Grahaoi Wallas, Life of Place, pp. 5 sqq

36. Bain. p. 115 : fn th« Memoirs of Bentham there is a long letter from Brougham to Mill, on Law Reform in America, meant for Bentham, and dnly forv,arded to him. This was the time when Mill was the médium of communication beetwen Brougham and Bentham (1811). — P. 1:29: The expulsion of lord Cochrane from the House of Gommons led to a vacancy for Westminster, and Millwas strongly in favour of proposing Brougham; hewrote to Place to that effect. At the same time he guaranteed the soundness of Brougham's liberalism, by saying that he would make a déclaration in favour of the three principles put forward in Parliament, in 1809. by Burdett (1814;. — Cf. Bentham to Mulford, 9 juillet 1812 (Bowring, vol. X, p. 472)... But what will interest youmore, whenyou come to know tlie little circumîtances that are connected with it, is the mention made by the editor, in a paragra]jh inarked as wi-ilten by hlmself, of my namc in conjunction with Ihose of Brougham and Romiliy... Brougham and Romilly are the Princess Charlotte's two great heroes, whom she is continuafly trumpeting. If she were on the throne, Romiliy would of course be Chancellor. Brougham eitiier Minister, or in some iiigh otlicc. They are botii oftiiem more démocratie than the Whigs; and Erskine, having already been Chancellor, would probably hâve been preferred for that office, to Romiliy, by the Whigs. had they come into powcr when they were so near it. Romiliy 's is the only huuse I go to; and Brougliam oiie of the very few, indeed, that I admit into mine. Wiien the Earl of Uundonald dies, Lord Cochrane, whois liis eldesl son. will succeed to tlie [)eerage;and then it is understood to be certain that Brougham will succeed iiim as meniber for Westminstei... Brougham does not seenito hâve any other more immédiate prospect for Corning into Parliament, wiiich, of course, I am sorry for.

37. V. ap. The Poetrij of the Anti-JacoOin, les extraits des n°' XIII, 5 fév. 1798; XVII, 5 mars 1798; XXV, 30 avril 179S. — Nous avons vu l'expression c a radical cure » employée en 1770 par Cartwright; elle

344 NOTES. (P. i>07)

l'avciit (Hé auparavant par Bolingbroke, Discourse upon Parties, letter 18.

— CarUvright {Life and Corr. vol, II, p. 190) dans un procès politique, eu 1819, signale Pitt déclarant en 1780 « tliat lie so much admired the beauties of the English constitution, tliat lie wislied to remove its tlefeets, as he clearly perceived they were defects ^\hich altered the radical principles of the constitution, and it woiild not be innovation, but a rccovery of tlie constitution to reuiov? tiieni ». — Cl'. Burke, Speech on Economical lielorni (Works, vol. III, pp. 290-291) : « In ail dealings where it is possible, the principles of radical econoniy prescribe three things ».

38. Lettre au rév. Christophe Wivyll, 15 avril 1:^11. — Cf. lettre à T Northmore, juin 1815.

39. Ed. Rev., vol. \1V, p. 277, juill. 1809 : It cannot be doubted that there is at tliis moment... a very gênerai désire for a more radical reform than ^vould be effected by a mère change of ministry. — Vol. XX, p. 139, uill. 1812 : ^Ve are anxious not to be misunderstood, as rccommending bis alone : we do not scruple to maintain, that it avouUI be iiisufficient, — and that a much more radical improvement, we sliould rather say, restoration of the Constitution, is rcquired... those radical changes which frighten so many well meaning persons. — A un dîner de juin 1814, Brougham mentionne « the two radical doctrines of yearly élections and Ihat the élective franchise should beextended to ail who pay taxes».

— Dans le Black Divurf, journal publié par Wooler, ami de Bentham, je trouve les expressions « reformers » (3 sept. J817, 11 nov. 1818), — a friends of reform » (29 janv. 1817), — « radical reformer » il" juillet 1818, 18 nov. 1818j. — Mss. tniv. Coll. n° 125 (Parliamentary Reform). Fragment du 17 juin 1811 : a What is called radical reform is the only reform. Tlie only reform capable of operating in any considérable degree in the character of a remedy. — et ibid. n" 127 : un fragment de juin 1810, où Bentham préfère les termes compleat et incompleat reform à radical et moderate reform. — Moderaie s'oppose h imnioderate. — /Jod/coi est emphatique, et peut être pris en mauvaise part. « Pull up a weed by (he roots, there is an end of it. »

/i0. Hansard, vul. XXXVI, p. 702, 20 mai 1817.

41 . V. Miss Harriet Martineau, History of the Tliirly Years' Peace, vol. I, u. 22(). — Cf. les lettres de Grey et de Brougham du 25 août et du 18 sept. 1819. — Cartwright écrivait déjà, le 18 aoiit 1817, à T. Xorthinore : « The crisis, in my judgment, is very favourable foreffecting an union with the radicals,of llic better among the whigs, and I aiii meditating on means to promote it ». — Dans une adresse aux « radical reformers »,en date du 25 mars 1821, Ilunt emploie une fois le mot « radicals », mais plus souvent le mot (' reformers », et la même observation s'applique à ses autres adresses de la môme année. — Bentham, dans s(jn Radicalisni not dangerous, qui est de 1820, emploie constamment le mot <■' radicalists » (Bowring, vol. III, pp. 605,608, 609, 611).

(Pp. -210—217) NOTES. 34o

'j2. Bowring, vol. X, pp. 'lOI sqq. Il est douteux qu'en 1816 James Mill se soit encore rallié à la thèse du suffrage universel. Il rompt, en auùt, avec un « Comité de Salut Public », dès qu'il s'aperçoit que ce comité marche contre son ami Brougham. Francis Place, qui reste membre du Comité, fait voter, à la place des résolutions proposées par Cartwright, d'autres résolutions plus vagues ; et c'est Cartv^right, selon les conjectures de Place, qui a monté, à ce moment, contre James Mill, l'agitateur Hunt Add. Mss. Brit. Mus. 35. 153, f. 207 et 213 : lettres de Place à Mill du 30 août et du 15 sept. 1816 .