Progr. de rEsi). Humain, 1'" époque : 9^ epocjuc

38. Essuy un the spiril and influt'nce of the lîeforniation, by Villers, p. 25, note. — Dans la Revue d'Edimbuimj, l'article de Juillet 1809,

(Pp. 236-238) xNOTES 351

sur la Chine, est malthusien. Dans Commerce Defended, Mill télicite Spence pour ses opinions sur la question de la population. — Quant à Bentham, il est encore un malthusien sans le savoir, Scotcli Reforni, letterll; Bowring-, vol. V, p. 21 : So redundant is the population ol" tlielnner House found to be, when once any principle of reason or expericnci' cornes to be applied to it — so large the proportion of the mass that runs into scoriae, Avhen once put into tliis test — so raging the disoase, so urgent the pressure, that even Mr. Malthus, with his inflexibility, and liis bitter remedy, miglit find himself at a loss to cope with it. — Dans la Théorie des Peines, l'expression reslreint moral est employée.

39. An Inquiry into the Ndlure and Progress of Rent, and the Principles by ivhich it is rer/idated, 1815, p. 20 — reproduit ap. Principles ol Polilical Economy, chap. m, sect. II, éd. 1836, p. 153. — Cf. Ricardo à Maltiius, 27 mars 1815 :. . . Indeed 1 see no limit to the fall of the corn value of goods but the impussibility of manufacturing tiiem with any the least return of prolit, and this will not happen till the landlord luis appropriated to himself in the form of rent nearly the whole surplus produce of the land. It appears to me tliat progress of wealtli, whilstitincreases accumulation, lias a natural tendency to produce this clVect and is as certain the principle of gravitation.

40. Lettre de Hume à Adam Smith, 1"' avril 1770 : if you Avere hère àt my fîreside, I should dispute some of your principles. F cannot thiiik that the rent of farms makes any part of the priée of the pniduce, but tiiat Ihe pries is determined altogether by the quantity and the demand.

41. Andersen, James, Observations on tlic means of exciling a spirit ol National Indastr y; chiefly intenrled to promote the agriculture, commerce, manufactures and lisheries of Scotland, 1777, p. 'lô note. La démonstration est très rigoureuse, très claire (soit quatre catégories de terres, offrant divers degrés de fertilité, A, B, C, D, E, etc.), et ne dilfère en rien de l'argumentation de Malthus et Ricardo.