîte,/., box.
bon, -ne, good, kindly, dear.
bonheur, m., good luck, happi-
ness.
bonhomme, m,^ kind fellow.
bonnet, m,y cap.
bonsoir, m., good night bonté,/., goodness, kindness.
bord, I»., border, shore, side.
border, to border, borne,/., boundary-line.
borné, -e, narrow.
borner (se), to confine oneself.
botte,/., truss.
bouche,/., mouth.
boucler, to buckle.
bouclier, m., shield.
bouge, m,y hole, hovel, den.
bouger, to stir.
bougie,/., candie, bougon, -en, grumbling.
boulanger, m., baker.
boulet, m.y bail, bouleversé, -e, upset, disturbed,
in consternation.
boulon, m., boit, pin.
bourdonnement, m., murmur.
bourg, m., borough.
bourgeois, m., citizen.
bourru, -e, snllen, gruff, crabbed, surly ; avec quelque chose de — , somewhat sullen-
ly-
bourse,/., purse.
bout, m.y end, tip ; d'un — à
l'autre, from beginning to
end.
bouteille,/., bottle.
boutique,/, shop.
bouton, m,y button.
boutonner, to button.
braconnier, i»., poacher.
braise,/., embers.
branche,/., branch.
bras, f»., arm.
brave, good, worthy, fine, brebis, m.y lamb.
brèche,/., breach.
bretelle, /., suspender.
briller, to glitter.
briser, to break, crush.
broc, m., jug.
broche,/., spit.
brocheu-r, iw., -se, /., stitcher. broussaille,/, brushwood.
bruire, to bubble, seethe.
bruit, f»., noise, sound, report,
rumor.
brûler, to bum.
brume, /., f og, mist.
brun, -e, brown.
brune,/, gloaming.
brusque, gruff ; -ment, roughly,
abruptly, suddenly.
bruyère,/, heather, heath.
buisson, m., bush.
bure, /., coarse woolen stuff.
buvaient, see boire.
ça, (fam)j this, that.
cà, hère.
VOCABULARY
cabaret, fv., tavem.
cabaretier, f»., tavem-keeper.
cabestan, m. y caps tan.
cacher, to conceal.
cacheter, to seal.
cachot, m. y dungeon, cell.
cadavre, tn.y corpse.
caillou, m.y pebble.
calcul, m.y calculation.
calculer, to calculate.
calmant, -e, calming.
calme, m.y calm.
calme, calm. calotte,/., skuU-cap.
camarade, m., comrade.
campagne,/., Helds.
canon, m., cannon.
cantonnier, m,y road-mender.
capitaine, m. y captain.
captivité,/., captivity.
car, for.
caractère, m., disposition, carcan, m, y iron coUar.
cariatide,/, caryatid.
carpe,/, carp.
carré, m,y square, carré, -e, square.
carreau, m.y pane (of glass),
square, check.
cas, m.y case, casaque,/, coat, cassock.
casquette,/, cap.
casser, to break.
casserole,/, stew-pan.
cause, /, cause ; à — de, on ac-
count of.
causer, to cause ; to converse, cave,/, cellar.
caverne,/, cavern.
ce, cet, cette, this, it.
ceci, this.
céder, to yield.
ceinture,/, belt, girdle, waist.
cela, this, that, such persons.
céleste, celestial.
celle, she, her ; celle-ci, this ;
ceÛe-là, that ^one).
celui, he, him.
celui-là, that (one).
cependant, in the meantime,
however.
certes, certainly.
certitude,/, certainty.
cerveau, m.y brain.
cesse,/, intermission; sans — ,
incessantly.
ceux, (plur. of celut)y thèse,
those.
chacun, -e, each.
chaîne, /., chain, gang of galley- . slaves, chair,/, flesh.
chaise, /., chair, chaleur,/, beat, chambre,/, room ; — à coucher,
bed-room.
champ, m.y field.
chandelier, m.y candie-stick, chanter, to sing.
chaque, each.
charger, to load, heap, put on.
charité,/, charity, love, charmant, -e, charming.
charme, m.y charm.
charretier, m.y carter, charrette,/, cart.
chasser, to chase, drive, drive
away, tum out.
chat, m.y cat.
châtiment, m.y chastisement,
punishment.
chaud, m.y beat, chaud, -e, bot, warm.
chauffer, to warm ; se — , to
warm oneself.
chaume, m.y stubble.
chaumière,/, thatched cottage, chef, m.y chief.
chemin, m.y road ; long — , long
distance, cheminée,/, fireplace; chimney-
piece.
cheminer, to walk, go on.
chemise,/., shirt.
cher, chère, dear, ex pensive, chercher, to search, seek, try,
lOO
VOCABULARY
cuir, m,j leather.
cuire, to cook.
cuisant, s€e cuire, cuisine,/., kitchen.
cuivre, iw., copper.
curé, m,y priest, vicar.
dame,/., lady.
damier, m., draught-board ; dessin en — , checkered pattern.
damnation, /., condemnation.
damné, -e, damned, condemned,
reprobate.
dangereu -x, -se, dangerous.
dans, in, into.
