Bowring, vol. IV, pp. 12M

45. View ofthe Hard Labour Bill § XXllI. Cette formule essentiellement fienthamique, Bentham Ta empruntée au bill de 1778. Le Bill prescrivait que le traitement du directeur fût proportionnel à la quantité de travail fournie dans la prison, afin que a it may become the interest as well as the duty of each governor to see Ihat ail persons under his cuslody he regularly and profitably employed ». Excellente leçon donnée aux législateurs, s'écrie Bentham ; c'est parce que ce principe a été négligé que les lois sont si mal appliquées, non par la faute des individus, mais par la faute des lois elles-mêmes: « It is by strokes like thèse that genius and pénétration distinguish themselves from shalo^ness and empiricism... The utopian spcculator unwarrantably présumes that a man's conduct (on which side soever his interest lie) wiil quadrate with his duty, or vainly regrets that it will noi 80.

46. Bentham à Wilson (19-30 déc. 1786. Bowring, vol. X, pp. 165^). Les lettres sont donc écrites dès 1786 ; et le titre du Panopticon, portant -qu'elles ont été écrites en 1787, est inexact. — Réponse de "Wilson à Bentham, 24 avril 1787 : objections faites par Bentham le père, diflBculté de publier le travail d'un absent, critiques portant sur la forme épistolaire. « Weare resolved, I meanTrailand myself, tohave noconcern inihe publication of any other work which you may think proper to send over ». (Bowring, vol. X, p. 172). — Bowring dit (vol. X, p. 171) : George Wilson, to whom he had sent a pamphlet on Prison Discipline^ refused to send it to press as being c small game », the « subject impopular ».

47. Àdd. Mss. Brit Mus, 33, &38 f . 275 : à son frère, le l*' janvier 1779.

48. Add. Mss. Brit. Mus. 33, 538 f. 423: à son frère, le 28 décembre 1779 : la lettre originale est en français.

49. Add. Mss. Bnt. Mus. 33, 539, f. 71 : à son frère, le 6 août 1780... The letter to ail thèse peoples are ail but printed : but 1 shall not bave ftpirits enough I fear to put the last hand to them till after 1 hâve got over my présent diiHcultics (difficultés relatives à la rédaction de son Jntro(kêction).

332 NOTES. (Pp. 154-155)

50. Raspe (Add. Mss. Brit. Mus. 33,539, f. 28) ; Leonardi (Add. Mss. Brit. Mus. 33,539, f. 45 verso : Bentham à son frère, 9 mai 1780, — f. 71 ; au uiêmc, 6 août 1780 ; Schiller, qui avait déjà traduit la Richesse des Nalions (Add. Mss. Brit. Mus. 33,539, f. 104 verso : au même, 6 nov. 1780, — f. 198 : Samuel à Jeremie Bentham, 21 Juillet 1781).

51. Add. Mss. Brit. Mus. 33,539, f. 81 : Samuel Bentham à Jeremie Bentham, 4 sept. 1780.

52. Add. Mss. Brit. Mus. 33,539, f. 105 : lettre à son frère du 6 nov. 1780. — De Lolme avait traduit en français un opuscule de Lind (Add. Mss. Brit. Mus. 33,538, f . 89 : lettre à Samuel Bentham, du 22 janvier 1777). Bentham le caractérise en ces termes : « the man who wrote a book sur la Constitution de l'Angleterre which has great merit and is well esteemed».

53. Mss. Brit. Mus. 33,539, f. 117 : à son frère, le 26 dec. 1780 : ... It is a monstrous plague to me your driving itintomyhead with a freshmallet every post that it must must must bc in French ; when it canH can't can't be in French ; and so there's an end of it. You might as well tell me it must be in Turkish. There is not a créature I oould get to translate it, and, as for doing it myself, werc 1 to attempt such a thing it would take me up at Icast half a year.

54. Journal tenu par le père de Bentham, 7 dec. 1777. — Au matin, at son Jeremy's chambors, perusing his new work proposed to be entitled «The Policy of Punishment», (Bowring, vol. X, p. 86). — Bentham à Wilson, Zadobras près Crichoff, 9-20 février 1787 : ... 1 am marginal-contenting Essai sur les RéœmpenseSy about the size of Beccaria's book, with Voltaire's comment added to it. It was begun to serve as one of the divisions of iiiy gi-eat French work ; but ï found it détachable, so I swelled it out a little, and send it you to do what you will with it... AU I bave to say on the civil braneh of law is marginal-contentedand ready forreading were you but hère. It is a preceding introductory book. There is a Frenchman of the name of Allix, whose business it is to teach French. Aiderman Clark, by whose mcans 1 knew him once, knows, 1 suppose, where to find him. Him I should like to hâve to correct the press, andexpunge the solecisms. A parson would not do, because perjury subscriptions are abused, and the émoluments of ecclesiastics reduced to what they themselves set them at by Curacics. If Hughes' correctors understand accents and 80 forlh, as a Frenchman would, 1 would take any chance for solecisms, if such a thief as Allix could not bchadfor the value of fiveguincas. (Bowring, vol. X, p. 170). — Wilson (lettre du 24 avril, Bowring, wl. X, p. nt) fait des objections à remploi de la langue fi-ançaise. — Bentham, de retour en Angleterre, écrit à son frère, le 2 mai 1788 (Bowring, vol. X, p. 182) : « As soon as I hâve fmished such parts of Code as cannot be published one without the other, I go to Paris to get it corrected, and advise about the printing it. » — C'est alors que Dumont entre en scène ; Bowring écrit: a In 1788, 1 find the first notice of Dumont, to whom Romilly

had sent some of Bentham's writings. Ue wasstruck with their originality and their power ; and said the author was worthy to serve the cause of liberty. The MSS. were in French, and Dumont oftered to rewrite portions, and to saperintend the publication of the ^hole. He calls himself tiie a unknown friend » (Ami inconnu) ». — L'indication donnée par Bentham en note du chap. xiii de Vlnlroduction (2» édit., 1823) laisserait croire que Dumont a traduit Bentham : en réalité, il Ta seulement corrigé et édité (Bowring, toI. X, p. 548). V. pour plus de détails, Appendice I.