Defence of Usury^ letter XIII ; Bowring, vol. III, p

2. W, ofN. Book IV, chap. ix; éd. Thorold Rogers, yoI. II, p. 273. — Cf. book V, chap. i, Part III; vol. II, p. 305 : The third and last duty of the sovereign or commonvealth is that of erectiDg and maintaining those public institutions and those public works, which, though they may be in the highest degree advantageous to a great society, are, however, of such a nature, that the proUt could nevcr repay the expense to any individual or small number of individuals, and which it, therefore, cannot be expe<;ted that any individual or small number of individuals should erect or ma in tain.

3. Lectures on Justice, Police, Revenue and Arms, delivered in the University of Glasgow, by Adam Smith, reported by a student in 1763, and edited with an introduction and notes by Edwin Cannan, Oxford, 1896. Sur la date du cours, v. introd. pp. XIX-XX.

4. Lectures, p. 169: Man... works on the self-love of his fellows, by setting before them a suffîcient temptation to get what he wants. The language of this disposition is « Give me what I want, and you shall hâve what you want ». It is not from benevolence. . . but from self-love that man expects anylhing. The brewer and the baker serve us not from bene-

(Pp. 16i-10-2) NOTES. 33î>

volence, but fi-om «clf-love. No man but a beggar deiKMids on benevolencc, and even tbey would die in a ^veek were tbeir entire dependcnce upon it.

5. Lectures, pp. 9 sqq. Deux principes, selon d'Adam Smith, rendent compte de Torigine des gouvernements : le principe de Tutilité et le principe d'autorité (respect du plus fort, du plus âgé, du plus riche). — Principe lui-même émané « from our sympathy with our superiors : being greater than that with our equals or inferiors : we admire their happy situation, enter into il with pleasure, and endeavour to promote it ». — p. 136 : Injury naturally excites thc resentment of the spcctator, and tlie punishment of the ofifcnder is reasonable as far as the indiffèrent spectator can go along 'with it. This is the natural measure of punishment. It is to be observed that our ûrst approbation of punishment is not founded upon the regard to public utility which is commonly taken to bc thc foundation of it. It is our sympathy with the resentment of the sufferer which is the real principe.