davantage, more, de, of, from, by ; plus — , more
than. débarquement, m.y landing.
débattre, to debate, argue out ;
se — , to struggle.
débiteur, m., debtor.
déboucler, to unbuckle.
debout, standing; se lever — ,
to rise to one's feet.
décharger, to unload ; se — de,
to take off.
déchiqueter, to rend, déchirer, to tear ; se — , to part.
déchirure, /., rent.
décidément, positively ; ah ça I
— well I déclare I décisi-f , -ve, décisive, déclarer, to pronounce.
découvrir, to discover.
décrocher, to unhook, take down.
décroître, to diminish in size.
dedans, w., interior; au — ,
within, indoors.
dedans, adv,y in.
défaire, to undo, unbuckle.
défaut, m.y deficiency, default.
défendre (se), to défend oneself.
défiance,/., distrust.
définiti-f, -ve, définitive, final.
degré, iw., degree ; — à — , by
degrees.
déguisé, -e, disguised.
dehors, »»., outside ; du — , from
without ; au — , out doors.
dehors, adv., without, out.
déjà, already.
déjeuner, to breakfast. delà; au — de, beyond.
délabré, -e, dilapidated.
délicatesse, /., delicacy.
délinquant, m., delinquent.
délit, m.y crime, délivrance, /., deliverance.
demain, to-morrow.
demander, to ask, request.
démêler, to d&entangle, distin-
guish, discern.
démence, /., madness.
démesurément, excessively.
demeurer, to remain, demi, -e, half ; à — , half.
demi-artisan, m.y half -artisan, demi-heure, /., half-hour.
demi-jour, m.y half-light.
' demi-paysan, m. y half-peasant.
démolir, to demolish.
dent,/., tooth.
départ, m.y departure.
dépasser, to surpass, exceed.
dépenser, to spend; se — , to
be spent.
déplaire, to displease.
déplier, to unfold.
déposer, to deposit.
depuis, adv.y since; prip.y from,
since ; — que, since.
déraisonnable, unreasonable.
déranger, to disturb, displace, derni-er, -ère, last, youngest.
derrière, behind.
dès, since ; — que, as soon as.
désagréable, disagreeable.
désastre, m.y disaster, ruin.
désceller (se), to* become
loosened.
descendre, to descend, désert, -e, deserted.
VOCABULARY
lOI
désespéré, w.", person in despair.
désespéré, -e, desperate, in despair.
désespoir, m., despair.
déshabiller (se), to undress.
désigner, to point out.
lésir, m., désire.
désolé -e, desolate.
désormais, henceforth.
desquels, desquelles, see lequel.
dessécher (se), to dry up.
dessin, m.f pattem.
dessiner (se), to be outlined.
dessous, below, beneath.
dessus, above, upon.
destinée, /., destiny.
destiner, to design (for).
détacher, to detach, take off; se — , to part with, quit.
détenir, to detain, keep back.
déterminé, -e, decided, resolved (on).
détourner, to tum aside.
détremper, to sof ten.
détresse,/*., distress.
-détruire, to destroy.
devant, before.
devanture,/., front.
développement, m., development.
développer, to develop.
devenir, to become.
devient, seâ devenir.
deviner, to divine.
devinrent, see devenir.
devint, see devenir.
devoir, must.
devoir, m., duty.
dévorer, to devour, swallow up.
dicter, to dictate.
dieu, m,f God ; le bon — , God Almighty.
difficile, difficult.
difforme, deformed, misshapen.
digne, worthy, good.
dignité,/., dignity.
dimanche, m,t Sunday. *
diminuer, to diminish, reduce.
's steps.
dîner, to dine.
dîner, m., dinner.
dire, to say, tell, express, utter.
directement, directly.
Directoire, w., Directory.
diriger (se), to direct one's
dis, see dire.
disant, see dire.
disparaître, disappear, vanish.
disparition, /., disappearance.
disposer, to lay out ; se — , prépare.
disposition,/, disposai.
disproportionné, -e, disproportionate.
dissiez, see dire.
dissimuler, to dissimulate.
dissiper, to dissipât e, disperse.
distinct, -e, distinct, clear; -ement, clearly.
distinguer, to distinguish, make out.
distraire, to divert.
distribuer, to distribute.
dit, see dire.
dites, see dire.
divers, -e, various, varied.
divin, -e, divine.
divinité, /., divinity, divineness,
diviser, to divide.
dizaine,/., ten, about ten.
docteur, m., doctor.
dogue, m.f mastiff, bulldog.
doigt, m,, finger.
dois, see devoir.
dominer, to dominate.
dommage, m., damage, harm ; c'est — , it is a pity.
donc, so, thus, then, therefore ; a/ter an imp. merely emphatic,
donner, to give, convey, f urnish, bestow, impart ; — sur {said of Windows)^ look into, open on.
dont, whose, of which.
dormir, to sieep.
dos, m,y back.
doter, to endow.
double, to redouble.
VOCABULARY
double, double.
doucement, softly, gently,
mildly.
douceur, /., gentleness, mild-
ness.
douleur, /., grief, douloureu-x, -se, mournful,
woeful, sore.
doute, m,f doubt.
douter (se), to suspect, beware
of.
douteu-z, -se, doubtful.
doux, -ce, sweet, gentle.
drap, m., cloth, sheet.
dresser, to raise, prépare ; se — ,
to rise ; se — debout, to rise to
one's f eet.
droit, m.f right, law.
droit, -e, right ; adv,, straight.
dû, sââ devoir, dûment, duly.
dur, -e, hard, harsh; -ement,
harshly.
durer, to last.
eau,/., water.
éblouir, to dazzle.
éblouissant, -e, dazzllng.
ébranler, to shake ; s' — , to give
wav.
échaïauder (s'), to recel ve
scaffoids.
échanger, to exchange, échapper, to escape; s' — , to
escape, flee.
éclair, m,, flash.
éclaircie, /., coruscation, illumination, éclairer, to light, light up, il-
luminate.
éclatant, -e, loud, piercing,
shrill.
éclater, to burst out ; — de rire,
to burst out laughing.
école, y., school.
écouler (s')> to elapse.
écouter, to listen.
écraser, to crush.
écrier, (s'), to exclaim.
écrire, to write.
écrivant, seg écrire, écrivit, see écrire, écroulement, m., falling in.
écu, m.f crown pièce, dollar, écueil, m,, reef.
écuelle,/., bowl.
écume,/., foam.
écurie,/., stable, effacement, m,, blotting out.
effacer (s'), to be effaced,
vanish.
effaré, -e, frightened, be-
wildered.
effarement, m,, terror.
effarer, to bewilder, scare.
effet, m,, effect ; en, — in fact ;
mot à — , remark droppedwith
design, effraction,/., house-breaking.
effrayant, -«, terrifying, fright-
ful.
effroi, m,, terror, fright.
effroyable, frightful.
égal, -e, even, equal, same ; cela
m'est — , that makes no différence to me ; cela vous est — ,
that is nothing to you.
également, equally, likewise ;
— espacé, spaced at regular
intervais.
égaré, -e, bewildered. égarement, m., bewildertnent ;
avec — , wildly.
égayer, to enliven, lend a cheer-
fui aspect, église,/., church.
eh I ah ! — bien, well.
élancer (s'), to spring, dart.
élargir, to enlarge.
élever, to raise ; bring up ; s' — ,
to amount to.
elle-même, herself.
éloigner (s'), to withdraw, re*
tire, draw back, retreat
VOCABULARY
émaner, to emanate.
embarras, m,, embarrassment.
emboîter, to fît in, insert.
émondage, m,^ pruning.
émondeur, m.^ tree-pruner.
empêcher, to prevent.
empereur, m., emperor.
empiler, to pile up.
emplir, to fill.
emploi, m.f employment, use.
employer, to employ.
emporter, to bear or take away,
carry away or off.
empourprer, to empurple.
empreindre (s')» to bear the im-
print of, exhibit.
empressement, m.y eagemess.
emprunter, to borrow.
ému, -e, moved, touched.
en, pron,^ of or from him, of
her, of it, of them.
en, prep»^ in, into.
enclore, to enclose.
encore, still, again ; — ^une fois,
once more, endormi, -e, sleeping, asleep,
sluggish.
endormir (s')y to fall asleep.
endroit, m., place.
endurcissement, f»., hardness,
obduracy.
énergie,/., energy.
énergique, energetic; -ment,
energetically.
enfance,/., childhood.
enfant, m. and/.., child.
enfantillage, m.^ childishness.
enfer, tn»f hell.
enfermer, to shut up, closet.
enfin, finally, in short.
enfoncer, to drive or grind into,
stick or thrust into, sink;
s* — , to sink.
enfuir (s^y to flee.
engager, to engage, begin.
engloutir (s'), to be swallowed
up, be engulfed. [ment.
engloutissement, 01., engulf-
enjamber, to bestride.
enlever, to carry away.
énorme, enormous.
énormité, /., enormity, enor-
mousness.
ensanglanté, -e, bleeding.
enseigne,/., sign.
enseigner, to teach, inform,
direct, ensemble, m., whole ; tout V — ,
the whole appearance.
ensevelir, to bury.
ensuite, then, in the second
place.
entassement, m., accumulation,
pile, entendre, to hear, understand.
enti-er,-ère, entire.
entièrement, entirely.
entourer, to surround, entraîner, to bring, entaiL entre, between, among.
entre-baillé,-e, ajar.
entrée,/., entrance.
entre-mêler, intersperse.
entrer, to enter, entretenir, to entertain, talk to,
converse with.
entrevoir, to catch a glimpse of .
envelopper, to envelop.
envers, towards.
envien-x, -se, envious.
environ, about.
environner, to surround, encom-
pass.
envoyer, to send.
épais, -se, thick. épaisseur, /., density, dense
mis t.
épars, -e, scattered.
épaule,/., shoulder.
épaulette,/., epaulet.
éperdu, -«, bewildered.
épieu, m., pike.
épingle,/., pin.
épître,/., epistle.
époque,/., epoch, time.
épouse,/., wife.
VOCABULARY
épouvante,/., terror.
épouvanter, to f righten.
éprouver, to feel.
épuisé, -e, exhausted, wom out.
équilibre, m.f equilibrium.
équipage, m,^ crew.
errer, to wander about escabelle, /., stool.
escalade,/., scaling.
escalader, to scale, climb.
escarpement, m,^ steep declivity,
escarpment.
esclavage, m.^ slavery.
escrime,/., fencing.
espacer, to space.
espèce,/, sort, espérance,/., hope.
espérer, to hope.
esprit, m,y spirit, mind.
essayer, to try.
essoufflement, f».,lack of breath.
et, and.
étage, m.f story.
étager (s'), to rise story by story.
étain, m., pewter.
étalage, m., display.
état, fn., State, condition, trade.
été, m,j summer.
éteindre, to extinguish; s' — ,
to die away.
étendre, to stretch out, lay out,
hang up (linen) ; s' — , to
reach.
étendu, -e, stretched out.
étendue,/, expanse, space.
éternel, -le, eternal.
étincelle,/, spark.
étoile, /, star; à la belle — ,
in the open air.
étonné, -e, astonished.
étonnement, tn,y astonishment.
étonner (s'), to be astonished.
étouffer, to stifle.
étourdissement, m., thoughtless-
nesâ.
étrange, strange.
étrangement, strangely.
étranger, m., stranger.
être, to be.
être, m.f being.
étreindre, to strangle.
étroit, -e, narrow.
étude,/, study.
étudier, to study.
eux, they, them.
eux-mêmes, themselves. évader ^s'), to escape.
évangéhque, evangelical.
évanouir (s'), to faint.
évasion,/, escape.
évêché, m,, bishop's house.
éveiller, to awaken.
événement, f»., event.
évêque, m.j bishop.
évidemment, evidently.
éviter, to avoid.
exagérer, to exaggerate.
examiner, to examine, scrutin*
ize.
excepté, -e, except.
exception,/., exception ; à 1* — y
with the exception, excès, m,f excess.
excessi-f , -ve, excessive, exhortation,/, admonition, exorbitant, -e, outrageons, expliquer, to explain.
exprès, on purpose.
exprimer, to express, extase,/, ecstasy.
extérieur, -e, extemal.
extraire, to extract, quarry.
extrême, excessive, extrémité,/, end.
fabrique,/, factory.
face,/, face ; en — de, in front,
opposite, facile, easy ; -ment, easily,
readily. façon,/, manner, attention, façonner, to shape, make.
mould.
VOCABULARY
lOS
faible, weak.
faiblesse,/., weakness.
faïence, /., earthenware.
faillir, to be on the point of,
corne near.
faim,/., hunger ; avoir — , to be
hungry.
faire, to make, cause to, bring
about, create, procure ; — ^une
bonne nuit, to pass a good
night; il fait chaud, it is
warm ; se — , to be done, hap-
pen, take place, arise.
faisant, see faire, fait, i^aite, see faire, fait, -e, organized.
fait, m.^ fact, action, case ; tout
à — , entirely, perfectly ; du
— de, with respect to.
faite, see faire, faites, see faire, falloir, to be necessary, to be
required, must.
famili-er, -ère, familiar.
famille,/., family.
fangeu-x, -se, muddy.
fantastique, fantastic.
fantôme, m., phantom.
farouche, ferocious, wild, sav-
age, tierce.
fatalement, fatally.
fatigue,/., fatigue, hard labor;
à la — , at work.
fatigué, -e, fatigued, tired,
weary.
fatiguer, to fatigue, faudrait, see falloir, faut, see falloir, faute,/., fault fauteuil, m., arm-chair.
fauve, faliow ; bête — , deer,
wild animal, fau-x, -sse, false, wrong.
favoris, /».//., whiskers.
femme,/., woman.
fenêtre,/., window.
fer, m., iron.
fera, see faire.
ferme, firm.
fermer, to close, shut, fasten,
lock ; se — , to . be closed,
close, fermière,/., f armeras wife.
féroce, ferocious, wild.
ferré, -e, iron-shod. ferrer, to bind about with iron
work, put in chains.
fête,/, festival day.
feu, m., fîre.
feuille,/, leaf, sheet.
ficelle,/, twine, string.
fichu, m., neckerchief.
fièvre, /, f ever ; — de lait, milk-
fever.
figue,/, fig.
figure, /, countenance, face, figurer (se), to picture to one*
self, imagine, fil, m,y thread.
fille,/, girl, virgin.
fin,/, end.
finir, to end, resuit in.
fit, see faire.
fixement, fixedly, steadily.
flambeau, m., taper, taper-light,
candlestick.
flamber, to blaze.
flamme,/, flame. [hip.
flanc, tn,^ sîde ; à son — , on his flanquer, to flank.
fléchir, to give way.
fleur,/, flower.
fleur,/, surface; à — de, on a
level with.
flot, X»., billow.
flotter, to float, hover.
foi,/, faith.
foire,/, fair.
fois, /, time ; à la — , at the
same time.
folie,/, madness. fond, I»., bottom, background ;
sans — , bottomless ; au — , at
(the) bottom, at the furthest
end; de — en comble, from
top to bottom.
io6
VOCABULARY
font, see faire, fontaine, /., fountain.
forçat, m,y convict.
force,/., dtrength; — de l'âge,
prime of life; à — de, by dint
cf.
forêt,/., forest, wood.
Forêt-Noire, Black Forest (in
southem Germany).
formel, -le, explicit. • formidable, formidable, fright-
fui.
fort, -e, strong.
fort, very, very much.
forteresse, /., fortress, strong-
hold.
fortifier, to fortify.
fon, fol, folle, foolish. sense-
less, crazy. fouiller, to f umble.
foule,/., crowd, throng.
fouler, to tread.
fourchette,/., fork.
fourmiller, to swarm.
fourneau, m., stove.
frais, fraîche, fresh.
franc, >»., frank (French coin
= 20 cents), franchir, to cross, climb over.
frapper, to strike, tap.
frêle, frail.
frémir, to shudder.
frémissement, m., shudder,
tremor.
frénétiquement, frantically.
frère, w., brother.
frisson, m.y quiver.
frissonner, to shiver, tremble,
shudder.
froid, w., cold, avoir — , be
cold.
froid, -e, cold.
froisser, to hurt, wound.
fromage, m., cheese.
fromager, /»., cheese-maker.
fromagerie,/., cheese-dairy.
front, »*., brow.
fuite,/, flight, giving way.
fumer, to smoke, steam.
fumier, m,, manure.
funèbre, funeral, ominous furie,/., fury.
furti -f , -ve, f urtive, stealthy fusil, OT., gun.
gages, m. pL^ wages.
gagner, to gain, earn.
gai, -e, gay.
gaiment, gaily.
gaité,/, gaiety, cheerfulness.
galère,/., galley.
galérien, 1»., galley-slave, con>
vict garçon, m., boy.
garde, m., guard.
garder, to keep, retain ; se — ,
to guard oneself, take care.
gare I look outi gauche, left.
gazon, m.f turf, gênant, -^, embarrassing.
gendarmerie,/, police (force), gêner, to inconvenience, be in
the way.
genou, m,y knee.
genre, m,, sort, race ; — humain,
mankind.
gens, m. andf,y people.
geste, m., gesture.
gîte, M., lodging-place.
glacer, to f reeze.
glacial, -e, ic^, frigid.
glisser, to slip ; se — , to slip^
crawl, gloire, /., glory.
golfe, m., gulf.
gond, m,y hinge.
gorge,/., bosom, goufbre, m., gulf, abyss.
goût, m., taste.
grabat, m., pallet.
grâce, /., grâce ; par — , for
pity's sake; — à, thanks Xo\
VOCABULARY
dire — or les grâces, say
grâce.
gracieu-x, -se, graceful.
graduellement, gradually.
grand, -e, grand, great, big, large, tall; la — rue, themain Street ; au — jour, in the broad daylight ; en — , on a large scale, wholesale; tout — ouvert, wide open.
grandir, to grow great.
grange,/., barn.
gras, -se, fat.
grave, serious, grave, important; -ment, gravely.
gravir, to climb.
grenier, m.^ loft.
grief, m., grievance.
grille,/., grating.
gris, -e, gray.
grondement, m.y growl.
gros, -se, great, big, stout, large, huge, thick, plump, heavy, coarse.
grossir (se), to become large, grow.
grossissement, m., exaggeration.
groupe, m.y group.
guerre,/, war.
guichet, tn,y wicket.
guichetier, m., tumkey.
guider, to guide; se — , to see one's way.
habillé, -e, dressed.
habitant, m., inhabitant, deni-
zen.
habiter, to inhabit, habitude,/., habit.
habituellement, habitually, usu-
ally.
hagard, -e, haggard, bewil-
dered.
haie,/, hedge.
haillon, m., rag, tatter, shred. haine,/, hatred.
haïr, to hâte.
hâle^ I»., buming beat or wind.
haleine,/, breath.
halle,/, market-hall.
hangar, m., shed.
hardi, -e, bold, audacious;
-ment, boldly.
harmonieu-z, -se, harmonious.
hasard, m., chance; au — , at
random.
hasarder (se), to venture.
hâte,/, haste.
hâtivement, hastily.
hausser, to raise ; — les épaules,
shrug one's shoulders.
haut, -e, high, tall, loud (of
sounds).
haut, m.y height; an — , at the
summit.
haut, adv,y high ; tout en — ,
away at the top ; plus — ,
above.
hauteur,/, height.
havre-sac, m.^ knapsack.
Hébreu, »/., Hebrew.
hélas I alasl herbe, y., grass.
hérissé, -e, bristling.
hésiter, to hesitate. heure, /., hour ; huit -s, eight
o'clock ; tout à P — , just now ;
immediately.
heureusement, fortunately.
heureu-x, -se, happy.
heurter (se), to knock against.
hideusement, hideously.
hideu-x, -se, hideous.
hier, yesterday ; — soir , last
night.
hisser (se), to raise oneself up.
histoire,/, history, story.
hiver, »»., winter.
hocher, to shake.
homme, m,, man, husband ; les
-s, mankind.
honnête, honest ; — homme«
gentleman.
honneur, m., honor.
io8
VOCABULARY
horloge, m.f clock.
horlogerie,/., watchmaking.
horreur,/., horror.
hors, out.
hospitali-er, -ère, hospitable.
hôte, m., host, guest.
hôtelier, m., landlord.
hôtellerie,/, hostelry.
huile,/, oil. huiler, to oil.
huilerie,/, oil factory.
humain, -e, human, humane.
humblement, humbly.
humilier, humiliate.
hutte,/, but.
ici. hère, hitber, at this point.
idée,/, idea. «
ignorant, i»., ignorant man.
île,/, island.
illettré, -e, unlettered.
illimité, -e, limitless.
illuminer (s'), to be illumined, light up.
imbécile, i»., fool.
immobile, motionless.
immortel, -le, immortal.
impassible, impassive.
impérieusement, imperiously.
impérieu-x, -se, imperious.
impétueusement, impetuously.
impie, impious.
impitoyable, pitiless.
importer, to import ; qu'importe? what matters it ? n'importe, no matter.
imprévoyance,/, improvidence, lack of foresight.
imprimer, to print, impress, stamp.
imprimerie,/, printing-office.
impulsion,/, impulse, inachevé, -e, unfinished.
inarticulé, -e, inarticulate.
incommodement, with inconvenience.
inconnu, -e, unknown.
inconscient, -^, unconcious.
incroyable, incredible.
indéfini, -e, indefînite, endless.
indéfiniment, indefinitely.
indicible, unspeakable.
indienne,/, cotton.
indigné, -e, indignant, exasper-
ated.
indiquer, to indicate, point out.
indistinctement, indistinctly.
individu, m,, individual.
inégal, -e, unequal, irregular.
inégalement, unequally.
inépuisable, inexhaustible.
inexprimable, indescribable,
unutterable.
infamie,/, infamy.
inférieur, -e, lower.
infini, m., infinity, infinité, infirmité, /, infirmity.
infliger, to inflict. '
infolio, m,, folio, infortune,/, misfortune.
inhabitant, m,y denizen.
iniquité,/, iniquity. injustement, unjustly.
inoffensi-f, -ve, inoffensive,
harmless.
inouï, -e, unheard of .
inqui-et, -ète, uneasy.
inquiétude,/, uneasiness.
insignifiant, -e, insignificant.
instant, tn.y moment, instrument, m., implement.
insu; à mon — , unknown to me,
without my being conscious
of it.
insupportable, intolérable.
interdit,-e,disconcerted, speech-
less.
intérieur, f»., interior, internai,
inner, inward.
interroger, to interrogate.
interrompre, to interrupt ; e' — ,
to break off.
intervalle, m., interval; par -s,
at intervais.
VOCABULARY
inutile, useless.
invraisemblable, improbable, irréfléchi, -e, thoughtless, un-
premeditated. irrité, -e, irritated.
isolement, m,f isolation, itinéraire, m,, itinerary.
ivoire, m., ivory.
ivre, intoxicated.
jadis, formerly.
jamais, ever, never; à — , for-
ever.
jambe, /., leg; à toutes -s,
at the f ull speed of one's legs.
janvier, m,, January.
jardin, m,, garden. < jarret, m,, knee.
jaune, yellow.
jeter, to throw, throw away,
throw out, cast, toss, utter,
émit ; — des cris, to shriek.
jeu, m,f play.
jeune, young.
jeunesse,/., youth.
joie,/., joy.
joli, -e, pretty.
jouer, to play.
jour, /»., day, daylight, light;
au — , in the daylight.
journal, m.f newspaper.
journée,/., day.
joyeu-x, -se, joyous, merry.
jugement, m,, judgment.
juger, to judge.
jusqu'à, as far as, until, to,
even.
jusqu'alors, until then.
jusque, as far as; jusque-là,
until then, hitherto.
juste, just ; au — , rightly.
là, there ; û//en mereîy sirtngikening the dem, ce.
là-bas, yonder.
laborieusement, laboriously.
laborieu-x, -se, laborious.
lac, m,y lake.
lâche, cowardly.
lâcher, to let go, release ; — prise, to let go one's hold.
laideur,/., deformity.
laine,/., wool.
laisser, to leave, let, permit, release ; — faire, allow, not interfère.
lait, m.y milk.
lampe,/, lamp.
langue,/., tongue.
laquais, m., lackey.
laquelle, see lequel.
lard, m,f bacon.
large, large, wide ; -ment, widely.
larme,/., tear.
lanterne,/., lantern, light.
las, -se, weary.
le, la, pi, les, art., the.
le, la, //. les, pron,, him, her, it, them.
légèrement, lightly.
légitime, legitimate.
lendemain, m., next day.
lentement, slowly.
lenteur,/., slowness.
lequel, laquelle, which.
les, see le.
léser, to wrong.
lesquelles, see lequel.
letâre,/., letter ; à la — , literally.
leur, their.
levé, -e, risen.
lever, to rise, raise; au soleil levant, at sunrise; se — , to rise.
lever, m,, rising; du jour, daybreak.
levier, m., lever.
lèvre,/., lip.
libérer, to liberate, release, discharge.
liberté,/., liberty, freedom.
IIO
VOCABULARY
libre, free.
lieU| m.f place.
lieue, /., league.
ligne,/., line.
limbe, m.^ limbo.
linceiU, m.., shroud.
linge, m., linen.
lire, to read.
lisent, see lire.
lit, m,, bed.
littéralement, literally.
lividité,/., lividness, livid light.
liyre, m,t book.
locution,/., phrase.
loger, V, a,, to lodge, give a
lodging ; v. »., to lodge, obtain
a lodging, live, put up.
logis, m,f lodging, house, dwell-
ing.
loi,/., law.
loin, far ; au — , afar off ; plus — ,
f urther on.
lointain, -e, distant.
long, -ue, long ; le — de, along.
longtemps, long, loquet, m., latch.
lors de, at the time of.
lorsque, when.
louer (se), to hire out.
loup, fn,f wolf.
lueur,/., light, gleam.
lugubre, lugubrious, dismal.
lui, he, him, to him, to her.
lui-même, himself.
luire, to shine.
luisant, sge luire, lumière,/., light, enlightenment.
lumîneu-z, -se, luminous.
lune,/., moon, moonlight lutte,/, struggle.
lutter, to struggle.
luxe, m.f luxury.
M. (Monsieur), Mr.
machinal, -e, mechanical ; -ement, mechanically.
maçonner, to build.
mademoiselle, /, miss, magiquement, by magie, magistrat, m., magistrate* magnifique, magniôcent.
maigre, lean, thin.
main,/., hand.
maintenant, now.
maire, m., mayor.
mairie,/., town-haU.
mais, but.
maison, /., house ; — de yillei
town-hall.
maître, ««., master.
majestueu-x, ^se, majestic mal, m.f evil, harm; faire — ,
to hurt.
mal, badly, ill, poorly.
malade, sick.
maladi-f, -ve, unhealthy, mor-
bid.
malheur, m,, misfortune, unhap-
piness, trouble, disaster, malheureusement, unfortunate-
malheureu-x, -se, unfortunate ;
criminal.
manche, m., handle.
manche,/., sleeve.
manger, to eat.
manière, /., manner; à la — ,
after the manner.
manœuvre,/., manœuvre, work-
ing.
manquer, to lack, be missing.
mansuétude, /., gentleness,
meekness, mildness.
maraude,/., marauding.
marche,/., march, walking.
marché, m., market.
marcher, to walk, tramp. marge,/., margin.
mari, m., husband.
maritime, naval, marmite,/., pot.
marmiton, m., scullion.
marmotte,/., marmot, marque,/., mark.
VOCABULARY
marquer, to mark, show, mars, m,, March.
marteau, m, y hammer, masse, /m mass; hoard.
massi-i, -ve, sôlid.
massue,/., club, matelas, m.^ mattress.
matelot, m.t sailor.
matière,/., matter.
matin, m., moming.
matinée,/., moming.
mauvais, -e, bad, evil.
méchanceté, /., viciousness.
méchant, -e, wicked, evil, un-
pleasant.
mèche,/., match.
méditer, to meditate, plan,
think over.
meilleur, -e, better.
mélange, m.y mixture, mêler, to mingle.
membre, m., member, limb.
même, self, same ; even \ de —
que, just as, as well as; le
matin — , the very morning.
menaçant, -e, menacing.
menacer, to threaten.
ménagement, m., considération, mendiant, m.y mendicant.
mener, to take.
mépris, m.y scom.
méprise,/., mistake.
mépriser, to despise.
mer,/., sea.
merci, thanks.
mère,/., mother.
mérite, tn,y merit.
messe,/., mass.
messieurs, //. of monsieur, mesure,/., measure ; à — que, in
proportion as.
mesuré, -e, measured, formai, mettre, to put, place ; se — à,
to begin, set to, fall to, set
about.
meubles, m. pi. y fumiture.
meule,/., mill-stone ; stack, rick.
meure, see mourir.
meurs, see mourir.
meurtri, -e, bruised, broken.
meurtrir, to bruise.
midi, m,y midday, noon, south.
mieux, better, more.
mi-juin, m.y middle of June.
mil, m.y millet.
milieu, m.y middle, centre, middle course; au — de, in the middle of.
militaire, military.
millier, m.y thousand.
mince, slender, thin.
mine,/., mien, look, appearance.
mineur, m., miner.
minuit,/., midnight.
minute,/., minute, moment.
minutie,/., minuteness.
mis, see mettre.
mise,/., placing; — en liberté, enlargement, dismissal to liberty.
misérable, m.y wretch.
misérable, misérable, wretched.
misère, /., misery, misfortune, wretchedness.
mises, see mettre.
mit, ^ee mettre.
mitre, -e, mitred.
mobile, m.y motive.
mode, /., f ashion.
moi, I, me.
moi-même, myself.
moindre, lesser, less ; les -s détails, the most minute détails ; au — bruit, at the slightest noise.
moins, less; du or au — , at least.
mois, m.y month.
moisson,/., harvest.
moissonneur, m.y reaper.
moment, m.y moment ; au — de, at the point of ; par -s, at moments, at times.
mon, ma, my.
monde, m.y world; tout le — , every one.
VOCABULARY
monnaie,/.! coin, money.
monsieur, m.j Sir» Mr., gentleman, the gentleman.
monstre, /»., monster.
monstmeu-z, -se, monstrous,
dreadful, liorrible, tremen-
dous.
montagnard, i»., mountaineer. montagne,/., mountain, moun-
tains; place de -s, place in
the mountains.
monter, to mount, go up stairs,
rise, reach.
montrer, to show ; — le poing,
to shake one's fist at« morale, /., wholesome lecture,
moradizing.
moralement, morallv.
morceau, m., pièce, bit.
mordre, to bite.
morne, sad, gloomy, dismal.
morte, see mourir, mot, m., Word, motte, /., clod ; — de gazon,
sod.
mouche,/., fly.
mouchoir, m., handkerchief.
mourir, to die.
mouton, m,^ mutton.
mouvement, m.y movement.
moyen, m., means ; au — de, by
means of .
moyen, -ne, middle.
mur, m,y wall.
mûr, -e, ripe, mature, muraille,/., wall.
museau, m,, snout ; en — , like a
snout. • mystérieu-z, -se, mysterious.
nager, to swim.
naî-f, -Te, ingenuous.
napoléon, m., napoléon (French
gold coin, = $4).
nappe,/., table-cloth.
narine,/., nostril.
nati-f, -ve, native, natte,/., mat.
naturel, -le, natural.
naufrage, m., shipwreck.
naufragé, -e, shipwrecked.
nayire, m., vessel.
ne, not ; ne . . . pas, not ; ne . •
point, not at ail ; ne . . . plus^
no longer ; ne . . . que, only ^
ne . . . rien, nothing.
néant, m,, nothingness.
nécessaire, necessary.
nettement, clearly.
neu-f , -ve, new.
nez, m.t noee.
ni, nor ; ni ... ni, neither . . .
nor.
niche,/., kennel.
noir, -e, black, dark.
nom, m., name.
nombre, m., number.
nommer,, to name.
non, no.
nord, m,, north.
nouer, to tie, knot.
noueu-x, -se, knotty.
nourrir, to nourish, feed.
nouveau, nouvel, nouvelle, new,
novel ; — venu, newcomer. noyer, to drown.
nu, -e, bare, uncovered.
nuage, m., cloud.
nuée,/., cloud; flock, swarm.
nuire, to injure, do harm.
nuisit, see nuire, nuit,/., night.
nul, -le, no one.
nullement, not at ail.
numéro, m,y number.
6, O, oh.
obéir, to obey.
obéissance,/., obédience, objet, m., object.
oblong, -ue, oblong.
VOCABULARY
obscnre, dark.
obscurité, /., obscurity, dark-
ness.
obséder, to beset, possess, haunt.
observa-teur, -trice, observing.
observation, /.y remark, obsession,/., besetting thought.
obstination, /., obstinacy, per-
sistence.
obstiné, -e, obstinate.
occasion, /., occasion, opportu-
nity. occupé, -e, busy.
occuper, to occupy, trouble;
s' — , to be busy, trouble one-
self.
odeur,/., odor.
œil, m.f eye.
œuvre,/., deed.
offrir, to offer.
oiseau, m., bird.
ombre, /., shadow, shade, dark-
ness.
omettre, to omit.
on (l'on), one, people, some one,
I, he, we, you, they.
onde;/., billow.
or, m., gold.
or, adv., now.
orageu-z, -«e, stormy.
oranger, m., orange-tree; fleur
d' — , orange flower.
oratoire, m. y oratory.
oreille,/., ear.
oreiller, m., pillow.
orgueil, m., pride.
orner, to adorn.
os. M., bonie ; en chair et en — ,
in flesh and blood.
osciller, waver.
oser, to dare.
ôter, to take off, remove.
ou, or.
ob, where, when.
oublier, to forget.
oui, yes.
ouragan, m., hurricane.
outil, m., tool.
outré, -e, excessive, ouvert, -e, open.
ouverture,/, opening, aperture,
entrance.
ouvrage, m., work.
ouvrier, m., workman.
ouvrir, to open j s* — , to open.
paille,/., straw.
pain, f»., bread ; loaf of bread.
paisible, peacef ul, peaceable ; -ment, peacefully.
paix,/, peace.
pâle, pale.
pâlir, to pale.
panier, m.f basket.
pantalon, m,, trousers.
papeterie,/, paper mill.
papier, m., paper.
par, by, through, out of, per.
paradis, m., paradise.
paraître, to seem, appear.
parce que, because.
parcourir, to go through, traverse.
par-dessus, over.
pareil, -le, like, similar.
parent, m., relative.
parenté,/, relationship.
parenthèse,/, parenthesis.
parfait, -e, perfect; -ement, perfectly.
parfois, sometimes.
paria, m., pariah.
parler, to talk, speak.
parmi, among.
paroisse,/, parish.
parole, /, word.
part, /, part ; de la — de, on the part of.
partager, to share.
parti, m., party ; prendre son — , to make up one's mind.
particuli-er, -ère, particular.
particulièrement, particularly»
VOCABULARY
